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Title: Student Exploration: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Description: Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. A bird’s feather color is controlled by two alleles, D (dark feathers) and d (lighter feathers). Suppose two Dd birds mate. What percentages of DD, Dd, and dd offspring would you predict? Use the Punnett square at right to help determine your
Description: Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. A bird’s feather color is controlled by two alleles, D (dark feathers) and d (lighter feathers). Suppose two Dd birds mate. What percentages of DD, Dd, and dd offspring would you predict? Use the Punnett square at right to help determine your
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Name:
Katie Hebert
Student Exploration: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation
...
Vocabulary: allele, genotype, Hardy-Weinberg equation, Hardy-Weinberg principle, heterozygous,
homozygous, incompletely dominant, Punnett square
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo
...
co
m
1
...
Suppose
two Dd birds mate
...
DD 25%
Dd 50%
d=
Dd
dd
dd 25%
2
...
1:1 ratio of heterozygous (Dd) to homozygous (DD and dd)
...
To determine if one of these factors is affecting a
population, it is useful to know what a population looks like when none of these
factors is present
...
These laws can be explored in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Gizmo
...
The parrots you see represent a population of 500 parrots
...
In the Gizmo,
select the TABLE tab
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250
Dd 100
dd 150
sh
DD
2
...
Click Begin, and then click Breed
...
The birds reproduced and layed eggs
...
Click Hatch, and look on the TABLE tab
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DD 181
Dd 239
dd 80
This study source was downloaded by 100000836193432 from CourseHero
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coursehero
...
● Check that DD is 50% and dd is 30%
...
Predict: Describe how you expect the proportions of D and d alleles to change over time
...
2
...
After clicking Hatch, fill in the allele and genotype
percentages for generation 1
...
Generation
1
2
3
4
5
60
59
...
7
58
...
5
57
...
1
42
...
8
43
...
3
% of DD genotype
50
36
...
0
32
...
8
32
...
4
49
...
0
49
...
8
% of dd genotype
30
16
...
6
15
...
8
17
...
co
m
Initial
values
3
...
There was a decrease in % D alleles and an increase in % d alleles
...
There was a significant increase in % of Dd genotype
...
4
...
Describe what this graph shows
...
Both colors stay relatively constant
...
Interpret: Select the GENOTYPE GRAPH tab
...
Th
It shows the genotype percentage, giving all 3 possible genotypes DD, Dd, and dd
...
Gather data: On the DESCRIPTION tab, click Reset
...
Fill in the initial
values in the table below, and then run the Gizmo for five generations
...
Generation
Initial
values
1
2
3
4
5
% D alleles
70
70
...
9
72
...
5
71
...
4
29
...
7
28
...
5
This study source was downloaded by 100000836193432 from CourseHero
...
coursehero
...
4
50
...
8
50
...
6
% of Dd genotype
40
38
...
8
43
...
4
39
...
2
8
...
2
7
...
6
7
...
I noticed that the 2nd graph was more constant than the 1st graph
...
Draw conclusions: The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the proportions of alleles and genotypes in a
population will remain stable as long as the following criteria are satisfied:
Mating is random
...
No natural or artificial selection is occurring
...
The population is relatively large
...
co
m
●
●
●
●
●
Describe how well the Hardy-Weinberg principle describes this population of parrots
...
9
...
No because a different allele would have to come into play into order for it to evolve
...
● Set DD to 30% and add to 70%
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Calculate: You can use the laws of probability to predict how many DD, Dd, and dd offspring will result from
this parent population
...
Identify the current percentage of d alleles in the population
...
Calculate the probability of inheriting a D allele from a parent
...
)
0
...
D
...
0
...
sh
Th
A
...
2
...
Explain why this is true
...
This study source was downloaded by 100000836193432 from CourseHero
...
coursehero
...
Calculate:
Fill in the current p and q values
next to the D and d alleles around the Punnett
square at right
...
Write these values
into the individual squares
...
The
probability of inheriting a D allele from each
parent is p, so the probability of DD is p 2
...
3
d =0
...
3
DD
Dd
d =0
...
co
m
4
...
Use the Punnett square above as a guide
...
In terms of p and q, what is the probability of a
DD offspring?
25%
B
...
In terms of p and q, what is the probability of a
Dd offspring?
50%
5
...
Th
P represents the dominant allele and the q represents the recessive allele
...
Predict: Check that DD is still set to 30% and dd is still set to 70%
...
3 and q = 0
...
Test: Click Begin, Breed, and Hatch
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com on 11-15-2021 06:49:48 GMT -06:00
https://www
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com/file/111538976/4-Hardy-Weinberg-Equilibrium-Gizmo-WSpdf/
How close are these to the predicted values? Not close at all
...
Apply: For a dominant/recessive gene, it is often difficult to determine the percentages of dominant and
recessive alleles in a population because individuals that express the dominant trait may be either
homozygous (DD) or heterozygous (Dd)
...
A
...
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, calculate the value of q 2
...
84
B
...
Calculate the value of q
...
Recall that p + q is equal to 1
...
43
D
...
co
m
DD
70%
36%
9
...
Set DD to the value given in part D above and add it to 16%
...
Do
the genotype percentages remain relatively constant? Explain
...
Activity C:
Get the Gizmo ready:
A useful
Hardy-Weinberg
ratio
● Click Reset
...
● Turn on Show Hardy-Weinberg quantities
...
Manipulate: The Hardy-Weinberg equation is p 2 + 2pq + q 2 = 1, where p = probability of D, q = probability
of d, p2 = probability of DD, 2pq = probability of Dd, and q2 = probability of dd
...
Look under Show Hardy-Weinberg quantities
...
Rewrite each of these in terms of the variables p and q
...
The third line of the table is the ratio (Dd•Dd) /
(DD•dd)
...
Show your work
...
com on 11-15-2021 06:49:48 GMT -06:00
https://www
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com/file/111538976/4-Hardy-Weinberg-Equilibrium-Gizmo-WSpdf/
p^2 q^2
4:1
C
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(Note: In most
populations, the ratio will range from about 2 to 8
...
Experiment: With Dd set to 0%, the initial value of Dd•Dd / DD•dd is 0
...
Record the percentage of DD, Dd, dd, and Dd•Dd / DD•dd for 5 generations in the table below
...
4
25
22
...
4
% Dd genotype
0
51
...
4
55
...
4
45
...
co
m
Initial
values
% dd genotype
50
24
...
6
22
26
...
403
4
...
273
3
...
841
3
...
4
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If the value of Dd•Dd / DD•dd differs significantly
from 4 (for example, below 2 or above 8), it is a sign that the population is not in equilibrium and selection
may be taking place
...
com on 11-15-2021 06:49:48 GMT -06:00
https://www
...
com/file/111538976/4-Hardy-Weinberg-Equilibrium-Gizmo-WSpdf/
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Title: Student Exploration: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Description: Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. A bird’s feather color is controlled by two alleles, D (dark feathers) and d (lighter feathers). Suppose two Dd birds mate. What percentages of DD, Dd, and dd offspring would you predict? Use the Punnett square at right to help determine your
Description: Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. A bird’s feather color is controlled by two alleles, D (dark feathers) and d (lighter feathers). Suppose two Dd birds mate. What percentages of DD, Dd, and dd offspring would you predict? Use the Punnett square at right to help determine your