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EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS
❖ One of the first additive systems, dates back to 3400 B
...
❖ A single line or stroke written repeatedly denote the number 1−9
❖ A new symbol is used to indicate a set of ten things
Hieroglyphics numerals
❖ The system is quite simple, does not use place value, and has no zero
❖ Since the system is repetitive, we write the numerals for 6000 six times; for 5,000,000 five times; for
7 seven times; and 50 five times as illustrated below:
❖ Egyptians wrote their numerals either from right to left or left to right
...
That is, there are no required order for the symbols
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❖ The ancient Egyptians had unit fractions, i
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, fractions whose numerator is 1
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Other fractions were expressed as sums of unit
3
21
fractions, viz
3
4
=
1
2
+
1
4
=
...
But these are not additive systems