Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Practical Research 2
Lesson 1: Introduction to Research

INQUIRY VS
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However, education is not just stocking
your brain with knowledge; it also encourages you to use acquired knowledge for a
deeper understanding of the world-an understanding that inspires you to create,
construct, or produce things for the betterment of your life and the rest of the world
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When you inquire or investigate, you tend to ask questions to probe or examine
something
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Thinking in this
manner makes you ask open-ended questions to elicit others’ views, opinions, and beliefs
about your research (Small et al
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Characteristics of Research
Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking
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Cognitively driven terms like empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical,
and replicable are the right descriptive words to characterize research
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•

These are not the only approaches that you can adhere to in planning your
research work
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Inquiry vis-à-vis Research
One scholarly activity that significantly involves inquiry is research
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Both inquiry and research encourage you to formulate questions to direct you to the
exact information you want to discover about the object of your curiosity
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Although the core word for both inquiry and research is investigation or questioning,
they are not exactly the same in all aspects
...
, 2012; Goodwin,
2014)
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One word that reflects the
true nature of this type of research is numerical
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Thus, to give the basic
meaning of quantitative research, research is a way of making any phenomenon or
sensory experience clearer or more meaningful by gathering and examining facts and
information about such person, thing, place, or event that appeals to your senses
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Involving measurements and amounts, quantitative research seeks to find
answers to questions starting with how many, how much, how long, to what extent, and
the like
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Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Because quantitative research uses numbers and figures to denote a particular thing,
this kind of research requires you to focus your full attention on the object of your
study
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This is why quantitative research is described as objective research
in contrast to qualitative research which is subjective
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In this case, you just do not identify
problems but theorize, hypothesize, analyze, infer, and create as well
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Classification of Quantitative Research
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Quantitative research is of two kinds: experimental and non-experimental
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Falling under experimental are these specific types: true
experimental, quasi-experimental, single subject, and pre-experimental
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Non-experimental research, on the other hand, has these sub-types: survey,
historical, observational, correlational, descriptive, and comparative research
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It is also useful in
obtaining an objective understanding of people, things, places, and events in this worldmeaning, attaching accurate or exact meanings to objects or subjects, rather than
inflated meanings resulting from the researcher's bias or personal attachment to things
related to the research
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This kind of research is likewise an effective method to obtain information about
specified personality traits of a group member or of the group as a whole as regards the
extent of the relationship of their characteristics and the reason behind the instability
of some people’s characteristics (Muijs, 2011; Gray, 2013)
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It is also a logical set of attributes, characteristics, numbers, or quantities that
can be measured and counted
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 Numeric variables
 Categorical variables
 Non-experimental variables
 Experimental variables
Numeric


Variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity
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o The variables that can only take on an infinite number
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Discrete
o This can only assume any whole values within the limits of the given
variables
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Categorical variables
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These are the variables with the values that describe a quality or
characteristic of a unit
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o “ordinal” is easy to remember because it sounds like an order
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o It is used for labeling variables, without any quantitative data
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Polychotomus
o These are variables that have many categories
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Experimental variables
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It describes the factors that differ between the test and the control
samples, which you are investigating
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Dependent variable
o These variables are usually affected by the manipulation of the
independent variable
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Examples:
“Use of gardening tools and types of fertilizers: their effects on the amount of
harvest”
E- humidity level; types of seeds/plants
I- use of gardening tools, types of fertilizers
D- the amount of harvest
“On the experiment on the methods of teaching and language achievement
among elementary pupils”
D- language achievement
E- ventilation facilities; physical ambiance
I- methods of teaching
Predictor
o These variables change the other variable/s in non-experimental
studies
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“The types of facilities, administrator’s profile, parents’ support towards school
effectiveness among public senior high schools”
P- types of facilities, administrator’s profile, and parents’ support
C- school effectiveness
Univariate
o Only one variable is being studied
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Bivariate
o two variables are being studied
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o The relationship between the height and weight of a senior high
school student

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