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Title: INDOLE ALKALOIDS- PHARMACOGNOSY
Description: a summary of the types of indole alkaloids, their examples and applications in both traditional and contemporary medicine.
Description: a summary of the types of indole alkaloids, their examples and applications in both traditional and contemporary medicine.
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INDOLE ALKALOIDS
DR
...
Various groups of indole alkaloids have been isolated
from more than thirty botanical families including the
Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Loganiaceae, Passifloraceae, as
well as several fungi
...
3
1
...
The extract should not
contain less than 0
...
It is cultivated commercially in India and Thailand from R
...
tetrapylla, R
...
conescens
...
Principle alkaloids are
reserpine, rescinnamine and deserpodine which are
tertiary alkaloids
...
The powdered form of R
...
The root is crushed to powder and
the powder adjusted to contain not less than 0
...
6
Uses
Reserpine is used for the treatment of hypertension and
of agitation It has hypotensive and sedative activity
...
In mild anxiety it has a tranquilizing effect
...
Vinca plant
Vinca alkaloids are obtained from the dry whole plant of
Catharanthus roseus or C
...
Catharanthus spp has more than 55 different alkaloids
which are mostly indole and dihydroindole derivatives
which also occur in other plants in the Apocynaceae
family
...
The plant also contains other indole
alkaloids such as vinblastine, vinleurosine, vinrosidine
...
9
10
Uses
Alkaloids with neoplastic activity are the indole
derivatives such as vinblastine and vincristine
...
Purified alkaloids used in standard chemotherapy in
lymphoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer,
Kaposi’s sarcoma, leukemia
...
11
Disadvantages and side effects
Given IV
The plant has hypoglycemic activity and produces
peripheral granulocytopenia and bone marrow
depression
...
It has to be refrigerated to extend its lifespan
...
Nux-vomica bark
Are obtained from Strychnos nux-vomica in Loganiaceae
family
...
5-5%
...
Available in muteta soup to improve appetite and as an
antioxidant
13
4
...
Obtained from Physostigma
venenosum
...
The extract should not contain less than 0
...
Other alkaloids present are eseramine,
geneserine
...
14
Physostigmine
15
Uses of calabar bean
A mydriatic agent used to treat glaucoma
Antidote for datura and atropa poisoning
Used to induce cognition by its activity as a reversible
inhibitor of cholinesterase hence used in Alzheimer's
disease
...
Harman alkaloids
Peganum harmala (Zygophyllaceae) seeds and roots are
rich in harman alkaloids, such as harmin, harmaline,
harmalol, and harmane
...
Pharmacological use: as a MAO inhibitor and a
tranquilizer
...
17
6
...
The
black-violet developmental stage is rich in indole alkaloids
such as ergotamine and ergotoxine
...
18
Distribution of ergot alkaloids
The ergot alkaloids are indole compounds that are
biosynthetically derived from L-tryptophan and represent
the largest group of nitrogenous fungal metabolites found
in nature
...
Some examples of fungi are Aspergillus fumigatus,
Rhizopus arrizus, Penicillium roqueforti, Sclerotium dephinii
and of plants, Rivea corymbosa and Ipomoea tricolor
...
The parasitic life
cycle of the ergot fungi begins in the spring, with windborne ascopores landing on susceptible host plants
...
Insect vectors transfer this honeydew to other blooming
florets, allowing the spread of the ergot fungi in a field
...
20
Major classes of ergot alkaloids
Ergot sclerotia contain about 0
...
5% alkaloids, with
the medicinally useful compounds separated into 2
classes:
1
...
2
...
21
Chemical structures of selected ergot alkaloids
22
Uses of ergot alkaloids
The pharmacological effects of the ergot alkaloids as a
group tend to be complex and variable, with the net
result of their actions being a sum of the effects of partial
agonism or antagonism at adrenergic, dopaminergic, and
serotonergic receptors
...
Ergonovine-in the treatment and prophylaxis of
postpartum hemorrhage
...
Ergotrate™ Eli Lilly
23
Uses of ergot alkaloids
2
...
Ergotamine tartrate is in abortion, prevention of vascular
headaches, such as migraine, migraine variant, cluster
headache, and histaminic cephalalgia
...
Bromocryptine: therapy of hyperprolactinemia and
pituitary prolactinoma, treat acromegaly
...
25
Title: INDOLE ALKALOIDS- PHARMACOGNOSY
Description: a summary of the types of indole alkaloids, their examples and applications in both traditional and contemporary medicine.
Description: a summary of the types of indole alkaloids, their examples and applications in both traditional and contemporary medicine.