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Title: In depth summary of the Human Body's Digestive System (images included)
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Digestive System. It covers the major functions, regions, characteristics, and labeling of colored structures and diagrams in depth. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Digestive System. It covers the major functions, regions, characteristics, and labeling of colored structures and diagrams in depth. Very easy to read and understand!
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1
UNIT 6: CHAPTER 24
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Label the regions of the digestive tract
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Figure 24
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It is also called
the gastrointestinal tract
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o The digestive tract and accessory organs include:
1
...
2
...
Esophagus
4
...
Small intestine, consisting of; duodenum, jejunum and ileum
...
6
...
Describe the major functions of the digestive system
...
Ingestion and Mastication: Ingestion is the intake of solid or liquid food into the
stomach, usually through the mouth
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It is vital for food to be broken down into smaller particles as
digestive enzymes cannot easily penetrate solid food particles
...
Propulsion and mixing: Propulsion is the movement of food from one end of the
digestive tract to the other
...
The total time for food to travel the length of the digestive tract
is usually 24-36 hours and each segment of the digestive tract is specialized in
moving contents from one end to the other of the tract
...
Secretion: secretions are added to lubricate, liquefy, buffer and digest food and
protect the tract
...
The secretions also contain water, which liquifies food, making digestion and
absorption easier
...
4
...
Digestion consists of mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
...
Chemical digestion is accomplished by digestive enzymes secreted along the
digestive tract
...
5
...
6
...
During this process, which mostly occurs in the large intestine, water and salts are
absorbed, changing the material in the digestive tract from liquefied to semisolid
...
Recognize the peritoneum and its function
...
o These membranes are very smooth and secrete a serous fluid which provides a
lubricating film between layers of the membranes
...
o The Peritoneum which covers organs in known as the visceral peritoneum and the
peritoneum which lines the inside of the abdominal cavity is the parietal peritoneum
...
o Accumulation of excess fluid within the peritoneal cavity is called ascites, and this
can occur with peritonitis
...
3
Describe the structure of the esophagus
...
o It is approximately 25 cm long, lies in the mediastinum, anterior to the vertebrae and
posterior to the trachea
...
o The esophagus transports food from the pharynx to the stomach
...
o At the upper end of the esophagus is the upper esophageal sphincter and on the
lower end is the lower esophageal sphincter
...
4
Outline the anatomical characteristics of the stomach
...
Its primary function is
storage and it acts as a mixing chamber
...
o The shape and size of this organ will vary from person to person, and will even vary
with the same person from time to time, depending on the amount of food within
the stomach as well as our body position
...
o The esophagus opens into the cardiac part of the stomach at the gastro-esophageal
opening
...
o To the left of the cardiac part, is the fundus, which lays slightly superior to the
cardiac opening
...
It is where the stomach turns to the
right, creating the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach
...
This part of
the stomach opens into the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter
...
Pg892
o Once food enters the stomach, it becomes mixed with stomach secretions to form a
semifluid material called chyme
...
Even though some digestion and absorption occur in the stomach, this is not its
primary function
...
o Hydrochloric acid is produced by parietal cells and the main function is to kill
bacteria that are ingested
...
Pg 898
o The small intestine consists of 3 parts: (1) the duodenum, (2) jejunum and (3) the
ileum
...
6-9m)
...
o The duodenum is the shortest part of the small intestine, about 25 cm long
...
These modifications include;
1
...
2
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5-1
...
3
...
o The jejunum and ileum are similar in structure to the duodenum however, as it
progresses from the duodenum to the ileum, the diameter of the intestinal wall
decreases together with the thickness of the intestinal wall together with the
number of circular folds and villi
...
Pg 901
The hepatocytes (liver cells) perform five (5) important functions;
1
...
Storage of nutrients
3
...
Detoxification, and
5
...
Describe the anatomy of the pancreas
...
o It is located behind the stomach, with the head of the pancreas nestled within the
curvature of the duodenum
...
These islet cells produce the hormones insulin and glucagon, which are
very important in controlling blood nutrient levels such as glucose and amino acids
...
Acinar cells within
the acini produce digestive enzymes
...
Pg910
o The large intestine extends from the ileocecal junction to the anus
...
o Normally, 18-24 hours is required for food to pass through the large intestine, in
contrast for the 3-5 hours required by the small intestine
...
o The major function of the large intestine is the absorption of water and salts from
the material within it, in the formation of feces
...
Title: In depth summary of the Human Body's Digestive System (images included)
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Digestive System. It covers the major functions, regions, characteristics, and labeling of colored structures and diagrams in depth. Very easy to read and understand!
Description: This is a summary of the Anatomy of the Human Body's Digestive System. It covers the major functions, regions, characteristics, and labeling of colored structures and diagrams in depth. Very easy to read and understand!