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VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (SOUTH AFRICA)
Faculty : Management Sciences
Department : Marketing, Retail Business and Sport Management
Course name : Retail Business Management

Topic :How retail operations affect and contribute to climatic change and
sustainability issues
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
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3
THE PRODUCT MANUFACTURING ISSUES
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8
THE LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION
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10
HOW RETAILERS CAN ENCOURAGE SUSTAINABILITY………………………………………………………………………11
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Global supply chains could become stretched as a result of climate change, which
could jeopardize food security (exacerbated by other factors, e
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world population
growth, increase of non-food crops for bio-fuels)
Increased monitoring of water use in areas where goods are obtained from poor
nations and pressure to respect the water rights of indigenous people a rise in
seasonal, regional food preferences, maybe coupled by a rise in the accessibility of
vegetables grown on one's own property
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Inadequate social development can also obstruct the functioning and
expansion of businesses
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Social sustainability issues:
According to Unnikrishnan ( 2022) Child labor, poverty, and disease in developing
countries are some of the primary problems connected to social sustainability
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Paying fair wages, conducting thorough supplier audits to prevent child
labor, respect workers' employment rights, and address health and safety issues,
providing healthcare and educational benefits to employees and their families, and
funding initiatives for nearby communities where the retailer and its suppliers are

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based are all ways that retailers can help improve social sustainability (Goworek &
McGoldrick, 2015)
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If a store
tries to capitalize on a customer's or the media's support for a philanthropic cause,
they risk facing backlash from both groups
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Retailers might choose to purchase from brands and suppliers who have robust
social sustainability policies as part of their CSR plans
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The ETI is a coalition
of merchants, brands, trade unions, and NGOs that can assist member organizations
by offering guidance on adopting a code of labor practice to enable them to acquire
goods that are socially responsible (Sivaraman, 2020)
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They must also follow international laws and refrain from acting in
a way that would have a negative effect on human rights or contribute to such
an effect
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To encourage group action, they might for instance, invest in
communities and public policy advocacy, foster a diverse and inclusive
workplace culture or involve employees and the community in their efforts
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Labour and Decent Work
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Businesses and retailers can demonstrate respect for workers' rights and
advance decent work by committing to ambitious goals to better the lives of

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employees and taking action to put policies into reality, especially in their
supply chains
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By doing this, we may address
concerns relating to labour and human rights as well as the shortage of good
employment
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This
includes the steps that companies should take to embrace sustainable
purchasing practices, supply and promote living wages throughout their value
chains and within their own operations, adopt strong occupational safety and
health procedures, and get rid of child labour and forced labour
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Gender equality

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Women's and girls' empowerment contributes to social advancement,
economic expansion, and the creation of societies that are more enduring and
just
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Investing in women and girls has been
shown to boost output, organizational performance, return on investment, and
customer happiness
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Women's empowerment is an
essential development objective in and of itself, highlighting the significance of
gender equality in solving a range of global concerns
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Promote socially sustainable governmental policies and promote judicious
social investments
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The environment sustainability issues that include:
Product manufacturing issue
By emitting air pollutants, disposing of hazardous waste, and contaminating water,
factories have a negative impact on the environment
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Nearly two thirds of
the emissions causing global climate change may be attributed to just factories
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Humans' continual hunger and greed have led to the development of
large-scale industries that cause pollution
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Generally speaking, the availability of natural
resources affects how productive an industry is
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Given that these industries receive far greater attention in terms of policies and
investments, manufacturing is therefore more polluting than the electricity or
transportation sectors
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For instance, the toxicity of formulated goods,

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such as those used in cleaning and personal care, has a significant potential for
direct human and environmental exposures, therefore it is crucial
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It may be more suitable in these situations to concentrate on the hotspot(s) of
concern rather than the entire lifetime
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The cultivation and harvesting of
bio-feedstocks, for instance, may contaminate water sources and worsen soil quality,
but choosing bio-based goods minimizes the extraction and input of fossil fuels as
well as the emission of greenhouse gases
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Product packaging and inventory issues
Product packaging is being considered as a blessing in disguise, it has also been
blamed for the highest environmental impacts in product production (Licciardello,
2017, pg
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Plastics are widely used due to its advantages such as low and light
weight, transparency, heat saleability these has led to high consumption of plastic
imposing the biggest threat to the environment
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These materials are not biodegradable (Sorrentino,
Gorrasi, & Vittoria, 2007)
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Single-use plastic is the most notorious of all packaging whether labelled
biodegradable or compostable packaging has a very harmful effect of the
environment
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The
BPA (bisphenol A) that is commonly found in transparent water bottles hanging from
hooks has been linked to cancer, pain, metabolic issues, and more by interfering
with the body's natural hormones
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BPA is said to gradually release the divisive monomer into food, raising the risk of
obesity, cardiovascular disease, prostate cancer, and other illnesses in women
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BPA is believed to be a hormone since it is the major way
that a person's body is exposed to it (Wilson et al
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Recurring container washing speeds up the leaching process
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Oestrogen mimics, or imitations
of reproductive hormones, include eating and breathing
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Nearly every
hiker's bag may have a tiny amount of BPA at high temperatures, according to
research on miscarriages, sterility, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (Raloff 1999;
Kang et al
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According to studies, plastic has in the past led to serious
illnesses
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2004; Eskenazi et al
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2002; Warner et al
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2004; Eskenazi et al
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2002; Warner et al
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The item and the associated
manufacturing processes
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They
can then develop or create items after that
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However, this is very reliant on fuel-powered vehicles, which
release toxic emissions into the atmosphere and exacerbate climate change and other
environmental problems
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Transporting goods across borders has grown to be a
crucial part of many enterprises as a result of economic globalization
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We will examine the
detrimental effects of logistics on the environment in this essay, along with possible
solutions
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However, there is still a long way to go before the logistics industry
can be considered truly sustainable
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Use cleaner vehicles: Using cleaner vehicles is one way to reduce emissions
from the logistics industry
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2
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This can be accomplished through the
investment of new technologies or the of maintenance practices
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Reduce the number of miles travelled: One of the most effective ways to
reduce the environmental impact of logistics is to simply reduce the number of
miles travelled
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4
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To do this, one option is to
purchase recyclable packaging or fill shipping containers with recycled materials
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Employ eco-friendly construction as infrastructure

How retailer can mitigate waste disposal
During a disaster response, figuring up ways to remove garbage related to the
incident more quickly
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Decreases the risk of fire, physical damage, and disease transmission
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Makes it more likely that trash will be separated into individual waste streams
as opposed to being piled up in large piles, making it simpler to reuse,
recycle, treat, and properly dispose of different waste streams
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Maximizes the reuse and recycling alternatives that are accessible to the
community during a crisis, both within and across jurisdictional lines
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Promotes green building initiatives
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Reduces the overall amount of waste that might be produced (for instance, by
raising the minimum floor/foundation elevations in low-lying areas or updating
building code requirements so that stronger building materials and techniques
that improve a building's ability to withstand more wind, rain, or snow loads
are incorporated into building design and construction)
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g
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HOW RETAILERS CAN ENCOURAGE SUSTAINABILITY
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Reusable shopping bags should be encouraged
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Furthermore, retailers can earn money by selling reusable bags at your
establishment
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Get rid of all of plates, napkins, and plastic and paper utensils
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Even if cleaning these would require water,
it is still preferable to plastic that is left in landfills for all time
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Receipts
for your clients are included in this
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Use both sides of the paper whenever you can
when printing something
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Everything is possible to perform on a computer,
including banking, faxing, and bill filing
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When necessary, use lighting, and
then switch to energy-efficient options
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To prevent interruptions to your busy day, use
timers to turn off the lights when not in use
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This may seem like a difficult task, but it becomes easier
if you consider what you are throwing out and how it may be put to other uses
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If you maintain your plastic
silverware clean, it will last longer
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For instance, Woolworths has pledged that by 2022, all of its own-brand plastic
packaging will be recyclable and reused
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Additionally, Woolworths is testing a new line of reasonably priced reusable
shopping bags
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This indicates that the
company wants to ensure that none of its packaging ends up in landfills, which calls
for using only materials that can be recycled and having a strong recycling
infrastructure
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•

This issue increases leachate, the liquid formed when waste breaks down in
the landfill
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•

The next issue is greenhouse gases
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•

The food waste then breaks down in an anaerobic process, which releases
methane – a greenhouse gas 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide
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Conclusion
Best advice to retailers is to go greener for the environment and to be more
profitable
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More
retailers are adopting and heightening profit margins using the sustainability as a
strategy
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Bibliography
S
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” Mechanical Engineering , March
1993, pp 5255
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American Journal of Epide
Miology 166, 7987
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org/10
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Goworek, H
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RETAIL MARKETING MANAGEMENT
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Halden RU (2010), Plastics and health risks
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https://doi
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1146/annurev
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012809
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Oliveira, L
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Raloff J (1999), Food for thought: What’s coming out of baby’s bottle?
SciNewsOnline 156, 1
Rayner JL, Wood C & Fenton SE (2004), Exposure parameters Longmacol
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https://doi
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1016/j
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2003
...
005
Rudel RA, Dodson RE, Newton E, Zota AR & Brody JG (2008),
Ricee, S
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Social Sustainability
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social/social-sustainability/
Sivaraman, A
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Five Things You Need to Know About
Social Sustainability and Inclusion
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worldbank
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(2007)
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British: Ipsos MORI
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(2022)
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cape town: bcg publications
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1970
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Lindsay, V
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, Mattsson, J
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, and Millet, B
...
‘waste
diposal

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of Individuals and Knowledge Flows in the landfill of Firms’, I
Journal of Service Industry Management,
Meyer, K
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Direct Investment in Economics in Transition, Northampton, MA:
Edward Elgar



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