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Title: Plant classification
Description: This note is related to biology and plant classification. So this is very important our students.
Description: This note is related to biology and plant classification. So this is very important our students.
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s oad
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Morphos = Form; logos = Study) is the branch of science which deals with the study of form and
structure
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Angiospermic or flowering plants show a great variety of shape, size and form
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1cm) to the tall Eucalyptus (up to 100 metre) and large sized Banyan (Ficus bengalensis)
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The root with its
branches is known as the root system
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(ii) It is non-green or brown in colour
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(iv) As per the rule the root does not bear leaves and true buds
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(vi) The root bears unicellular root hairs
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(vii) Lateral roots arise from the root which are endogenous in origin (arises from pericycle)
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It is also called
the normal root system
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(ii) Adventitious root system: The root system that develops from any part of the plant body other than the
radicle is called the adventitious root system
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The Stem
(1) The stem develops from the plumule of the germinating seed
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(3) The place where the leaf develops on the stem is called the node
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(5) Characteristics of stem
(i) Stem is an ascending axis of the plant and develops from the plumule and epicotyl of the embryo
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Therefore, it is negatively geotropic and
positively phototropic
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(iv) In flowering plants, stem is differentiated into nodes and internodes
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e
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(vi) The young stem is green and photosynthetic
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s oad
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(6) Diverse forms of stem
The Leaf
The leaf is a green, flat, thin, expanded lateral appendage of stem which is borne at a node and bears a bud in its
axil
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The green colour of the leaf is
due to the presence of the photosynthetic pigment – chlorophyll which helps plants to synthesize organic food
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They are borne on stems in acropetal
succession
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s oad
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(iii) Generally there is always an axillary bud in the axil of a leaf
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(v) The growth of leaves is limited
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(vii) A leaf has three main parts – Leaf base, petiole and leaf lamina
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(viii) The leaf lamina is traversed by prominent vascular strands, called veins
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Rectangular leaves
(2) Linear type
(10) Reniform type
Long and slightly broader leaves
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(11) Cordate type
Heart shaped (with a deep notch at the base)
leaves
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Leaves shaped like an arrow head
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lobes are directed outwards
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(6) Ovate type
(14) Lyrate type
Egg shaped (oval) leaves
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(7) Spathulate type
(15) Centric type
Spoon like leaves
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(8) Oblique type
(16) Cuneate type
Leaf lamina is with an unequal half
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Flower
It can be defined as a modified dwarf shoot which is meant for sexual reproduction
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The calyx may show a number of modifications
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g
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(b) Cupulate : Cup like, e
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, Gossypium
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g
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(d) Infundibuliform: Funnel shaped, e
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, Atropa belladona
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g
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(f) Bilabiate : Calyx forms two lips, e
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, Ocimum
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g
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(h) Pappus : Calyx are modified into hairs e
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, Sonchus, Tridax (Asteraceae)
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(i) Spinous : When calyx forms spines, e
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, Trapa
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g
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(k) Petaloid : Enlarged and brightly coloured sepals, e
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, Clerodendron, Mussaenda
(ii) Corolla: It is composed of petals and is the second whorl
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(a) Sepaloid : Green or dull coloured sepal
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g
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(b) Saccate : The corolla tube may form a pouch on one side
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g
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(c) Spurred : Sometimes one or two petals or the entire corolla tube grow downwards forming a spur that
usually stores nectar
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g
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(d) Corona : Special appendages of different kinds like scales, hairs develop from the corolla
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e
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, Passiflora, Oleander and Nerium
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The mode of attachment of a filament to another by connective is called fixation
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e
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, Michelia (Campa)
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g
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(c) Dorsifixed : Filament is attached to the anther on the dorsal side at the middle portion e
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, Passiflora
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e
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, Grasses
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It shows carpels
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g
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(b) Bicarpellary : It is the presence of two carpels in an ovary, e
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, Helianthus
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g
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(d) Tricarpellary : It is the presence of four carpels, e
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, Cotton
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g
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(f) Multicarpellary : It is the presence of many carpels, e
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, Annona
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Aestivation:
The arrangement of sepals and petals in bud condition of the flower is called “aestivation”
Title: Plant classification
Description: This note is related to biology and plant classification. So this is very important our students.
Description: This note is related to biology and plant classification. So this is very important our students.