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Title: Chemistry - Acids and Bases
Description: Course: Biochemistry, (applicable for all years) Comprehensive notes covering various subtopics: Buffer solutions and calculations, acid deposition, pH curves, titration etc. [in depth explanations with worked examples, chemical equations and graphs]
Description: Course: Biochemistry, (applicable for all years) Comprehensive notes covering various subtopics: Buffer solutions and calculations, acid deposition, pH curves, titration etc. [in depth explanations with worked examples, chemical equations and graphs]
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pH curves
HELLO
Buffer solutions
Resist changes in pH after adding small amounts of acid/base
Acidic buffers
Weak acid and salt of that acid
E
...
ethanoic acid and sodium ethanoate
-
If H+ ions are added
- They combine with ethanoate ions to form ethanoic acid
-
If OH- ions are added
- It reacts with the acid to form water
How acidic buffers are made
- Strong base and excess weak acid
Alkali buffers
Weak base with salt of that base
E
...
ammonia and ammonium chloride
-
If H+ ions are added
- They combine with OH- to form water
- Ammonia dissociates to replace ions
-
If OH- ions are added
- It reacts with ammonium ions to ammonia
Salt hydrolysis
-
Neutral salts- strong acids with strong base
Alkaline salts- weak acid with strong base
Acidic salts- strong acid with weak base
Acid-base titrations
Strong acid with strong base
E
...
HCl + NaOH
- 50 cm3 1
...
Only HCl in conical flask
- pH 0
2
...
Adding all NaOH
- pH 7
Equivalence (infection) point - pH 7
Weak acid with strong base
E
...
CH3COOH + NaOH
- 50 cm3 1
...
6)
Strong acid with weak base
E
...
HCl + NH3
Weak base buffer effect
- Inflexion point low pH
- Resist pH from going too high
Indicator: Methyl orange (3
...
g
...
g
Title: Chemistry - Acids and Bases
Description: Course: Biochemistry, (applicable for all years) Comprehensive notes covering various subtopics: Buffer solutions and calculations, acid deposition, pH curves, titration etc. [in depth explanations with worked examples, chemical equations and graphs]
Description: Course: Biochemistry, (applicable for all years) Comprehensive notes covering various subtopics: Buffer solutions and calculations, acid deposition, pH curves, titration etc. [in depth explanations with worked examples, chemical equations and graphs]