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Title: Biology 1121 Chapter 1 Human Anatomy & Physiology
Description: Biology 1121 Chapter 1 Human Anatomy & Physiology. Complete typed Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology breakdown. Aimed for any level (1st year beginner to 4th year expert) student.
Description: Biology 1121 Chapter 1 Human Anatomy & Physiology. Complete typed Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology breakdown. Aimed for any level (1st year beginner to 4th year expert) student.
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BIO 1121 Human Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 1
An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
• Define anatomy and physiology and how they relate
•
Identify the major levels of organization in organisms
...
•
Learn the proper anatomical terms
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Identify the major body cavities
...
1 Levels of Organization)
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Chemical or Molecular level:
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Atoms are units of matter
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H = hydrogen
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O = oxygen
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C = carbon
Molecules are formed when atoms from chemical bonds between each other
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H2O =water
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C6H12O6 = glucose (blood sugar)
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Levels of Organization
Cellular level
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Cell is the basic unit of living organisms
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Cells are made up of molecules
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Complex molecules form organelles
Tissue level
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Cells with similar structure and similar function
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Muscle, connective, nervous and epithelial tissues
Organ level
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Functional structures made up of more than one tissue type
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heart
Organ system level
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Organs interact together to perform a complex function
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Cardiovascular system
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11 organ systems
Organism – the living body
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All organ systems work to maintain life
The basic functions of organisms
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Organ systems work together to maintain the health and life of the organism
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BIO 1121, Ch 1
Responsiveness
Page 2
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Growth and differentiation
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Reproduction
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Movement
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Metabolism and excretion
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All chemical reactions in the body
homeostasis
Homeostasis
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•
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Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
Despite constant external/internal changes
Homeostasis is essential to life
Two regulatory mechanisms involved
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Autoregulation (intrinsic)
o Tissues release chemicals to dilate blood vessels when experiencing low oxygen
levels
Extrinsic – hormonal and nervous
o Nervous system increase heart rate when exercising
Homeostatic mechanisms respond to changes
Three components of homeostatic mechanism
1
...
Control center
• Has a set point
• Sends message to effector
3
...
Sagittal – cuts the body into right and left parts (midsagittal – along the midline,
equal parts)
2
...
Frontal (coronal) – cuts the body into ventral and dorsal parts (like a locket)
Body Cavities
• Viscera – internal organs inside cavities
• Dorsal cavity
• Cranial cavity
• Holds brain
• Spinal cavity
• Holds spinal cord
• Ventral body cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Pleural cavities hold lungs
• Separated by the mediastinum
• Pericardial cavity
• Inferior portion of mediastinum
• Holds heart
• Abdominopelvic cavity(inferior ventral Cavity)
BIO 1121, Ch 1
Page 5
• Separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm
• Abdominal – large
• Pelvic – surrounded by pelvic bones
• continuous
• Membranes of Visceral Cavity
• Serous membranes
• Produces a thin lubricating fluid
• Name for location
• Visceral - Covers organs
• Parietal - Lines cavity wall
• Continuous with each other
• Membranes of Visceral Cavity
• Pleural membranes
• Lungs
• Visceral pleura
• Parietal pleura
• Pericardium – heart
• Visceral, pareital
• Peritoneum -abdomen
• Visceral, parietal
• Retroperitoneal - behind
BIO 1121, Ch 1
Page 6
Title: Biology 1121 Chapter 1 Human Anatomy & Physiology
Description: Biology 1121 Chapter 1 Human Anatomy & Physiology. Complete typed Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology breakdown. Aimed for any level (1st year beginner to 4th year expert) student.
Description: Biology 1121 Chapter 1 Human Anatomy & Physiology. Complete typed Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology breakdown. Aimed for any level (1st year beginner to 4th year expert) student.