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Title: Management accounting (budgeting)
Description: Introduce to the entrepreneur to calculate the budget before execute the product into the business.
Description: Introduce to the entrepreneur to calculate the budget before execute the product into the business.
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PSA:
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND
CONTROL
Budgeting Systems in Malaysia
BUDGETING SYSTEMS IN MALAYSIA
Traditional Budgeting System
Programme and Performance Budgeting System
Modified Budgeting System
Outcome Based Budgeting
TRADITIONAL BUDGETING SYSTEM
The first budgeting system adopted by Malaysian government in
1969
Also known as "incremental budgeting or line-item budgeting"
Example:
Code
“Who” Department
Amount (RM)
10000
Emoluments:
11000
Salary and Wages
120,000
12000
Fixed allowances
60,000
13000
Statutory contributions to employees
20,000
14000
Overtime allowances
48,000
15000
Other financial benefits
36,000
Total
(RM)
284,000
3
APPROACH
Total Allocation
=
Last years spending level
+ Current year budget
+
Increase in cost of material and labour
due to inflation
+ Cost for new projects or programmes
• Assumptions:
1
...
All activities must be continued during the coming years and
are more urgent than newly created programmes
3
...
Implemented in 1990 by issuance of TC No
...
As an amendment to “Programme and Performance
Budgeting System” (PPBS) through TC No
...
Focuses on the relationship between input, output
and impact
...
Output – product or services produced by agencies
...
achievement level of actual objective (efficiency of
activity)
...
OUTCOME BASED
BUDGETING
Objectives:
1
...
Programme (NTP) to outcome and results
...
Empower Controlling Officer to manage resources
under their control
...
Increase accountability at all levels through
strengthening of governance framework
...
Ensure government will achieve the concept of
value for money for budget expenditure
management
...
Planning and constructing of budget is based on
Programme-Based Approach
...
Roles and responsibility of MOF, EPU & PSD in
examining ministry’s budget
...
Ministry’s programmes aligned to the NRF
...
Medium-term perspectives in planning and budget
5
...
Empowering Controlling Officer
7
...
Continuous development of ability
Title: Management accounting (budgeting)
Description: Introduce to the entrepreneur to calculate the budget before execute the product into the business.
Description: Introduce to the entrepreneur to calculate the budget before execute the product into the business.