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Chapter 12
The Compound Sentence
This is a simple sentence:
OVERVIEW OF
THIS CHAPTER
●
Building Compound
Sentences 304
●
Recognizing
Compound
Sentences 328
●
Solving Problems in
Compound Sentences:
Run-ons and Comma
Splices 334
●
Bringing It All
Together 353
KEY TO
BUILDING BLOCKS
NOUN
+
VERB
+
...
This is a compound sentence because it joins two simple sentences:
NOUN
+
VERB
+,+
CONJUNCTIONS
+
NOUN
+
VERB
+
...
Building Compound Sentences
In the previous chapter, you learned that a simple sentence may have as few as
two words: a subject (noun) and a verb
...
They drove
...
There are three more conjunctions: yet, for, nor
...
To practice using these three
conjunctions, visit this book’s
Web site at bedfordstmartins
...
304
In this chapter, you will learn how to write and recognize compound sentences
...
Often, these sentences are joined using a comma and a conjunction
...
These are known as coordinating conjunctions
...
COMMA AND CONJUNCTION
Notice that the word they does not start with a capital letter in this example because it no longer begins a sentence
...
To
master it, remember these two rules:
1
...
2
...
Often, you will use the conjunctions
and, but, or, or so, and these conjunctions must be preceded by a comma
...
Remember to add a comma
before the conjunction
...
Add two subjects and a comma
...
B
...
laugh,
EXAMPLE: You
cry
dances
...
2
...
2
...
3
...
1
...
3
...
so Damien
...
●
Use and to combine two similar ideas:
IDEA 1
IDEA 2
Food nourishes, and exercise strengthens
...
●
Use but to contrast two different ideas:
IDEA 1
IDEA 2
Blanca forgot, but Edgar remembered
...
●
Use so to show a result:
IDEA 1
IDEA 2
The team won, so we celebrated
...
●
Use or to show alternatives:
IDEA 1
IDEA 2
The children must participate, or they will get bored
...
For online practice with
compound sentences, visit
this book’s Web site
at bedfordstmartins
...
306
Chapter 12 • The Compound Sentence
To sum up, the four types of relationships are combination (and ), contrast
(but), result (so), and alternatives (or)
...
ACTIVITY 2
First, add a conjunction (and, but, so, or or) to complete each compound sentence
...
EXAMPLE:
You clean the bathroom,
alternatives)
and
I will clean the kitchen
...
Jonah inherited money,
he bought a house
...
Ida must stop gambling,
she will go broke
...
(combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
3
...
I will make a pie,
Dennis will bring cupcakes
...
(combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
5
...
For example:
COMBINATION
They painted their garage, and they re-roofed the
house
...
RESULT
They painted their garage, so the neighbors
stopped complaining
...
However, the second idea changes
according to the conjunction used
...
Then, circle
which type of relationship the conjunction suggests between the two ideas
...
Milo lost the race,
but
he won the championship
...
Milo lost the race,
so
he didn’t win the medal
...
Milo lost the race,
and
1
...
Diego lost his wallet,
b
...
Diego lost his wallet,
he wrecked his car
...
(combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
he found his keys
...
(combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
Building Compound Sentences
2
...
My boss might fire me,
b
...
My boss might fire me,
3
...
Jessica needs a car,
b
...
Jessica needs a car,
307
she might fire Bob
...
(combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
that is unlikely
...
(combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
she cannot afford one
...
(combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
ACTIVITY 4: Teamwork
With classmates, discuss what type of idea is necessary to complete each
compound sentence
...
EXAMPLE:
a
...
b
...
c
...
1
...
The dentist found cavities, and
b
...
The dentist found cavities, but
...
a
...
The puppy must eat, but
c
...
3
...
Tamika likes the outdoors, so
b
...
Tamika likes the outdoors, and
...
...
...
...
Planes fly, but boats float
...
However, the second sentence suggests that
planes and boats are different in the particular ways they move
...
My husband votes Republican, but I vote Democrat
...
The second sentence suggests that the husband and wife
are different in the particular party they vote for
...
Building Compound Sentences
1
...
Victoria makes quilts
...
Simple sentence: Farad plays the guitar
...
Simple sentence with compound verb:
Compound sentence:
3
...
The Jacobsons donate money
...
Simple sentence: The waiter dropped the tray
...
Simple sentence with compound verb:
Compound sentence:
5
...
The skier did not break her leg
...
If you like, you can first write two simple sentences and then join them using a conjunction and a comma
...
Let’s examine three possible ways to express
the same pair of ideas:
1
...
Playing it is better
...
This separation is reinforced by the capitalization of
the first word in the second sentence
...
Use a conjunction preceded by a comma:
SENTENCE 1
SENTENCE 2
Watching basketball is fun, but playing it is better
...
3
...
The “soft” period joins the two ideas, suggesting that there is a special connection
between them
...
The most important rule to remember as you start to use the semicolon is
this: both “hard” and “soft” periods must always follow a complete sentence
...
SENTENCE 1
SENTENCE 2
The music started
...
SENTENCE 1
SENTENCE 2
The music started; the dancers appeared
...
We recommend that you master
this use of the semicolon before
attempting others
...
Avoid this mistake!
As a “soft” period, the semicolon is nearly as powerful as a “hard” period, and you
must respect its authority
...
EXAMPLE:
Simple sentences: Thunderstorms are frightening
...
Compound sentence with a conjunction: Thunderstorms are frightening, but
hurricanes are terrifying
...
1
...
I wear it often
...
Simple sentences: Cheating is dishonest
...
Compound sentence with a conjunction:
Compound sentence with a semicolon:
3
...
I regret it
...
Take a look at these two sentences:
Slot machines require luck, but poker requires skill
...
Some writers would say that the contrast between slot machines and poker is
obvious, so the conjunction but is not necessary
...
Both versions are appropriate
...
ACTIVITY 14: Teamwork
With classmates, look at the sentences that you wrote for Activity 13
...
Try to explain why you prefer one version over the other
...
How
will you know when this is the case? First, remember that a conjunction provides
information about the relationship between the two ideas that are being combined (combination, contrast, result, alternatives)
...
In general, you can use a semicolon in place of and (a simple combination) and sometimes in place of but (a simple contrast)
...
(Similiarity: Both forms of gambling require something from the gambler
...
(Difference: Each form of gambling requires something different from the gambler