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Key concepts in Biology
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Microscopy - What it is:
• Microscopy is the use of microscopes to view and
study objects too small to be seen with the naked eye
• It has allowed scientists to discover and study
microscopic organisms and structures
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Microscopy - Units of Conversion:
• Measurements in microscopy are often expressed in
micrometers (µm) or nanometers (nm)
• 1 µm = 1000 nm
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Enzymes:

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up
chemical reactions in the body
• They are made up of proteins and have specific
shapes that allow them to interact with specific
substrates
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Balanced Diet (Nutrients):
• A balanced diet includes a variety of nutrients,
including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and
minerals
• Each nutrient has a different role in the body, and a
deficiency or excess can lead to health problems
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Digestive Enzymes:
• Digestive enzymes break down food molecules into
smaller components that can be absorbed by the
body
• Different enzymes are responsible for breaking down
different types of molecules, such as carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats
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Diffusion:
• Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area
of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• It is a passive process and does not require energy
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Active Transport:
• Active transport is the movement of particles across a
membrane from an area of low concentration to an
area of high concentration, using energy (ATP)
• It is important for transporting essential molecules
into cells and removing waste products from the
body

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