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All India Jat Heroes' Memorial
College

Name of the Assignment- Introduction to
System
Name – Mukul Rana
Class – BCA 1st Year
Roll No – 2223050082
Subject – System Analysis and Design
Submitted By – Mukul Rana
Submitted To – Nishant Jakhar

Professor Sign-

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System Analysis and
Design
Unit – 1

Introduction To SystemSystem analysis and design is a structured approach to
developing and implementing new information systems
or improving existing ones
...
This process helps ensure that the resulting
system is efficient, effective, and meets the needs of its
users
...
Requirements gathering: This involves identifying
and documenting the needs and objectives of the

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system, as well as the constraints and limitations
that must be taken into account
...
Analysis: This step involves breaking down the
requirements into smaller, more manageable
components, and evaluating the feasibility of
different solutions
...
Design: Based on the analysis, a design is created
that outlines how the system will be structured,
including the architecture, components, and
interfaces
...
Implementation: The system is built and tested to
ensure that it meets the requirements and
specifications outlined in the design
...
Maintenance: Once the system is implemented, it
requires ongoing maintenance and support to
ensure that it continues to function properly and
meet the needs of its users
...
It
can be a physical system, such as a machine or a
building, or an abstract system, such as a computer
program or a business process
...

There are several characteristics of a system, which
include:
1
...
A change in one part of the system
can affect other parts of the system
...
Purpose: A system is designed to achieve a specific
goal or objective, such as improving efficiency or
productivity
...
Environment: A system operates within a larger
environment, which can include physical, social, and
economic factors that can influence the system's
performance
...
Inputs and outputs: A system takes inputs from the
environment, processes them, and produces outputs
that are used by the system or sent back to the
environment
...
Processes: A system consists of processes that
transform inputs into outputs
...

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...


Elements of system
A system is made up of several interdependent elements
that work together to achieve a specific goal or
objective
...
Input: Input refers to the raw data or information
that is fed into the system
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...
This can include data

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analysis, calculations, sorting, filtering, and other
functions
...
Output: Output refers to the results or information
that is generated by the system after processing the
input
...

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...
The
feedback can be used to modify or adjust the
system's performance or to improve the quality of
future output
...
Control: Control refers to the mechanisms or
processes that are used to monitor and regulate the
system's performance
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...
The
system must be designed to operate effectively
within its environment
...
Here are some
common types of systems:
1
...
These systems have tangible
components that can be observed and measured
...
Abstract systems: Abstract systems are systems that
do not have a physical presence, such as computer
programs, mathematical models, and social systems
...

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...
They use these inputs to
produce outputs that are sent back to the
environment
...

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...
They do not receive inputs from

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the environment, and they do not produce outputs
that are sent back to the environment
...

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...
Examples of
human-made systems include transportation
systems, communication systems, and computer
systems
...
Natural systems: Natural systems are systems that
occur naturally in the environment, such as
ecosystems, weather patterns, and geological
formations
...
It is a structured and sequential approach that
ensures that the development process is systematic and
consistent
...
Planning: In this phase, the system's requirements
and objectives are defined, and the feasibility of the
project is assessed
...

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This involves conducting interviews, surveys, and
observations of users and stakeholders
...
Design: In this phase, the system's architecture,
components, and interface are designed based on
the requirements and objectives identified in the
analysis phase
...

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...
This includes
coding, testing, and integrating the different
components of the system
...
Testing: In this phase, the system is tested to ensure
that it meets the requirements and functions as
intended
...

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...
This includes
installing the system, training users, and
transitioning from the old system to the new system
...
Maintenance: In this phase, the system is maintained
and updated to ensure that it continues to function
as intended
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Role of System analyst
The role of a System Analyst is critical in the
development of effective and efficient information
systems
...
The specific
responsibilities of a System Analyst may vary depending
on the organization and the project, but typically include
the following:

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1
...
This involves
conducting interviews, surveys, and observations to
understand user needs and business objectives
...
Analyzing requirements: Once the requirements are
gathered, System Analysts analyze them to identify
the specific features and functions that the system
must have
...

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They create
system specifications, develop prototypes, and
design the user interface
...
Developing solutions: System Analysts work with
developers to build and test the system
...

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They may

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conduct unit tests, integration tests, and system
tests to ensure that the system is working correctly
...
Implementing solutions: System Analysts oversee
the deployment and implementation of the system
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They may monitor system
performance, fix bugs, and make updates or
modifications as necessary
...
It is the point at
which the System Analysts work with the end-users to
ensure that the system meets their needs and
expectations
...
Understanding user requirements: The first step in
the Analyst/User Interface is to understand the
user's requirements
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This specification includes information
on the user's needs, as well as any constraints that
may exist
...
Reviewing requirements with users: The next step is
to review the requirements specification with the
users to ensure that it accurately reflects their needs
and expectations
...

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This may involve conducting
testing, simulations, or other forms of validation to
ensure that the system meets the user's needs
...
Communicating changes to users: Throughout the
System Analysis and Design process, it is important
to keep the users informed of any changes or
updates to the system
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...
This may involve
providing training, support, or other forms of
assistance to help the users adapt to the new
system
...
It
involves the process of identifying, analyzing, and
defining the scope of the system to be developed
...

The System Planning and Initial Investigation phase
consists of the following activities:
1
...
This may involve conducting

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interviews with stakeholders, reviewing existing
documentation, or other forms of research
...
Conduct a feasibility study: Once the problem or
opportunity has been identified, a feasibility study is
conducted to determine whether the system is
feasible
...

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...
This involves identifying the system's
objectives, functions, constraints, and deliverables
...
Formulate alternative solutions: Once the scope of
the system has been defined, alternative solutions
are formulated
...

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The best
solution is selected based on the evaluation
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Develop a project plan: A project plan is developed
that outlines the activities, timelines, resources, and
costs required to develop the system
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7
...
Once
approved, the project can move to the next phase of
the SDLC

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