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Title: Chemical Reactions and Equations
Description: Chemical Reactions and Equations Learning Goals: Chemical Reaction Reactant & Product Chemical Equation Chemical Reaction: The transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance is known as Chemical Reaction. For example: rusting of iron, setting of milk into curd, digestion of food, respiration, etc. In chemical reaction new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance, so in a chemical reaction chemical change takes place. Signs of Chemical Reaction Change of state of substance Change of colour of substance Evolution of heat Absorption of heat Evolution of gas Evolution of light Evolution of sound, etc. Reactant and Product: Reactant: Substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants. Product: New substance formed after a chemical reaction is called product. Chemical Equation: Representation of chemical reaction using symbols of substances is called chemical equation. Example: A + B ⇨ C + D In this equation, A and B are called reactants and C and D are called the products. Arrow shows the direction of chemical reaction. Condition, if any, is written generally above the arrow. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen, it gives water. This reaction can be represented by following chemical equation. Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇨ Water H2 + O2 ⇨ H2O In first equation words are used and in second symbols of substances are used to write the chemical equation. For convenience, symbol of substance is used to represent chemical equations. Chemical Equation is a way to represent the chemical reaction in concise and informative way. Chemical equation can be divided into two types – Balanced Chemical Equation and Unbalanced Chemical Equation. Balanced Chemical Equation: A balanced chemical equation has number atoms of each element equal on both sides. Example: Zn + H2SO4 ⇨ ZnSO4 + H2 In this equation, numbers of zinc, hydrogen and sulphate are equal on both sides, so it is a balanced chemical equation. According to Law of Conservation of Mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. To obey this law, the total mass of elements present in reactants must be equal to the total mass of elements present in products. Unbalanced Chemical Equation: If the number of atoms of each element in reactants is not equal to the number of atoms of each element present in product, then the chemical equation is called unbalanced chemical equation. Example: Fe + H2O ⇨ Fe3O4 + H2 In this example number atoms of elements are not equal on two sides of the reaction. For example, on the left hand side only one iron atom is present, while three iron atoms are present on the right hand side. Therefore, it is an unbalanced chemical equation.
Description: Chemical Reactions and Equations Learning Goals: Chemical Reaction Reactant & Product Chemical Equation Chemical Reaction: The transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance is known as Chemical Reaction. For example: rusting of iron, setting of milk into curd, digestion of food, respiration, etc. In chemical reaction new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance, so in a chemical reaction chemical change takes place. Signs of Chemical Reaction Change of state of substance Change of colour of substance Evolution of heat Absorption of heat Evolution of gas Evolution of light Evolution of sound, etc. Reactant and Product: Reactant: Substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants. Product: New substance formed after a chemical reaction is called product. Chemical Equation: Representation of chemical reaction using symbols of substances is called chemical equation. Example: A + B ⇨ C + D In this equation, A and B are called reactants and C and D are called the products. Arrow shows the direction of chemical reaction. Condition, if any, is written generally above the arrow. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen, it gives water. This reaction can be represented by following chemical equation. Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇨ Water H2 + O2 ⇨ H2O In first equation words are used and in second symbols of substances are used to write the chemical equation. For convenience, symbol of substance is used to represent chemical equations. Chemical Equation is a way to represent the chemical reaction in concise and informative way. Chemical equation can be divided into two types – Balanced Chemical Equation and Unbalanced Chemical Equation. Balanced Chemical Equation: A balanced chemical equation has number atoms of each element equal on both sides. Example: Zn + H2SO4 ⇨ ZnSO4 + H2 In this equation, numbers of zinc, hydrogen and sulphate are equal on both sides, so it is a balanced chemical equation. According to Law of Conservation of Mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. To obey this law, the total mass of elements present in reactants must be equal to the total mass of elements present in products. Unbalanced Chemical Equation: If the number of atoms of each element in reactants is not equal to the number of atoms of each element present in product, then the chemical equation is called unbalanced chemical equation. Example: Fe + H2O ⇨ Fe3O4 + H2 In this example number atoms of elements are not equal on two sides of the reaction. For example, on the left hand side only one iron atom is present, while three iron atoms are present on the right hand side. Therefore, it is an unbalanced chemical equation.
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Chemical Reactions and Equations
In a chemical reaction, at least one of the following will occur:
Change in state
Change in colour
Evolution of a gas
Change in temperature
Balanced chemical equation
Reactants → Products
LHS
RHS
Total number of atoms on the LHS = Total number of atoms on the RHS
How to balance an equation
Write reactants and products
Balance the max
...
Examples
Exothermic reaction – Heat gets released in the reaction
...
For example,
Endothermic reaction – Heat is absorbed in the reaction
...
For example,
Decomposition reaction
A single reactant breaks into several simple products
...
Displacement reactions:
In displacement reactions, a more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal
from their compounds in aqueous solutions
...
)
Example:
Copper Sulphate (CuSO4) + Zinc (Zn) → Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) + Copper (Cu)
(Blue)
(Colourless)
(Red)
Double displacement reaction
Exchange of ions occurs between two compounds
...
When an acid solution reacts with a base and the two exchange their respective ions,
such that only salt and water are products, then the reaction is called neutralisation
reaction
...
Oxidation →When a substance gains oxygen or looses hydrogen
Oxidation in everyday life
Corrosion – When a metal is oxidised by action of air and moisture [that’s why
metals are coated]
Rancidity – When fats and oils are oxidised, their smell and taste change [that’s why
food is kept in air-tight containers]
Reduction → When one substance loses oxygen or gains hydrogen
Redox – Oxidation–reduction reaction
Title: Chemical Reactions and Equations
Description: Chemical Reactions and Equations Learning Goals: Chemical Reaction Reactant & Product Chemical Equation Chemical Reaction: The transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance is known as Chemical Reaction. For example: rusting of iron, setting of milk into curd, digestion of food, respiration, etc. In chemical reaction new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance, so in a chemical reaction chemical change takes place. Signs of Chemical Reaction Change of state of substance Change of colour of substance Evolution of heat Absorption of heat Evolution of gas Evolution of light Evolution of sound, etc. Reactant and Product: Reactant: Substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants. Product: New substance formed after a chemical reaction is called product. Chemical Equation: Representation of chemical reaction using symbols of substances is called chemical equation. Example: A + B ⇨ C + D In this equation, A and B are called reactants and C and D are called the products. Arrow shows the direction of chemical reaction. Condition, if any, is written generally above the arrow. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen, it gives water. This reaction can be represented by following chemical equation. Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇨ Water H2 + O2 ⇨ H2O In first equation words are used and in second symbols of substances are used to write the chemical equation. For convenience, symbol of substance is used to represent chemical equations. Chemical Equation is a way to represent the chemical reaction in concise and informative way. Chemical equation can be divided into two types – Balanced Chemical Equation and Unbalanced Chemical Equation. Balanced Chemical Equation: A balanced chemical equation has number atoms of each element equal on both sides. Example: Zn + H2SO4 ⇨ ZnSO4 + H2 In this equation, numbers of zinc, hydrogen and sulphate are equal on both sides, so it is a balanced chemical equation. According to Law of Conservation of Mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. To obey this law, the total mass of elements present in reactants must be equal to the total mass of elements present in products. Unbalanced Chemical Equation: If the number of atoms of each element in reactants is not equal to the number of atoms of each element present in product, then the chemical equation is called unbalanced chemical equation. Example: Fe + H2O ⇨ Fe3O4 + H2 In this example number atoms of elements are not equal on two sides of the reaction. For example, on the left hand side only one iron atom is present, while three iron atoms are present on the right hand side. Therefore, it is an unbalanced chemical equation.
Description: Chemical Reactions and Equations Learning Goals: Chemical Reaction Reactant & Product Chemical Equation Chemical Reaction: The transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance is known as Chemical Reaction. For example: rusting of iron, setting of milk into curd, digestion of food, respiration, etc. In chemical reaction new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance, so in a chemical reaction chemical change takes place. Signs of Chemical Reaction Change of state of substance Change of colour of substance Evolution of heat Absorption of heat Evolution of gas Evolution of light Evolution of sound, etc. Reactant and Product: Reactant: Substances which take part in a chemical reaction are called reactants. Product: New substance formed after a chemical reaction is called product. Chemical Equation: Representation of chemical reaction using symbols of substances is called chemical equation. Example: A + B ⇨ C + D In this equation, A and B are called reactants and C and D are called the products. Arrow shows the direction of chemical reaction. Condition, if any, is written generally above the arrow. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen, it gives water. This reaction can be represented by following chemical equation. Hydrogen + Oxygen ⇨ Water H2 + O2 ⇨ H2O In first equation words are used and in second symbols of substances are used to write the chemical equation. For convenience, symbol of substance is used to represent chemical equations. Chemical Equation is a way to represent the chemical reaction in concise and informative way. Chemical equation can be divided into two types – Balanced Chemical Equation and Unbalanced Chemical Equation. Balanced Chemical Equation: A balanced chemical equation has number atoms of each element equal on both sides. Example: Zn + H2SO4 ⇨ ZnSO4 + H2 In this equation, numbers of zinc, hydrogen and sulphate are equal on both sides, so it is a balanced chemical equation. According to Law of Conservation of Mass, mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. To obey this law, the total mass of elements present in reactants must be equal to the total mass of elements present in products. Unbalanced Chemical Equation: If the number of atoms of each element in reactants is not equal to the number of atoms of each element present in product, then the chemical equation is called unbalanced chemical equation. Example: Fe + H2O ⇨ Fe3O4 + H2 In this example number atoms of elements are not equal on two sides of the reaction. For example, on the left hand side only one iron atom is present, while three iron atoms are present on the right hand side. Therefore, it is an unbalanced chemical equation.