Notesale: Turn your study into money

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All the objects around you, this book, your pen or pencil and things of nature such as
rocks, water and plant constitute the matter of the universe
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Dalton, in 1808, proposed that matter was made up of extremely small, indivisible
particles called atoms
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This concept
was accepted for number of years
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Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed
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Atom is the smallest particle of an element which takes part in a chemical reaction
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Atoms of different elements have different mass, shape and size
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However, the researches done by various eminent scientists and the discovery of
radioactivity have established beyond doubt, that atom is not the smallest indivisible
particle but had a complex structure of its own and was made up of still smaller
particles like electrons, protons, neutrons etc
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We shall now take up the brief study of these fundamental particles
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J
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The e/m ratio for cathode rays is fixed whose values is 1
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This was confirmed
by Goldstein in his discharge tube experiment with perforated cathode
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These anode rays (canal rays) consisted of positively charged particles
formed by ionization of gas molecules by the cathode rays
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These positively charged particles are called protons
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The positive particles
are positive residues of the gas left when the gas is ionized
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Characteristics of the three fundamental particles are:

The atomic mass unit (amu) is 1/12 of the mass of an individual atom of 6C12, i
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,
1
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The neutron and proton have approximately equal masses of 1 amu and the electron
is about 1836 times lighter, its mass can sometimes be neglected as an
approximation
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