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Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion

Johannes Kepler formulated three laws that describe the motion of the planets
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Each planet revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun at one
of the centers of the ellipse
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The motion of the planet varies such that the radius vector drawn from
the Sun to the planet covers equal areas at equal times
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The direction of force is along the line
joining the particles
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• Important Characteristics of Gravitational Force

(i) Gravitational force between two bodies is a centripetal force i
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it acts along the line joining
the centers of the two interacting bodies
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(iii) The force of gravity between two bodies does not depend on the presence of other bodies
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(v) The magnitude of the force is very small
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e
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(a) Effect of Altitude
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If the value of acceleration due to gravity at a height h from the
surface of the earth is gh, then

• Intensity of Gravitational Field
The gravitational field intensity of a body at a point in the field is defined as the force
experienced by a body of unit mass placed at that point, provided that the presence of the unit
mass does not disturb the original gravitational field

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