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Title: basics of programming fundamentals
Description: Our programming fundamentals basics lecture notes are the perfect resource for anyone who wants to learn the basics of programming. These notes cover all the essential topics you need to get started, from variables and data types to loops and functions. They are designed to be clear and concise, making it easy for you to understand and apply the concepts in your own coding projects. Whether you're a beginner or just looking to refresh your programming skills, these lecture notes are the ideal starting point. Invest in your programming education today with our high-quality lecture notes...
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Lec 2
...
It involves understanding programming
fundamentals to create programs and work with programming languages,
operators, decision making, and files
...
Let's look at an example program:
#include
namespace std;

using
int main() {

//body of the program

return 0;

}

The program includes the header file iostream and defines the main function,
which returns an integer
...

For decision making, we use the if condition
...
We encapsulate a portion of code
within a function and call it multiple times within the primary function
...
The use of
void represents that the function returns nothing
...
The resulting output of our code displays the values
one, two, three, and four as we use a while loop to repeatedly display the
value of a
...
When declaring an
integer array, we use the integer on the left side
...
To denote a pointer, we use the static symbol, such as
static p, making p a pointer, not a simple variable
...

Practicing the major building blocks of programming is essential for mastery
...
As a programmer, it is recommended to
practice these concepts repeatedly with the aid of a compiler
...
2 | Programming Fundamentals | If Else
Statements | Decision making in C++
Muhammad Talha Amjad

Introduction
We have been playing beer brewers and now we're back
...
We manage the staples where we do the cord and body/f want norm
mix giving names via display and webbing the lex must be cross and els okay
...
For the snow, the
Norwegian execution of this program is to see who has won
...
Display the interior language and try to
think user-have the link person radio okay zaboo real user me
...


Lec 2
...
If the condition is true, the code within the "if" statement will be executed
...

For example, let's say we have two integer variables, "a" and "b"
...
If the user enters the value "8" for both "a" and "b", the condition
within the "if" statement will be true and the program will print "Both are equal"
...


Lec 2
...
In this case, we will use the while loop and set the statement to
"i<=4"
...
Then, we will increment "i" by 1
to make its value 2
...
In this case, "tst" will be displayed
...




The value of "i" is now 4, which is still less than or equal to four, so the code inside the loop is
executed again, displaying "tst" a third time
...


By using this dry run, you can better understand how the while loop works
...
5 | Programming Fundamentals | Loops in C++ |
While | Do While | For
Muhammad Talha Amjad

Introduction to Looping Structures
Looping structures are frequently used in programming for repeating a
statement or output multiple times in a sequence, based on a set condition or
until certain criteria are met
...

There are various types of loops available such as for loops, while loops, and
do-while loops
...

For example, consider the following code:
while(condition){ //statements to execute }
In this loop, the statements within the curly braces will execute repeatedly as
long as the condition remains true
...

A for loop typically includes an initialization of a counter variable, a test for a
condition, and an update of the counter variable within the loop
...

Conclusion
Loops are an essential tool for any programmer to efficiently perform
repetitive tasks
...

When it comes to experts and crews for Discord, attention to detail and clear
communication are key
...
In terms of social media,
following and engaging with others in the community is crucial
...


Lec 2
...
It is a
combination of variables or multiple values with the same data type
...



If the length of array is 5, the indexes will be 0 to 4
...




If we access a[1], the value 8 will be displayed
...


The values in the given array are 2, 8, 5, 9 and 3
...


Code Example
Below is the example code of this solution:
int a[] = {2, 8, 5, 9, 3}; // initializing an array with
valuesfor (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // accessing values using
for loop

cout << a[i] << " "; // displaying values}

Changed Code Example
Now, let's change the value of element at index 2 to 4 and use a decrement operator to access the
array values
...
Here, a[3] has the value of 8 and a[0] has the value of
3
...
The value of the "max" variable will be displayed here, making it

easier to work with arrays and manage multiple elements with the same type
...


Title: basics of programming fundamentals
Description: Our programming fundamentals basics lecture notes are the perfect resource for anyone who wants to learn the basics of programming. These notes cover all the essential topics you need to get started, from variables and data types to loops and functions. They are designed to be clear and concise, making it easy for you to understand and apply the concepts in your own coding projects. Whether you're a beginner or just looking to refresh your programming skills, these lecture notes are the ideal starting point. Invest in your programming education today with our high-quality lecture notes...
Buy These NotesPreview