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Important Discoveries & Scientists
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1590 Invention of the first microscope by Jenssen and Zacharis Jenssen

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1665 Discovery of the cellular structure (cells) in cork : Robert Hooke

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1675 Anatomia Plantarum : Book by Marcello Malpighi
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1694 Camerarius described sexual reproduction of plants and importance of
pollination
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1753 Species Plantarum and Genera Plantarum books (Linnaeus) Carl Van Linnae
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1759 C
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Wolff established embryology, gave 'epigenesis' concept
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1779 Discovery of photosynthesis : Jan Ingenhousz
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1802 Lamarck and Treviranus proposed the term 'Biology'
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B
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Theory of inheritance of acquired characters 'philosophie
zoolozique' book,use and disuse concept
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Theory of natural selection and survival of fittest influenced by Malthus
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Caventon, discovery and naming of chlorophyll
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J
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J
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E
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R
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1839 G
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Mulder : Named proteins
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J
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Schwann
(Zoologist)
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1840 Mineral nutrition of plants, established overthrow of the humus theory : Justus
Von Liebig
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Mayer : Light energy changed to chemical energy in photosynthesis
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1845 Law of conservation of energy : Julius Robert Von Mayer
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Nageli
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1858 , 'Omnis cellula e cellula' (cells originate from pre-existing cells) R
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1859 C
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Darwin : Theory of Natural Selection, 'Origin of species' book
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1862 A
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George Bentham
together with Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker
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Pasteur : Proposed germ theory of diseases
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Haeckel
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1866 G
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Mendel Austrian monk : Laws of inheritance (Heredity)
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1868 T
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Huxley : Protoplasm as the physical basis of life
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Meischer
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His invented microtome
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Strasburger observed cell division and nuclear division
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1876 Identification of the Anthrax bacillus as a pathogen of cattles : Robert Koch
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Lister : obtained pure cultures of bacteria for the first time
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Kuhne coined the term 'enzymes' for 'ferment' of yeast
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Flemming, described chromosome splitting used the word
'mitosis'
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Strasburger : Observed fertilization and cell division in plants, used terms
cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
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1888 'Chromosome' name W
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Boveri
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Iwanowski (Russian) discovered T
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V
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1892 A
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1892 D
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1895 Dixon and Jolly advocated cohesion tension theory for ascent of sap
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Benda
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Buchner named 'Zymase' the enzymes of yeast
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G
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1898 Camilio Golgi discovered golgi apparatus in nerve cell of owl
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1899 Adolf Engler and K
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1900 Rediscovery of Mendel's laws : Erich Tschermak; Carl Correns and Hugo de
Vries
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E
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1902 'Chromosome theory

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1904 Blakeslee : Discovered 'heterothallism' in Mucor
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Bateson : Coined the term 'genetics'
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1905 Name 'meiosis' : Farmer and Moore
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L
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M
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1915 Twort and d' Herelle : Bacteriophage discovery

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1920 Garner and Allard : work on Photoperiodism
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C
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1924 Feulgen and H
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1924 Oparin : Origin of life, materialistic theory
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Svedberg : Invented ultra–centrifuge (Nobel Prize)
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1928 Griffith : Transformation in pneumococcus bacteria
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Fleming : Discovered Pencillin antibiotic from Penicillium notatum
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1931 O
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Warburg : Respiratory pigments and enzymes (Nobel Prize)
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1932 Electron microscope discovery : M
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Ruska
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H
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1934 Kogl and Haagen Smit isolated IAA from human urine
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1935 James Danielli and H
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1935 Tensley : Ecosystem term given
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M
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

1937 Hans Krebs explained citric acid cycle
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1941 Ruben and Kamen : Used isotopes to prove photolysis of water in
photosynthesis
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1944 Avery, Mcleod, McCarthy proved DNA genetic material
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Waksman : Streptomycin, used term antibiotic (Nobel Prize)
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B
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1946 J
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Northorp and W
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Stanley : Enzymes and virus proteins purified
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J
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1946 Lederberg and Tatum : First indication of sexuality in bacteria
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H
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Wilkins : X-ray diffraction studies of DNA
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1953 H
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Kreb's : 'Citric acid cycle' (Nobel Prize)
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D
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H
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Crick and Wilkins gave DNA model and shared Nobel Prize
1962
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A
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1953 Transduction in bacteria : Zinder and Lederberg
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E
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1955 Christian de Duve discovered lysosomes and coined the term
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1956 S

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