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Title: Biology Notes made from the syllabus
Description: Hey guys, I'm a former IGCSE student. With years of preparation, I've made a compilation of most common IGCSE biology question. I can guarantee you that, if not all, many of the questions in your biology theory exam will come from this pdf. I've also made notes for biology from the syllabus itself. So, there is no chance that you'll miss anything. It contains every intricate detail you need to know. I've also made a list of definitions that have been asked in the past papers.

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Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above


Cambridge IGCSE™

* 1 8 6 2 2 6 2 8 5 3 *

COMPUTER SCIENCE
Paper 1 Computer Systems

0478/12
February/March 2023
1 hour 45 minutes

You must answer on the question paper
...

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer all questions
...
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs
...


Write your answer to each question in the space provided
...


Do not write on any bar codes
...

INFORMATION

The total mark for this paper is 75
...


No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware
...
Any blank pages are indicated
...
Spyware is one example of malware
...

A

Software that activates a webcam and transmits the video to a third party
that outputs it live on a website
...


C

Software that records all data entered into a computer, analyses this data
to find email addresses and passwords, then posts these to a website
...

[1]

(b) Complete the table by identifying and describing two other examples of malware
...


1


...



...


...



...


...


...


...

Identify two similarities and one difference between proxy‑servers and firewalls
...


...

Similarity 2
...


...


...

[3]

© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23

[Turn over

4
2

A programmer has designed a three‑dimensional (3D) interactive computer game
...
The program needs to run efficiently, but it must also be
developed as soon as possible
...

Explain the reasons for your choice
...


...


...


...


...

Describe the operation of a compiler and of an interpreter
...


...


...


...


...

(a) Data storage is measured using binary denominations
...

8 bytes =
...
mebibytes (MiB)
4 gibibytes (GiB) =
...
pebibytes (PiB)
Working space

[4]


...


...

(b) Random access memory (RAM) is an example of primary storage
...

1
...

3
...


...


...
[2]

© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23

[Turn over

6
4

A wildlife photographer stores their digital images on a computer
...

Image term

Definition

...


...

resolution


...

[2]

(b) One of the images has a resolution of 1000 × 1000 and a colour depth of 2 bytes
...
Give your answer in bytes
...

Working space
...


...

File size
...

Complete the description of solid‑state storage
...

Some of the terms in the list will not be used
...

binary
non‑volatile

denary
RAM

electrons
star

grid

transistors

neutrons
virtual

volatile

Solid‑state storage is
...

Solid‑state storage is made of
...

Gates are used to control the flow of the
...
This changes the data in the transistors from 1 to 0, or from 0 to 1
...

Give one reason why a file is compressed
...


...

Computer A sends a request for the homepage to the website’s server
...

The structure of a packet of data has three elements
...

(i)

Identify two items of data contained in a packet header
...

2
...

1
...

[2]

© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23

9
(b) Computer A needs to be directly connected to a router that is located in a different room
...

Explain the reasons for your choice
...


...


...


...

Define full‑duplex data transmission
...


...


...

(i)

The bytes need to be sent using an even parity byte check
...

Parity
bit
Byte A

1

1

0

0

0

1

1

Byte B

0

0

0

0

0

0

0
[2]

(ii)

A parity block check can be used instead of a parity byte check
...


...


...
[2]

© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23

11
(iii)

The data was sent using an even parity block check
...

Parity
bit

Bit 1

Bit 2

Bit 3

Bit 4

Bit 5

Bit 6

Bit 7

Byte 0

1

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

Byte 1

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

Byte 2

1

0

1

1

0

0

0

1

Byte 3

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

1

Byte 4

1

0

1

0

0

0

1

0

Byte 5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Byte 6

0

1

1

1

1

0

0

0

Parity
byte

0

1

1

0

1

0

1

0

Identify the bit number and the byte number of the incorrect bit
...

Byte number
...
The website
is accessed and displayed using a web browser
...

Identify two other functions of a web browser
...

2
...

1
...

2
...

[2]

© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23

13
6

A company is involved in robotics
...

(a) The table gives some of the movements for the robot
...

Movement
forward 1 step

Binary

Denary

00011111

31

back 1 step
turn right

140
01011010

turn left

Hexadecimal

8C
5A

120

78
[4]

Working space

...


...


...

(b) Describe what is meant by robotics
...


...


...

The robot will move forward continuously until it detects an object that is less than or equal to
10 cm in front of it
...
It then
tries to move forward again
...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...
[7]

© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23

15
(d) The robot needs to find its way through different puzzles
...
The puzzle contains
dead ends and obstacles, so the robot needs to decide which way to go
...

(i)

Describe the characteristics of AI
...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...
[4]

© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23

16
BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible
...

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet
...
cambridgeinternational
...

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment
...


© UCLES 2023

0478/12/F/M/23


Title: Biology Notes made from the syllabus
Description: Hey guys, I'm a former IGCSE student. With years of preparation, I've made a compilation of most common IGCSE biology question. I can guarantee you that, if not all, many of the questions in your biology theory exam will come from this pdf. I've also made notes for biology from the syllabus itself. So, there is no chance that you'll miss anything. It contains every intricate detail you need to know. I've also made a list of definitions that have been asked in the past papers.