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Title: Chemical warfare
Description: This note summarizes the toxicological mechanisms and management of chemical warfare toxicity
Description: This note summarizes the toxicological mechanisms and management of chemical warfare toxicity
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Chemical warfare
They 're:
* Blister agent
* Choking agents
* Blood agents
* Nerve agents
1) Blistering agents:
* They're chemical compounds that cause severe skin, eye & mucosal
irritations→ painful water blisters
Examples:
* sulfur mustard→ it's called mustard gas (colorless gas that smells like
mustard, or garlic odor)
* N- mustard
* Lewisite→ is an early blister agent that was developed during WWI
...
* dyspnea, tachypnea & hemoptysis
...
* wash the exposed area & ABCs
...
2) Choking agents:
* They are chemicals that impede a victim's ability to breathe
...
passages→ suffocation
...
o
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* Phosgene gas: - The most dangerous commonly used pulmonary agent
- Colorless gas under ordinary conditions
...
4 times > air
- Cause a massive pulmonary edema which reaches maximum
symptoms on 12 hrs after exposure followed by death within
24-48 hrs
...
Complications:* corrosive on the eye→ blurred vision & deep burns
* Coughing, chest pain, & tightness & resp
...
3) Blood agents:
* They're agents has a hematotoxic (cytotoxic effect)
...
* Cyanide gas can absorbed through inhalation or in the liquid form can be
swallowed accidently or intentionally
...
* Cyanide rapidly combines with cytochrome oxidase complex→ inhibition→
prevent aerobic resp
...
Complications:* Heart & CNS are the most susceptible organs
...
* Cessation of resp
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Treatment:* First→ IV amyl nitrate which causes dissociation of bound cyanide from
cytochrome A3 & frees the enzyme to produce ATP again→
cyanomethemoglobin (non toxic)
...
* Second→ Sodium thiosulfate, it converts cyanide to thiocyanate→ renal exc
...
- Should be diagnosed before using cobalt due to inherent
toxicity of cobalt
...
How to survive a gas attack:
1) Know the prop
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2) Move quickly into area with a clean air to minimize exposure
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4) Remove all clothing that may have been exposed to gas, not let the clothes
touch your face or head, then seal the clothes into plastic bags
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N
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6) call for emergency services
Title: Chemical warfare
Description: This note summarizes the toxicological mechanisms and management of chemical warfare toxicity
Description: This note summarizes the toxicological mechanisms and management of chemical warfare toxicity