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Drugs acting on the Cardiovascular
System
The cardiovascular system
(your heart and blood
vessels) supplies your
body's organs with oxygen
and nutrients so your
organs can do their jobs
...

• Pulmonary circulation
allows for the
oxygenation of the
blood, and systemic
circulation provides for
oxygenated blood and
nutrients to reach the
rest of the body
...


Anti-Arrythmic Drugs

Anti-arrhythmic Drugs: Quinidine sulphate,
Procainamide hydrochloride, Disopyramide
phosphate*, Phenytoin sodium, Lidocaine
hydrochloride, Tocainide hydrochloride,
Mexiletine hydrochloride, Lorcainide
hydrochloride, Amiodarone, Sotalol
• Anti-hyperlipidemic agents:
• Clofibrate, Lovastatin, Cholesteramine and Cholestipol
Coagulant & Anticoagulants:
• Menadione, Acetomenadione, Warfarin*, Anisindione,
clopidogrel
• Drugs used in Congestive Heart Failure:
• Digoxin, Digitoxin, Nesiritide, Bosentan, Tezosenta

Quinidine sulphate
• Quinidine sulphate is used to treat certain types of
irregular heartbeats
...

• class I antiarrhythmic agents, quinidine primarily
works by blocking the fast inward sodium current (INa)
...

• This means at higher heart rates, the block increases,
while at lower heart rates, the block decreases
...

• It is odorless and has a persistent bitter taste
...


Uses:• Quinidine should be used only after
alternative measures have been found
to be inadequate
...

• Quinidine is also used to treat short QT
syndrome
...


Stability and storage:• It is should be stored at 15 and 30 temp
...

Pharmaceutical formulation:• Quinidine sulphate Tablets,injection,liquid
Brand Name:• Nuedexta, Natcardine Quinaglute

PROCAINAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
• Procainamide is a class 1a (voltage-gated Na+
channel blockers) anIt is the amide bio- isostere
of local
• Because of its amide structure, procainamide is
chemical hydrolysis
...

Physical properties:• White or yellowish crystalline powder
...


Mechanism of action
• Procainamide hydrochloride has mechanism of
action similar to that of quinidine
...

• The result is a decrease in automaticity, increase
in refractory period and slowing of
• impulse conduction

USES:• Procainamide is used for treating
ventricular arrhythmias:
ventricular ectopy and tachycardia and
supraventricular arrhythmias: atrial fibrillation, and reentrant and automatic supraventricular tachycardia
...

Stability and storage:• It should be stored in a air tight light resistant
container
...


VERAPAMIL

• Verapamil is in a class of medications called calciumchannel blockers
...

• It also increases the supply of blood and oxygen to
the heart and slows electrical activity in the heart to
control the heart rate
...

Physical properties :• Verapamil hydrochloride is white, crystalline ,powder odourless,
• soluble in water
Stability and storage:It should be stored in a air tight light resistant
container
...

Uses:Verapamil is used to prevent chest pain caused by angina as well as irregular heart
rhythms (arrhythmias)
...

If you have high blood pressure, taking verapamil helps to prevent: future heart
disease
...

Prolong release verapamil tab
...


Phenytoin
• Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the
brand name Dilantin
...

• It is useful for the prevention of
tonic-clonic seizures (also known as
grand mal seizures) and focal
seizures, but not absence seizures
...

• It may also be used for certain heart
arrhythmias or neuropathic pain
...

• The intravenous form generally
begins working within 30 minutes
and is effective for roughly 24 hours
...


Side effects of phenytoin
•Headaches
...

•Feeling drowsy, sleepy or dizzy
...

•Feeling nervous, unsteady or shaky
...

•Constipation
...

Physical properties :• white, crystalline ,powder
• odourless
• soluble in water
...

• It is a hygroscopic nature
...

capsule, BP
...

Uses:- Phenytoin is a medication used in Phenytoin
Phenytoin Injection BP IP
...
It is in
the anticonvulsants class of drugs
...

• It is used for regional nerve blocks
and in filtrative administration of
anaesthesia
...


Description
...

• Odourless
...
Soluble in 0
...
5 parts of ethanol (~750 g/l)
TS;
• Practically insoluble in ether
...
2002
...

• It is also used to numb the lining of the mouth, throat, or nose before certain
medical procedures (such as intubation)
Side Effects
Pharmaceutical formulation: Lidocaine ointment,BP
...

 Lidocaine gel,IP
...

Brand Name:• Resocain inj
...


• Bluish-colored lips, fingernails, or palms
blurred or double vision
...

• cold, clammy, pale skin
...

• difficulty breathing
...

• dizziness or lightheadedness
...

 This includes ventricular tachycardia (VT),
ventricular fibrillation (VF), and wide complex
tachycardia, as well as atrial fibrillation and
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
...

 It can be given by mouth, intravenously
...


Physical Properties
 (Amiodarone HCl) White to cream-colored
crystalline powder, possessing 37
...

 melting point: 156 °C

Sability and Storage:• The admixtures of amiodarone in the two IV
fluids were found to be stable for 32 days
when refrigerated (5 °C) , and also at room
temperature (25 °C)
...

• Amiodarone is in a class of medications
called antiarrhythmics
...

• Amiodarone tablets , IP
...

Brand Name:• amidox, cardarone,pacerone
...

• It's used to treat atrial fibrillation and other
conditions that cause an irregular heartbeat
(arrhythmia)
...
It comes as tablets
...


Physical properties:





White or yellowish crystalline powder
...


Storage:• Store sotalol at 77°F (25°C)
...

• Store sotalol AF at a temperature between 68°F and 77°F (20°C
and 25°C)
...

• It's used to treat atrial fibrillation and
other conditions that cause an irregular
heartbeat (arrhythmia)
...

Pharmaceutical formulation:Sotalol tablets
...


Anti-hypertensives Agents
Introduction:Anti-hypertensives are a class of drugs
that are used to treat hypertension (high
blood pressure)
...


Advantages of Anti-hypertensives:Blood pressure medications help many people
lower their high blood pressure and keep
their hearts from becoming overworked
...


Common side effects of medicines include:
 Cough
...

 Dizziness or lightheadedness
...

 Feeling nervous
...

 Headache
...


Best Diet to Prevent hypertension
• The DASH diet is a healthy-eating plan
designed to help treat or prevent high
blood pressure (hypertension)
...

• These nutrients help control blood
pressure
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