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Cracking of Petroleum
● Definition:
There are two different ways to define cracking
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”

OR
“Cracking is the use of heat and a catalyst to transform less volatile higher hydrocarbons into
more volatile lower hydrocarbons
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This represents a
relatively minor portion of the global petrol use
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Kerosene oil makes up the majority of these higher alkanes
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● Nature of Products:
The following variables affect the type of products that are produced from the supplied
substance
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The composition of hydrocarbons
2
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Catalyst type used in cracking

● Types of Cracking:
1
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Catalytic Cracking
3
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Thermal Cracking:
By applying pressure and heat, this cracking is accomplished
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The petrol and fractions can be separated in this manner
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The liquid phase is maintained at a pressure of 7–70 atmospheres and a craking temperature of
470–530 °C
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5-10
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2
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The atmosphere has a low pressure and
temperature
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Aluminium silicates are produced when these two substances are combined
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This is how higher-quality petrol is
obtained
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Steam Cracking:
Higher hydrocarbons are vaporized and combined with steam in this process
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Then it quickly cools
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● Applications:
The cracking is relevant in the following applications
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Gasoline preparation:
Cracking produces more than 50% of the fuel
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2
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Kerosene oil is cracked by dropping it over a red-hot iron retort to produce oil gas
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Petrol gas preparation:
The process of breaking petrol involves putting petrol through electrically heated coils
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These polymers may be
petroleum-based polymers
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1
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3
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5
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7

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