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Righteous Dopefiends Study Guide
Chapters 1,2, and 5

Book report outline :
Tina is one of the most important characters in Righteous Dopefiend
...

Make sure to include the notions of physical, structural, and symbolic violence in your
discussion
...

Your book report must be 2-3 pages long (excluding the references), typed (word-processed) in
12-point font (Times New Roman) and double- or 1½-spaced with page numbers at the bottom
...
Provide
full references for all literature cited, including those on our syllabus (for example, when
using the notion “symbolic violence” you are expected to cite Bourdieu’s article and, possibly,
the lecture)
...

I’ve compiled some examples of Race, Gender and Class inequalities from our assigned reading
chapters to help you get started on your essays
...

These chapters are so full of examples that it would be hard to highlight them all, but some key
examples of each kind of violence and discrimination are highlighted on this docutment
...
Find the quotes in the book and double check to make sure
you are getting the full quote
...

Highlights are color coded to help you find quotes or pages that will be relevant to your claims,
or you can use these colors to organize your thoughts :
Gender Violence / Racism / Class divisions /
Systemic / Symbolic / Physical violence

Introduction : A Theory Abuse
P
...
” (Page 6)
...
” (Page 4)
...
Anthropological work with the Edgewater Homeless
a
...
” (Page 5)
...
“Our challenge is to portray the full details of the agony and the ecstasy of
surviving on the street as a heroin injector without beatifying or making a
spectacle of the individuals involved, and without reifying the larger forces
enveloping them
...

c
...
We
worried about distorting our relationships by becoming patrons and buying
friendship to obtain our research data
...
” (Page 6)
...
“We had to learn, therefore, not to take their petty financial manipulations
personally, and to refrain from judging them morally
...
” (Page 6)
...
1 p
...
1 - Intimate Apartheid

This chapter goes into the racial tensions and divides between the Edgewater homeless
...

Chapter 1 Sections / Subheadings
Ethnic Hierarchies on the Street
Addiction does not erase ethnic divides, instead it exacerbates them
...
This causes
racism and discribimation both within Edegwater and from outside observers
...
”
(Page 30)
...
”
(Page 42)
...

Summary : After Hogan left due to harassment and bullying from Reggie (one of the newer,
black residents) Hogan left and moved to Dockside
...

“Scotty and Petey, the Island Boys, who had emerged as the steadiest retail heroin sellers on the
boulevard, moved to Hogan’s camp but placed their mattress on drier ground, slightly higher up the
embankment
...
He obtained a beat up motor home and parked it up the
hill, on the same block where he had lived as a teenager
...
(Page 36)
...
Frank stayed in the camp but moved his possessions ten
meters farther up the embankment
...


Major Themes
1
...
“If you notice, it’s real racial
...
And I
live right in the middle, by myself
...
So I’m alone
...
I don’t have nothin’
here
...

i
...
”
ii
...
” “ (Page 37)
...
“A week later, he moved into the white camp full time and slid back into
his former honorary white status
...

b
...
An
early set of fieldnotes reveals how rapidly we had to learn the meaning of our skin
color in this scene
...
” (Page
29)
...
“Intimate apartheid (segregation) manifests itself explicitly in the special
demarcations the Edgewater homeless drew between blacks and whites in their
encampments
...
” (Page 42)
...
Al is the only white man to live in the all black homeless encampment - “Al
referred to himself as having “black friends” but continued to treat racism against
African-Americans as self-evident and acceptable
...

i
...
” (Page 43)
...
Homelessness - much of the homelessness for the addicts of Edgewater is more of a
decent than an overnight transition
...
“Hank was the first person we actually saw “become homeless
...

b
...
It began when he stopped contributing his share of rent and
food to his sister’s household
...
” (Page 32)
...
Within a week, Carter went from being an employed, housed, and
high-status giver in the moral economy to a quarrelsome taker
...
(Page 33)
...
Hogan’s homelessness/ homeless politics in San Francisco - “When the owner of
the Dockside complained, the police attempted a raid
...
Homelessness was not
technically illegal in San Francisco, but when an individual failed to appear in
court to pay a misdemeanor ticket, a bench warrant was automatically issued,
enabling the police to arrest that person
...

d
...
They got like gangs,
like cliques, you know, running the show, and the staff doesn’t know what’s going
on
...

3
...
“The men in our homeless network were middle-aged survivors who were
physically weakened by long-term daily drug and alcohol consumption
...
” (Page 31)
...
“Scared and depressed after this betrayal by his long-term running partner, Frank
entered a twenty-one-day methadone detox facility
...
He stabbed me right here [patting his heart]
...
” (Page 39)
...
Violence against women - Very few women lived in the homeless camps - “Life on the
street was more dangerous for women than men” (page 27-28)

a
...

i
...
”

ii
...
Victor picked her up by her 2 ponytails up to his
shoulder height
...
and
spit on [them]
...


iii
...
He clings to a discourse of responsible
patriarchy, buttressed by romance and evangelical faith
...


b
...
Before
leaving, Little Vic ordered his girlfriend to stay with Felix under the I-beam
...
Little
Vic’s girlfriend remained semi-catatonic next to Felix’s mattress, ignoring our
offers to help
...
Soon they
were smoking crack together and drinking malt liquor
...
” (Page 40)
...
Only One known Female Dealer - Carmon : “She carried a gun in her right
pocket, and when a coke rush made her paranoid, she would pull it out to bolster
her credibility as a woman dealer
...
It was rumored
that she had been killed “turning tricks on Capp Street,” but we did not dare verify
the details with Sal
...

5
...
Isolated in his new camp, Hogan tearfully told anyone who would listen that his
festering multiple abscesses were the result of AIDS
...
(Page
36)
...
2 - Falling in Love
P
...
I’ve been in
these damn streets all by myself a long time
...
I’ll let y’all know why I’m like this
...
” —Tina
(Page 48)
...

“Tina projected a persona of defiant lumpen femininity
...
She spent most of her time and
energy, however, in pursuit of crack, shoplifting from the stores on Edgewater Boulevard and throughout
the Mission District
...
” (Page 48)
...
” (Page 51)
...
She had grown up
surrounded by sex workers and pimps
...

“Seeking material compensation from men for sex emerges as the commonsense adaptation of a
vulnerable child struggling to decipher the turmoil among the men and women around her
...
”

(Page 53)
...
Pursuing domestic stability despite their
homelessness, they adopted a large black and brown dog and named him Freeway
...


Stabilizing into Homlessness
“Back in Jeff ’s car, Tina looked into the rearview mirror and took out her makeup kit
...
” (Page 73)
...
Both Carter and Tina denied
it, but everyone suspected it
...

Major Themes
1
...
The other homeless men treat Tina as a sexual object - Reggie especially is a
source of this violence towards Tina
...
“He (reggie) fantasized about “pimping” Tina
...
“Tina, for her part,
accepted Reggie’s treats of vodka and crack but responded to his sexual advances
with vehement curses
...

b
...
It appeared that she was setting the two men on a
collision course
...

c
...
Sometimes
courting her, other times being openly violent and threatening
...
They look at her as a bitch
...

d
...
Stretch
was especially misogynistic: She’s got the mentality of a man
...
He doesn’t keep her in check
...

2
...
“He [sonny] considered heroin injection inappropriate behavior “for a lady
...
” (Page 76)
...
“The subtle mechanisms of symbolic violence around appropriate gender
roles probably made Sonny oblivious to his manipulative
self-interest
...

ii
...
And whatever else it might lead a woman to do
...
Damn! Lay on your back just to get some dope
...


3
...
“Despite the chronic level of violence against women on the street, Tina
celebrated her femininity
...

She often pulled out a little compact, even in the candlelight, to apply lipstick, lip
liner, mascara, and concealer
...

b
...
One of her survival strategies was to cultivate a diverse set of
male “friends” willing to give her money, drugs, food, and other resources in
exchange for sex
...
” (Page 51)
...
“Tina seesawed between exhilaration over falling in love with Carter and
fear of becoming subservient to a man and losing her core
income-generating strategy
...

ii
...
I mean, he’d never know
...
Because I have to always look out for my damn self
...
” (Page 51)
...
“Tina’s instrumental relationships with men, even with those for whom she felt
affection, illustrates the complex continuum between altruism and instrumentality
that haunts all malefemale sexual relations and intimate feelings but becomes
more visible under conditions of urban poverty and masculine domination
...

d
...
She learned to mobilize her
sexuality and femininity with personal charisma
...

4
...
“Tina’s homeless version of the homebound bourgeois housewife did not endure
...
This deepened
their romance and was more consistent with Tina’s habitus forged in a childhood
of intermittent nurture and abuse by outlaw kin and neighbors
...

b
...
Violence is normalized as ethical
...
” (Page 68)
...
“A week later, Tina and Carter were the proud owners of a fifteen-year-old orange
and white Chinook camper
...
They
remained “in pocket” without having to scavenge or steal for another entire
month
...

d
...
Carter was outraged, relishing the opportunity to
display a “not-in-my backyard” homeowner role, complete with the patriarchal
detail of protecting his woman from scum
...


5
...
“To counter her obvious physical frailty, Tina regularly erupted into rages when
disrespected
...

i
...
I go off
...
I did wrong
...
” (Page 50)
...
After Reggie and Tina’s fight - “There was no longer a flirtatious undertone
between them
...
”
(Page 50)
...
“diverse range of routine survival imperatives, joys, and everyday violences that
the homeless encounter on any given day: fleeing law enforcement, losing shelter
and all their possessions, exchanging and demanding favors, scavenging from the
garbage, encountering bonanzas of useful junk, negotiating hostile social service
bureaucracies, dismissing public stigma, ignoring sexual and scatological

displays, anticipating potential assaultive violence, seeking legal employment,
and getting high repeatedly
...

d
...

Furthermore, she was taking a wide range of legal and illegal psychoactive drugs
during these early adolescent years
...


6
...
“A middle-aged woman Tina recognizes approaches us
...
After she leaves, Tina
explains, “She was looking out for me
...
” (Page
54)
...
Sexwork :
a
...
You call that man right now
...
She goes to school and blah, blah, blah
...
He say, ‘Here, this is your
bus fare for school for next week, and here is your lunch money
...
” (Page
55)
...
“Careful attention to Tina’s vocabulary also reveals how the standard distinctions
between rape, sex work, and consensual sex are inadequate to understand sex on
the streets and in homes that are dominated by unstable and often predatory men
and women
...

c
...
She distinguished herself from “ho’s,”
whom she defined as dependent on pimps
...

But then I knew I wasn’t no ho’ ’cause I wasn’t paying no man—no pimp
...

d
...
” (Page 60)
...
Trauma :

a
...
” (Page 60)
...
“My body’s precious to me
...
And I a
beautiful lady
...
”(Page 60)
...
5 - Making Money
P
...

Chapter 5 Sections / Subheadings

Structural Violence against the Poor
“Economists have shown statistically that high rents, high levels of income inequality, and low rental
vacancy rates are the three variables most consistently associated with elevated levels of homelessness in
any given city (Quigley et al
...
S
...
From the 1990s through the 2000s,
San Francisco County ranked number one in the nation with respect to all these variables” (Page 148)
...
” (Page 149)
...
SRO hotel units,
where the poorest of the poor have historically lived, were especially devastated
...
” (Page 149)
...

The structural adjustments caused by globalization were rendered even more disruptive by the historical
shift in the U
...
mode of governance away from rehabilitative social service provision toward punitive
containment
...

“Those who employed the homeless invariably believed that they were doing them a favor by offering
them work
...
”
(Page 155)
...

Rarely were more than two or three individuals in our network receiving public assistance checks or food
stamps at any given time
...
Few, however, managed to remain on
welfare for longer than a few months
...


“Al: Carter hid the blankets last month when Caltrans came
...
That was
nice
...
But I was late for
work yesterday so I left a sign: “Caltrans: I’m at work
...
” But they just cleared me out
...
”
(Page 164)
...
S
...
The industries that had formerly
employed the families of the Edgewater homeless disappeared from the Bay Area, effectively
transforming San Francisco into a pressure cooker for producing lumpenized social sectors
...
” (Page 149)
...
” (Page 152)
...
Some chased the homeless away whenever they caught them loitering on their
sidewalks
...
”
(Page 154)
...
Black homeless people had a significantly harder time finding work on the street
...
” (Page 159)
...

Some of the whites were also periodically 86’ed, but usually it was for being malodorous rather
than for being oppositional
...


Abusive Bosses
“Like most patron-client relationships across steep divides of power and vulnerability
(Scheper-Hughes 1992:98–127), the interface between homeless drug users and their employers
ambiguously spans conviviality, compassion, exploitation, and humiliation
...


Panhandling
“Passive begging was an income-generating option that the African-Americans actively shunned
...
Vietnam vet
...
”
“Although passersby were sometimes willing to contribute spare change to visibly needy whites on the
street, they rarely spontaneously gave alms to even the oldest, feeblest African-Americans on the
boulevard, because blacks were deemed intimidating or unworthy
...
”
(Page 167)
...
Flying a sign was especially lucrative on national holidays
...

“Most of the homeless whites subsisted primarily on the food given to them when they panhandled in
fast-food parking lots
...
” (Page 171)
...
” They resolutely refused to present themselves as pitiable,
down-on-their-luck panhandlers
...
”
(Page 171)
...
”
(Page 172)
...
”
“You see, the blacks used to fight the blacks, the Mexicans used to fight the Mexicans, and sometimes the
Mexicans fought the blacks
...
“Let the toads fight,” they’d say
...


Globalization: Undocumented Latino Day Laborers
“Undocumented immigrants were the most visible, face-to-face competitors for the day labor jobs that the
Edgewater homeless strove to obtain from local businesses and homeowners
...

“The Edgewater homeless and undocumented Latinos were confined to the same marginalized public
spaces, sought the same poorly paid and unstable jobs, and scavenged for recyclables in the same gutters
...
It is a
microcosm of the larger, long-term patterns of immigration and inequality that have shaped U
...
history
and helps explain the ongoing valence of racism in the United States
...


“As an individual, Sonny was a polite, gentle man, who stole and scavenged aggressively to maintain his
addiction to heroin and crack
...
Sonny’s predicament is framed by a
restructured global economy, institutionalized racism, a shredded welfare safety net, gentrification
accompanied by a speculative real-estate market, and draconian drug laws
...


Major Themes
1
...
Their backstories illustrated many of
the reasons Americans are trapped by poverty and addiction, and how the two go hand in
hand
...
“Reggie: I worked at the shipyard
...
I welded
...
There were
too many fires, and you had to have a tracer when you’re hanging and a guy who follows
you everywhere
...
Boom! My teeth was everywhere
...
But I didn’t go back afterwards
...

b
...
In fact, his relationship to the labor
market began prematurely when he was still in elementary school
...
” (Page 150)
...

“Hank’s “flashbacks” in pursuit of legal employment, forty years after the
bankruptcy of his father’s machine shop and twenty-five years after he had been
laid off from the foundry (his last well-paid job), reveal the overlapping
dimensions of abuse that often contribute to PTSD-like symptoms among the
homeless
...

c
...

He had a machine shop, ABC Engineering, over a shop in Oakland, and all my brothers
had to work there
...

Meanwhile, the sad part was that his real sons had to work in the shop for nothing until
real late and missed a lot of school
...
Friends and distant cousins would get my father
drunk and he’d give you anything you wanted
...
Finally my father lost the shop and started drinking, just
drinking
...

d
...
Instead, they spent their lives cycling in and out of marginal manual labor
...
”

i
...
” He
had been replaced by labor-saving technology
...


ii
...


e
...
Felix passed through a half dozen
delivery and service jobs: he drove a truck for the San Francisco Chronicle newspaper,
delivered bread for the Parisian Bakery, and worked as a bellhop in a luxury hotel
downtown
...

f
...
I
liked it
...
I used to have my own car
...
A couple of them died on me and
I just had to stop getting attached to them
...
”(Page 152)
...
“Carter had been employed at Fort Ord, a military base that closed in 1994
...
“I lost my
army jobs just being young and irresponsible
...
It was ‘career
conditional’ to where I coulda bought a house, credit union, everything
...
” (Page 152)
...
“Felix lasted for six months as a taxi driver until an elderly woman who lived around the
corner from him saw him nodding in his cab and reported him to management
...

i
...
He was
given forty eight hours to appeal his case and had to request permission to leave work
early to file for reinstatement
...
” (Page 153)
...
Community Support
a
...
Some
business owners offered logistical and moral support
...
He also paid out cash advances that could be reimbursed on a
piecework basis by shoveling sand into the sandbags he sold at his depot
...
(Hogan dropped out after a week
...

b
...
” (Page 154)
...
“The homeless competed aggressively for the limited number of odd jobs offered
by local business owners
...

d
...

More than half his workers were heroin injectors, and he accommodated their
multiple lapses and petty rip-offs
...
The Edgewater homeless eagerly anticipated this
opportunity for full-time work, even though few lasted for the entire month
...
” (Page 160)
...


“The boss thought of himself as disciplining his workers fairly on the
basis of performance— and Carter was, objectively, a lousy worker
...
” (Page 162)
...
Community Exploitation
a
...
For an eight-month stretch, he
managed to persuade Felix to work for him for ten dollars a day, seven days a week, by
“doing Felix the favor” of paying Frank an additional ten dollars a day as “rent” so that
Felix could sleep on the floor of Frank’s van
...


i
...
m
...
Sammy knew that because of this arrangement Frank would be
obligated to treat Felix to a morning “wake-up” shot in anticipation of the
guaranteed 7:00 a
...
rent payment
...
”(Page 155)
...
“Offering employment to the lowest bidder has its costs, however
...
One busy December, when he hired Hank
to shovel extra sandbags, Macon caught him in the main office using the
coffeemaker to steam the smog inspection sticker off a customer’s license plate
...
” (Page 156)
...
“Through a “don’t-ask-don’t-tell” compromise with their boss, Max and Frank
managed to continue sleeping discreetly in the shed for three more months
...
Frank’s heroin was of such good quality that Sal’s customers
began shifting over to him
...
” (Page 157)
...
Employment a
...
He groaned: “I hate it out here
...
”(Page
158)
...
“During this period, Frank painted a storefront sign for the owner of a printing press up
the hill, whose son had died of a heroin overdose in the 1970s
...
” (Page 158)
...

“Frank’s heroin supplier proved steadier than expected, and Frank was able to
hire Max to sell for him
...
” This prompted so much
criticism from everyone on the boulevard that Frank relented, although he did not
allow Max to enter the vehicle during daylight hours in case the police were
monitoring him
...


5
...
“Max worked all day long, “jacking up” the size of his habit
...
” (Page 158)
...
“Three days in the county jail’s holding pen, however, condemned Max to full-blown
opiate withdrawal symptoms
...
He was scared of being rearrested, but he was too
dopesick not to take the risk
...


c
...
Hold it for me till next week and I’ll
have the other sixty
...
I’m gonna try to get back on the stick
...
I’m going to try this time, while I got a chance to do it, right now! The methadone will
keep me from buyin’ dope and takin’ breaks to fix every day! I can focus on bein’ clean,
on goin’ and getting a valid driver’s license, on getting a driving job, and bein’ able to
take a drug test and come up clean
...

i
...
He no longer had the stable income to pay for the
program or the pragmatic motivation to “go clean
...
” (Page 164)
...
“It’s like I’m a dog on a leash, a slave
...
Bruce gives
me just enough so I can go cop, fix, and return to work
...

e
...
Racism a
...
In response, Carter quit the job in self-righteous outrage
...

b
...
This successful implementation of affirmative action infuriated the
homeless whites on Edgewater Boulevard, convincing them that the world discriminates
against white men
...

c
...
Carter was Al’s running partner at the time, but Bruce specifically forbade
Carter from sleeping in the truck with Al
...
” (Page 165)
...
“In the 2000s, contemporary outrage over the unresolved brutality of U
...
slavery and
racism often expresses itself in an idiom of sexual subjection
...

e
...
Under these conditions, a worker’s “bad attitude” in
the workplace is understood and experienced by both employers and employees,
irrespective of ethnicity, as either an individual moral characteristic or a cultural/racial
essence (or both)
...
” (Page 167)
...


“On only one occasion were we able to elicit self-reflexive criticism from an employer of
the homeless on discrimination in the day labor market: I’m not like the other
storekeepers
...
Racism is the great scourge of America
...
” (Page 167)
...
“Carter and his co-conspirators benefited from the inability of the white witnesses to
distinguish the three black male defendants from others in the police line-up
...
” (Page 173)
...
“They did a whole interrogation
...
Nothin’ about no memorandum [Miranda] rights
...
That’s how I beat the burglary
case
...
”(Page 175)
...


7
...
“The worst employer on the boulevard was Bruce, the owner of a warehouse that sold
repossessed furniture
...

b
...
Early in the employment
arrangement, in order to avoid triggering an employer’s tax liability, he had refused to
confirm to the welfare department that Al worked for him
...
”
(Page 164)
...
“Why should society help? It’s their fuckin’ problem
...
[shouting at us] I don’t want nothin’ to do with you! Get the fuck
outta here! [turning to Al and pointing to us] He and his buddy are just tryin’ to make
money off a’ scumbags like you
...
They don’t need no fuckin’ breaks
...


...
Anything you give ’em for help they just put right back into
their arms
...
You don’t see the reality of their
destruction
...

d
...
He’s a honest hard worker, right
...
Al can barely motherfuckin’ get by to stay fixed and well in the morning where he
can lift them heavy-ass credenzas and armoires
...
Al be sick, shittin’ on himself, waiting to get his heroin
...


e
...

f

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