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Title: CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY (9701) INORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOTES
Description: The Inorganic Chemistry chapter in the AS-Level Chemistry course focuses on the study of inorganic compounds, which are chemicals that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. Inorganic chemistry plays a critical role in understanding the properties, structures, and reactions of elements and their compounds. This chapter explores the diverse world of inorganic substances, ranging from simple ions to complex coordination compounds, providing students with a solid understanding of the elements and their interactions.
Description: The Inorganic Chemistry chapter in the AS-Level Chemistry course focuses on the study of inorganic compounds, which are chemicals that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. Inorganic chemistry plays a critical role in understanding the properties, structures, and reactions of elements and their compounds. This chapter explores the diverse world of inorganic substances, ranging from simple ions to complex coordination compounds, providing students with a solid understanding of the elements and their interactions.
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CAMBRIDGE
INTERNATIONAL AS
LEVEL CHEMISTRY
(9701) NOTES:
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER 10: PERIODICITY
The structure of the Periodic Table:
-
Elements are arranged in increasing atomic number which also govern the chemical
properties of an element
o Note: although H has only one valence electron, it is not considered to be a
Group 1 element
Periodic property:
-
Patterns/ trends going across a group
Physical properties:
o Atomic radius
o Ionic radius
o 1st ionization energy
o Electrical conductivity
o Melting point
Periodic patterns of atomic radii:
-
Going across the period:
o Nuclear charge increases
o Shielding effect remains constant
o Attraction between nucleus and outer electrons increases
o Atomic radius decreases
Periodic pattern of ionic radii:
Periodic pattern of 1st ionization energy:
Periodic pattern of electrical condcutivity:
-
Melting points:
Chemical bonding, structure and acid-base properties of P3 Oxides:
Chemical bonding and structure of P3 Chlorides:
-
Al2O3 vs AlCl3
o Al2O3 – ionic with covalent character
o Al2O3 and Al(OH)3 are amphoteric
o AlCl3 / Al2Cl6 – covalent
o AlCl3 / Al2Cl6 hydrolyses in water to form an acidic solution
Acidic properties of P3 chlorides:
CHAPTER 11: GROUP 2
Physical and chemical properties of G2 elements:
Solubility of G2 hydroxides and sulfates in water:
-
G2 Hydroxides
o Increases going down group 2
G2 Sulfates
o Decreases going down group 2
o SuBaCaPS (insoluble)
▪ Su: sulphur
▪ Ba: barium
▪ Ca: calcium
▪ P: lead, Pb
▪ S: strontium, Sr
Thermal decomposition (TD) of G2 carbonates and nitrates:
-
G2 Carbonates
o Example:
o Observation:
▪ White solid
▪ Gas turns limewater chalky
o Trend going down group 2:
▪ Temperature at which TD occurs increases
▪ Thermal stability increases
-
G2 Nitrates
o Example:
o Observation:
▪ White solid
▪ Brown gas
▪ Gas relights glowing splint
o Trend going down group 2:
▪ Temperature at which TD occurs increases
▪ Thermal stability increases
Overview of reactions:
G2 elements + O2 (g):
G2 elements + H2O:
G2 elements + HCl:
G2 elements + H2SO4:
G2 oxides + H2O:
G2 oxides + HCl:
G2 oxides + H2SO4:
G2 hydroxides + HCl:
G2 hydroxides + H2SO4:
G2 carbonates + HCl:
G2 carbonates + H2SO4:
Uses of G2 compounds:
-
-
-
MgO and Mg(OH)2
o Milk and magnesia – used to neutralise excess acid in stomach
Mgo
o Used as refractory lining in kilns and furnaces (those to fire ceramics) due to its
high melting point
CaCO3
o Marble – tiles, sculptures etc
...
g
Title: CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY (9701) INORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOTES
Description: The Inorganic Chemistry chapter in the AS-Level Chemistry course focuses on the study of inorganic compounds, which are chemicals that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. Inorganic chemistry plays a critical role in understanding the properties, structures, and reactions of elements and their compounds. This chapter explores the diverse world of inorganic substances, ranging from simple ions to complex coordination compounds, providing students with a solid understanding of the elements and their interactions.
Description: The Inorganic Chemistry chapter in the AS-Level Chemistry course focuses on the study of inorganic compounds, which are chemicals that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. Inorganic chemistry plays a critical role in understanding the properties, structures, and reactions of elements and their compounds. This chapter explores the diverse world of inorganic substances, ranging from simple ions to complex coordination compounds, providing students with a solid understanding of the elements and their interactions.