Notesale: Turn your study into money

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Discourse Markers
Discourse Markers
●

Word/phrase that is relatively syntax-independent & does not change the meaning of the sentence
and has a somewhat empty meaning

●

Some of the words/phrases are treated as "fillers" or "expletives" : words/phrases that have no
function at all

●

Examples: oh, well, now, then, you know, I mean

●

They are important to make your speech/text flow & to avoid a series of short unconnected
statements
...
To order/sequence what we say
●

In general, and then, so, on top of that, to sum up

2
...
Showing attitude
●

Unfortunately, actually, frankly, sadly, understandably

4
...
Cause/effect
●

Whenever, because, consequently, as a result, therefore

2
...
Contrast
●

Although/but, nevertheless, while, in contrast, otherwise

4
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Examples
●

For example/instance, in other words, such as

6
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Time
●

Subsequently, meanwhile, as soon/long as

NOTES:
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Formal markers have meanings and are used to connect sentences; informal markers express
moods and orders
...
Random sounds (like "mhm") aren't included

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