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OCEANOGRAPHY


Oceanography is a combination of two (2) Greek words “Okeanos” (meaning the Titan son of the
gods Uranus and Gaea) and “graphia” (which refers to the act of recording and describing)
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

"Physical geography is the study of characteristic features of lithosphere (geomorphology),
atmosphere (climatology), biosphere (biogeography), and cryosphere (cryogeography)
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NATURE OF OCEANOGRAPHY


The nature of oceanography is interdisciplinary, global, and requires a comprehensive understanding
of various scientific principles
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INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE:
 Oceanography is an interdisciplinary science that involves collaboration between scientists
from various fields
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 The interdisciplinary nature of oceanography is essential to gain a holistic understanding of
the complex interactions between the oceans and the Earth's climate, weather patterns, and
ecosystems
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UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES:
 The study of oceanography requires a thorough understanding of the principles of physics,
chemistry, geology, and biology, as well as their application to the ocean environment
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 Similarly, knowledge of chemical processes such as carbon cycling and nutrient dynamics is
necessary to understand the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems
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GLOBAL NATURE:
 The oceans connect all continents and play a significant role in regulating the Earth's climate
and weather patterns
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 The study of oceanography involves collecting data from all parts of the world's oceans and
requires the use of specialized instruments, research vessels, and satellites to monitor and
track ocean properties and processes
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SCOPE OF OCEANOGRAPHY:




In a very simple term the study of hydrosphere (oceans and seas), say watersphere covering 97
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The subject matter and contents of the study of the science of oceanography may be summarized as
follows :
1
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global atmosphere-ocean circulation :
a
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atmospheric circulation and ocean
b
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southern oscillation and Walker
c
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El Nino
2
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continental shelf and slope
ii
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submarine canyons :- coastal
processes and coastal
landforms

6
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coastal habitats
 estuaries
 wetlands
 lagoons
 mangroves

ii
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Physical and chemical aspects

temperature o f ocean water
i
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viscosity, pressure and
compressibility
iii
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salinity o f ocean water
v
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dynamics of oceans

i
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iii
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marine organisms and marine ecology

i
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iii
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v
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coral reefs and atolls
9
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man and marine environment

In summary, the scope of oceanography is vast and encompasses a wide range of topics related to the
study of the ocean and its many features
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Oceanographers work in a variety of settings, including universities, government
agencies, and private industry, to advance our understanding of the ocean and its vital role in the
Earth's ecosystem

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