Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Federal University of Technology, Akure

GNS 203: NIGERIA HISTORY AND CULTURE
PREPARED BY DR
...
G

1

Contemporary Social Vices in Institutions of Higher Learning
Outline
 Cultism
 Examination Malpractice
 Drug Use Disorder
 Indecent Dressing
 Internet Fraud

2

Introduction
Human beings interact in social setting and the beauty of social life is the group activity of interaction
...
Hence, there are established norms
that govern human behaviour and conduct for peaceful co-existence in this social setting called or referred
to as society
...
The main focus of the educational institution is to train upcoming
children in the set of acceptable values, attitudes, knowledge system, and intricacies that defines the goals
and aspirations of the society
...

Vice is derived from a Latin word, ‘Vitium’ meaning defect or failing
...
Social vices on the other hand refer to bad habits, unhealthy and negative behaviours that are
against the morality of a society
...
Vices are common among students in institutions of higher learning and have thus shifted
attention of these young minds from focusing on their studies
...

Causes of social Vices
1
...
Peer Pressure
3
...
Influence of godfatherism
5
...

Thus, in its original usage, cult was simply applied to a religious worship group of people in respect of the
object or person been venerated
...

It can also be defined as a ritual practice by a group of people whose membership, admission, policy,
initiation, formalities as well as their mode of operations are kept secret with their activities having
negative effects on both members and non-members alike
...
It is defined as the process of introducing and accepting a
neophyte (new member) into the membership of a society
...
Initiation usually involves
ceremonies, rites and oath taking
...
It was formed by Nigeria’s Nobel Laureate, Professor Wole Soyinka
and his six friends known as the ‘Magnificent Seven’ who founded the Pyrates Confraternity
...
Their main objectives included the abolition of convention; the revival of the age of chivalry
and to end tribalism, to elevate the social life of the university campus where orderliness and discipline
could be planted in the mind of students/youths who were expected to be future leaders in Nigeria and
to abolish elitism
...
The symbols of the pirate’s confraternity are skull and cross bones as their and
members adopted confraternity names as ‘’Capon’ Blood’’ and ‘’Long John Silver’’
...

It is through examination that students are tested and a tangible strength of formal examination is the
opportunity for such evaluation to seek out the intelligence of such a student and to what extent
...

It could also mean a violation of rules and regulation of examination in any form that undermines the
validity and reliability of examination and the integrity of certificates issued
...
It is non-adherence to rules and regulation guiding the examination processes
...


9

Forms of Examination Malpractice
Students involve in examination malpractice no matter how vigilant the invigilator are
...
Some of these forms of malpractices are discussed below
...
Collusion among candidates/between them and examination officials
2
...
Leakage of questions
4
...
Irregular activities inside and outside the examination halls
6
...
Bribery
8
...
The provision states in part that:
Any person who fraudulently or with intent cheat or secure any unfair advantage to himself or any other person
or in abuse of his office, produces, sells or buys or otherwise deals with any question papers intended for the
examination of persons at any examination or commits the offences specified in section 3(27) c of this Decree,
shall be guilty of an offence and on conviction be sentenced to 24 years imprisonment
...
The amendment as supposed was to ensure an enforcement
of the Decree, despite these laws, examination malpractice has been on the increase
...


11

Drug Use Disorder

12

Drug Use Disorder
A drug refers to a substance that could bring about a change in the biological function of the body through
its chemical actions
...

The effect of such changes reworked by the administered drug is felt both physiologically and manifest
behaviour such that drug can remodel the body function of its user either positively or otherwise and is
expected to be strictly on the prescription of qualified medical personnel
...
It simply refers to the use of drugs without medical
consultation or advice in such an excessive manner that it begins to interfere with behavioural and social
functions of the user
...
Simply explained, drug is said to be abuse when:
i
...
Its use is legally prohibited; and
iii
...

Incidence of Drug Abuse among Nigerian Students
Students’ use of drugs starts from secondary school and by the time they enter higher institutions most of
these drug users would have become drug addicts
...
The reason for using drugs among students varies
...
Drug use among students is responsible for gross act of indiscipline and poor academic
performance
...
Alcohol: It is both a stimulant and a depressant
...
Symptoms of someone using alcohol include staggering, excitement, motor incoordination, emotional
disinhibition, slurred speech and bad breath
...
Tobacco: Nicotine is the most active ingredient in tobacco which is an addictive substance
...
g
...
Symptoms of abuse include lung
damage (cancer), shortness of breath, bad breath, cough, wheezing
...
There are even those defined by high classed social
status
...
Stimulants: These are substances that directly act and stimulate the central nervous system
...
Users at the initial stage experience pleasant effects such as energy
increase
...
Examples of stimulants are: kola nuts,
cocaine, amphetamine and other related substances like methedine and coffee
...
Hallucinogens: These set of chemical substances consistently produce changes in thought, perception,
and mood
...

Examples include: lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline and phencyclidine (PCP)
...

health
...
Narcotics: These set of drugs were used clinically to relieve pains and induce sleep but have become
highly abused because of their addictive nature
...
They are
found in heroin, codeine, opium etc
...
Sedatives: These drugs are among the most widely used and abused
...
They are sourced from valium, activan, diazepam, Librium, promethazine
and chloroform
...
Volatile Solvent (inhalants): These are diverse group of chemicals which produce psychoactive vapours and can
be abused when their vapour is sniffed or inhaled because their vapour goes straight from the mouth or nose to the
brain and lungs
...
The main sources include: aerosols, glues, petrol, spot removers, tube
repair, perfumes, nail polish, dyes, insecticides etc
...
Cannabis: This drug has both stimulating and depressing effects
...
It has several street names like ‘igbo’, ‘stone’, ‘weed’, ‘wee-wee’, ‘ganja’, ‘grass’, ‘Indian hemp’, ‘marijuana’,
‘pot’, ‘kaya’, and ‘morocco’
...
Cannabis is usually smoked, though also ingested and at times soaked in spirit before use
...
Unconventional Substances of abuse: The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) in her research has
found out that apart from the above classified drugs, there are some substances that have mood-altering effects
and have been discovered and abused by youths in Nigeria today
...
Experimental stage- this is when a beginner under peer influence and tutelage and curiosity uses drugs
for the first time
ii
...

iii
...

iv
...

Theories of Drug Use
1
...
Learning theory
3
...
Socio-cultural theory

18

The Effects of Drug Abuse
The effect of drug use disorder is enormous on the human body
...
Some of the negative effects of drug
misuse are thus enumerated:
1
...
Physical problems e
...
liver cirrhosis, pancreatic, peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, hypertension, neurological
disorder
...
Mental retardation for the foetus in the womb, growth, deficiency, delayed motor development
...
Craniofacial abnormalities, limbs abnormalities and cardiac defects
...
Psychiatric e
...
pathological drunkenness, suicidal behaviour
e
...


19

The Effects of Drug Abuse
2
...
It also aggravates or causes sinusitis, bronchitis, cancer,
strokes, hypertension, and heart attack
...
Stimulants: Lethargy, irritability, exaggerated self-confidence, damage nose linings, sleeplessness,
and psychiatric complications
...
Inhalants: Causes anaemia, damage kidney and stomach bleeding
...
Narcotics: Causes poor perception, constipation, cough, suppression, vomiting, drowsiness and
sleep, unconsciousness and death
...
This dressing code varies from culture to culture
...

A dress that deviates from the generally acceptable ones in the society which affects the set moral
standard or judgment of the community is termed indecent
...
e
...

The terms decency and indecency have so much to do with the morality of the individual person and as
judged by others, it is therefore, a relative term
...
Dresses speak
volume about the person wearing them
...


22

Dress code in Campuses
It is increasingly becoming obvious that indecent dressing has gradually taken over the dress pattern of
students in higher institutions of learning in Nigeria
...

The menace of indecent dressing in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria has become so absurd that
most schools have come up with dressing code and also punishments against defaulters
...
g
...

The compendium also forbids students dressing covering the face such that the student cannot be
identified in the classroom, Laboratory etc
...


23

Effects of indecent dressing
Indecent dressing could lead to the following:
 Sexual harassment
 Ritual killing
 Tendency to steal
 Lying
 HIV/AIDS explosion
 Poor performance in school work
 Sin against God and humanity

24

Effects of indecent dressing
Sexual Harassment
There is the likelihood that ladies who dress indecently or provocatively could be prone to sexual
harassment and or rape
...

Campus Prostitution
Skimpy, transparent and or body exposing dresses are known in ancient Africa to be the dress pattern of
prostitutes or whores
...
Apart from this notion, most campus ladies
that dress this way engage in prostitution and commercial sex to be able to sponsor and sustain these forms
of dresses
...


25

Conclusion
The practices of social vices are knitted together among young people
...

Social vices that have eaten deep into the fabric of Nigeria is a major setback to nation building
...
Nigeria as a nation has more
adolescents and young people in her population pyramid
...
The health
of parents with wayward children is badly affected due to anxiety which usually lead to depression, high
blood pressure, stroke and even death
...
High way robbery, kidnapping, thuggery and the likes are their common practices

---