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Title: Soap
Description: about the soap on basis of tfm

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Toilet Soaps
Ketchup

Toilet Soaps
Most make the grade (but leave the skin high and dry)
This boiled version of sodium salts of fatty acids is certainly one of the most essential toiletries
that ensure healthy hygiene
...
(Any Jack-of-a-few-trades person, or a jugari as we would say in Hindi slang, would also
know about its ability to fix and fasten loose zippers, tighten screws, kill pests or slip in tight
bangles…) Come, let’s read more on what lies inside your soap
...
There, because
of the heavy taxes, soap remained an expensive item
until 1853, when the tax was repealed
...

Today, in India, more than 700 registered companies
manufacture bar/cake and liquid soaps of various kinds
CONSUMER VOICE JANUARY 2014

with combined annual revenue of over Rs 1,700 crore
...
The bar
soap segment led the soap market in India in 2009, with
a share of nearly 99 per cent
...

13

Comparative Test
The CV research team bought 12 bar soaps of
different grades (see ‘grades’ in the box) from various
organized retail stores across the country and tested them
at an NABL-accredited laboratory
...

We also conducted sensory tests at a reputed clinical
research organization
...


Primary quality of soap depends on total fatty
matter (TFM), which lends soaps their soapy
feel
...
Toilet soap often contains a higher quantity
of fatty material, varying from 60 per cent to 80
per cent (depending upon the grade of toilet soap,
being highest in Grade 1), whereas bathing bars
have lesser fatty substance (generally around 40
per cent)
...
In addition to surfactants and perfume,
the bathing bar may also contain other ingredients
such as processing aids, colouring matter,
permitted antioxidants, preservatives, permissible
germicides, super fatting agents, humectants and
such additional substances that are declared on
the label
...
When
this reaction takes place, glycerine is formed as
a by-product and is present in the soap itself and
gives the soap its moisturizing property
...

TOILET SOAP AND BATHING BAR
According to the BIS, there are two types of
soaps in the market: toilet soaps and bathing bars
...
1

30/75

32/100

16/100

21/100

40/125

20/100

4

3
...
6

2
...
2

2
...


Superia Silk (Grade 1) (found less in weight
by 8 per cent)

• Superia Silk ranked third in sensory tests
among Grade 1 brands
...
98 gm against the declared 100
gm
...

• Superia Silk secured 3rd rank among Grade 1

Grades that many of you did not know
As per the national standards requirement, toilet
soaps are classified into the following three
categories
...


coloured, perfumed, and shall possess good cleaning
and lathering properties
...

Mandatory TFM requirement:
76 per cent minimum

Grade 3
This is a saponified soap of firm and smooth texture
...

Mandatory TFM requirement: 60 per cent
minimum

Grade 2
This is a thoroughly saponified, plodded soap
of firm and smooth texture
...
2

2
...
9

2
...
68

2
...
1

Godrej Consumer Products

20 (60 for pack of 4)

1

84

Vivel

ITC

22 (70 for pack of 4)

2

82

Margo

Jyothy Consumer Products

22 (40 for pack of 4)

2

82

Lux

Hindustan Unilever

18
...
5 (82 for pack of 4)

3

Grade 3

87

3

Grade 2

1
2

Grade 1

Total Score
out of 100
(Rounded off)

76

Medimix

Cholayil Private limited

27 (81 for pack of 3)

Brand

Manufactured/Marketed by
Soaps

MRP in Rs

& 30

Fair Godrej Consumer Products

27(63 for pack of 3))

Score Rating: >90: very good*****, 71–90: good****, 51–70: fair***, 31–50: average**, up to 30: poor*

TEST RESULTS
N

Total Fatty Matter (% by Mass)

The most important factor to be considered in soap quality is its total fatty
matter (TFM)
...
As per
BIS, Grade 1 soaps should have 76 per cent minimum TFM, while Grade 2 and
Grade 3 must have 70 per cent and 60 per cent minimum TFM, respectively
...
67

79

80
...
21

76

76
...
1

76

76
...
07

Vivel

73

74
...
14

Lux

70

70
...
05

Medimix

60

60
...
14

Toilet Soaps
Ketchup
• All the brands comply with the minimum
requirement of total fatty matter as per their grades
...

Lather; in Millilitre
Standard requirement: Grade 1: 280 ml | Grade
2: 240 ml | Grade 3: 200 ml
Lather is the foam or the froth created by soap when
stirred in water or while bathing or washing hands
...

To test the soap’s ability to create lather, five grams
of scrubbed and grated piece of each soap brand was
thoroughly mixed in water and the lather generated
was measured with the measuring cylinder
...

• Higher scores were given on the basis of the higher
lather generated
...
It should not be
too high or too low
...
They were rated higher
...


Free Carbonated Alkali, % by Mass
Standard requirement is1
...

The free alkali in soap is usually made of
hydroxide and carbonate of sodium or potassium or
of both
...
It is a usual practice to
include such alkalinity as ‘carbonated alkali’
...

N

Chloride (As Nacl), % by Mass
Standard requirement is 1
...

• No brand crossed the maximum permissible limit
...
05 per cent maximum
...


Rosin Acid (% by Mass of Total Fatty Acid)
Standard requirement is just three per cent
maximum
...
54
per cent and 1
...

N

Mushiness (Loss In Mass Due To Mushiness);
Gram/50 Cm2
Mushiness is the property of soap to absorb the
water and get dissolved in it
...

• Superia Silk followed by Mysore Sandal were least
in mushiness, indicating minimal loss of the soap in
wet conditions
...

N

Matter Insoluble in Alcohol, % by Mass
IS requirement for Grade 1 is 2
...

IS requirement for Grade 2 and Grade 3 is 10 per
cent maximum
...

N

CONSUMER VOICE JANUARY 2014

17

Comparative Test
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
Grade 1
Brand → Weightage Mysore Cinthol
%
Sandal

Parameter↓
TFM

16

14
...
52

Superia
Silk

Godrej
Fair Glow

Park
Avenue

Godrej
No
...
36

11
...
33

11
...
33

5
...
0

5
...
46

4
...
0

8
...
42

8
...
21

7
...
61

3
...
30

3
...
76

Rosin acid

3

2
...
39

2
...
36

2
...
33

Matter insoluble

5

4
...
75

4
...
75

4
...
74

Free carbonated alkali

5

4
...
97

4
...
07

4
...
65

Free caustic alkali

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Chloride

5

4
...
69

4
...
61

4
...
94

CORNEOMETER MEASUREMENT
We included this test parameter as most soaps left
the skin dry
...
We used
it to measure the skin hydration/dryness prior to the
use of test sample (soap) and also after 1 hour and 2
hours of using sample soap on Day 1
...
Thereon, the average of the three readings
was taken for statistical analysis
...

• Most tested brands left the skin dry after use
...

Overall, it can be concluded that most of soaps
leave the skin dry
...
1

Godrej
Fair Glow

Park
Avenue

8

7
...
9

4
...
11

3
...
26

Mysore
Sandal

Superia
Silk

Park
Avenue

Godrej
No
...
09

11
...
91

11
...
50

Toilet Soaps
Ketchup
TEST SCORES
Grade 2

Grade 3

Vivel

Margo

Lux

Hamam

Life Boy

Medimix

14
...
11

11
...
06

11
...
39

6
...
66

5
...
61

4
...
45

9
...
47

9
...
0

9
...
65

4
...
99

4
...
22

4
...
47

2
...
72

2
...
0

2
...
75

4
...
78

4
...
78

4
...
85

4
...
55

4
...
4

4
...
63

4
...
64

3
...
76

4
...
The feeling of refreshed and glowing skin after
bathing…
Sensory user test was conducted in a clinical
7
...

as sensory attributes of toilet soaps
...
The toilet soap produces a feeling of irritation
used by 150 women volunteers
or burning
...
Convenience and easy use of
Hamam and Cinthol
parameters were taken through a selfpacking of soap
assessment questionnaire on various
were the most liked
10
...

toilet soap, based on above attributes
brands
...
Fragrance of the toilet soap after washing
brands fell in ‘good’ and ‘very good’ categories
...
Fragrance of the toilet soap after washing (30
minutes after)
3
...
After washing, your skin becomes…
5
...
78

5
...
23

5
...
65

3
...
03

11
...
67

12
...
90

11
...
For ECO mark requirements, the
product should be packed with recyclable/reusable/
biodegradable material
...

• All the other brands are packed in laminated paper
cover
...
/lot no
...

Soaps were weighed and compared with their
declared (mentioned on the pack) values
...
5 grams for up
to 100 grams and 4
...

• Hamam weighed 9
...
02 grams lesser than their declared
values
...
So they scored lowest in this test
...

• Rest all brands were within the permissible error
limit
Title: Soap
Description: about the soap on basis of tfm