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Positive  Reinforcment  
Positive  reinforcement  involves  the  addition  of  a  reinforcing  stimulus  following  a  behaviour  that  
makes  it  more  likely  that  the  behaviour  will  occur  again  in  the  future
...
   
 
One  of  the  easiest  ways  to  remember  positive  reinforcement  is  to  think  of  it  as  something  being  
added
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An  important  thing  to  note  is  that  positive  reinforcement  is  not  always  a  good  thing
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 Horses  quickly  learn  that  by  acting  out,  they  can  gain  attention  from  the  
owner  or  even  acquire  a  rest  break  that  they  want
...
 In  this  case,  the  better  solution  would  be  to  use  positive  reinforcement  when  the  
horse  is  actually  displaying  good  behaviour
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WRITE  ON  WHITE  BOARD  
•Natural  reinforces  are  those  that  occur  directly  as  a  result  of  the  behaviour
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 The  result  good  grades
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 These  
tokens  can  then  be  exchanged  for  something  of  value
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(bloody  fantastic)  
 
•Tangible  reinforces  involve  the  presentation  of  an  actual,  physical  reward  such  as  treats  or  rosettes
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Positive  reinforcement  is  most  effective  when  it  occurs  immediately  after  the  behaviour
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The  shorter  the  amount  of  time  between  a  behaviour  and  the  presentation  of  positive  
reinforcement,  the  stronger  the  connection  will  be
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 It  also  becomes  more  likely  
that  an  intervening  behaviour  might  accidentally  be  reinforced
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I  liked  this  definition  of  positive  reinforcement  as  it  highlights  how  easy  it  is  to  get  it  wrong  as  what  
we  are  trying  to  achieve  is  a  repeat  of  the  good  that  we  want
...
 Talk  about  your  daughter's  interests,  and  plan  something  fun
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 until  the  horse  moves  forward,  at  
which  point  the  aversive  stimulus  immediately  ceases
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We  can  see  from  this  that  effort  is  rewardable  as  much  as  result
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 This  was  then  just  a  total  waste  of  time  
and  the  coach  is  affecting  the  confidence  of  the  rider  all  the  time  and  not  in  a  positive  way  !  Positive  
criticism  (constructive  criticism)  is  something  entirely  different  though
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 The  purpose  of  
constructive  criticism  is  to  improve  the  outcome
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Every  human  being  likes  to  be  praised,  a  dog  likes  to  get  treats  a  horse  likes  to  get  stroked
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The  more  praise  we  hear  the  more  confident  we  feel,  the  more  confident  we  feel  the  more  effort  we  
will  put  into  the  task  we  are  carrying  out
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 In  every  effort  we  use  we  
want  it  to  be  rewarded  we  don’t  want  to  hear  or  feel  failure  we  wish  to  succeed  !  
We  modify  our  behaviour  to  receive  the  rewards  !  
Thus  we  can  see  that  positive  reinforcement  is  a  technique  to  modify  behaviour

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