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Coordination and control
Introduction
The tissues and organ in the bodies of multicellular organisms do not work
independently of each other
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This means that these activities are coordinated
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In various contexts,
coordination can involve individuals, groups, or components working together in a
synchronized and efficient manner to ensure the overall effectiveness and success
of a particular endeavor
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ii
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Chemical coordination brought by Endocrine system
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Coordinated Action
A coordinated action has five components:
Stimulus
i
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These changes can be physical, chemical, or biological and are detected by
sensory organs, triggering a response in living organisms or a specific reaction
in a system
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2
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4
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6
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ii
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-The organs tissues or cells which are specifically built to detect
particular type of stimuli are called receptors
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Sound waves are detected by ears
2
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Chemicals in air are detected by nose and so on
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Coordinators
-The organs that receive information from receptors and send
messages to particular organs for proper action
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 They receive information and send messages through
neurons in the form of nerve impulses
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 They receive information in the form of various
chemicals and send messages by secreting particular
hormones in blood
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v
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 In Nervous coordination:
 Neurons carry messages from coordinators (brain and
spinal cord) to muscles and glands which act as
effectors
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 Bones and liver acts as effectors for many hormones
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This action is called response
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Pulling our hand away from something very hot
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Movement of the flower of sunflower towards light are
responses
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 Chemical coordination
Chemical coordination produces slow but long-living
responses

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