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Title: CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING BEINGS
Description: Notes on classification of living beings for intermediate students and NEET aspirants
Description: Notes on classification of living beings for intermediate students and NEET aspirants
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CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING BEINGS
Introduction :
1
...
2
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Demerits of Two Kingdom 1
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No difference in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
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Heterotrophic Fungi kept in Plantae
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Five kingdom system is given by R
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Monera,
Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia
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Prokaryotic unicellular organisms
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Most abundant
...
Also live in extreme habitats viz
...
as endoparasite
etc
...
eg
...
- Some bacteria are autotrophic others are heterotrophic
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- Live in most harsh habitats eg
...
- Methanogens are found in the gut of ruminants and produce methane
(CH4) gas
...
- Rigid cellwall with or without flagellum
...
- Cyanobacteria are Photosynthetic autotrophs, unicellular, colonial or
filamentous, with gelatinous sheath
...
Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria,
Rivularia, Gloeotrichia etc
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-Reproduction occurs by fission
...
Mycoplasma –
- Smallest unicellular anaerobic organisms having no cellwall
...
Kingdom Protista –
-
Unicellular eukaryotes
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Some have cilia and flagella
...
Crysophytes –
- Fresh water or marine microscopic Planktons
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Diatomsand
Golden algae (Desmids)
...
- Diatomaceous earth is formed by cellwall deposits of Diatoms and used
in polishing, filtration of oils and syrups, fire bricks and explosives
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Photosynthetic yellow , green, blue, brown or red in colour
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Gonyaulax causes Red tides
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No cellwall, outer most layer pellicle
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Photosynthetic but also heterotrophic in absence of light ( Mixotroph)
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Euglena
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- Body is an aggregation called „Plasmodium‟ ( multinucleate, without
cellwall, irregular in shape and can spreadover several feet )
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Protozoans –
- Fresh water or marine unicellular heterotrophs
...
strong
(a) Amoeboid Protozoans –
- Free living or parasites
...
Amoeba ,Entamoeba
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Trypanosoma( causessleeping
sickness)
...
Ciliated Protozoans –
- With cilia eg
...
(d) Sporozoans –
- Spore like stage in life eg
...
Kingdom Fungi –
- Fungi are a group of achlorophyllous, heterotrophic organisms with cell wall
without cellulose
...
- Useful and Harmful both
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- Unicellular (eg
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- One unit of mycelium called hypha
...
- Lichens :– Symbiotic association of fungus and algae
...
Pinus
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Sexual:
by gametes
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Plasmogamy :– fusion of protoplasm
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Karyogamy :- fusion of nuclei
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Meiosis of zygote
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- Mycelium aseptate, coenocytic
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Sexual by zygospores
...
Yeast) or multicellular
-Saprophytic or parasitic
...
peziza
...
-Reproduction – asexual by exogenously produced conidia
...
-egAspergillus, Claviceps, Neurospora, Saccharomyces (yeast) etc
...
- Mycelium septate and branched and of two types
- Uninucleate 2) Dikaryophase
...
- Dikaryophase makes fruiting body Basidiocarp having Basidia
...
- Meiosis results in formation of four basidiopores
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Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut fungi), Puccinia (rust fungus)
...
-Saprophyte/parasite , mostly decomposers
...
Alternaria,
colletotrichum, Trichoderma
...
- Only few members partialheterotrophs eg
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- Few parasites eg
...
- Life cycle shows alternation of generation
...
Algae, Bryophytes,Pteridophyte, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
...
- No chloroplast and no cell wall
...
Reproduction
- sexual in general
- eg
...
- Viruses, Viroids and Lichens
- Viruses Connecting link between living and non living
...
- Host cell may be killed
...
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)- Protein coat: - capsid consists of capsomers
...
Mumps, Small pox, Herpes, Influenza,
AIDS etc
...
Lichens
- Composite organisms
...
Title: CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING BEINGS
Description: Notes on classification of living beings for intermediate students and NEET aspirants
Description: Notes on classification of living beings for intermediate students and NEET aspirants