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Title: Foundation in Biology notes
Description: The ultimate resource designed to help you establish a solid foundation in biology, regardless of your current level of knowledge. Authored by a top-tier academic achiever with a deep understanding of the subject matter, this meticulously crafted set of notes is your key to unlocking success in the captivating realm of life sciences. With its carefully structured format, these notes seamlessly guide you through the building blocks of biology, covering key topics such as cells, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Engaging illustrations and relatable examples reinforce your understanding, making abstract concepts tangible and relatable. But what truly sets this resource apart is the author's expertise and dedication to simplifying biology. Drawing from their own experience and insights, they provide invaluable tips, study strategies, and real-life applications to help you excel in your biology studies. By following their proven techniques, you'll develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate any biological question that comes your way.
Description: The ultimate resource designed to help you establish a solid foundation in biology, regardless of your current level of knowledge. Authored by a top-tier academic achiever with a deep understanding of the subject matter, this meticulously crafted set of notes is your key to unlocking success in the captivating realm of life sciences. With its carefully structured format, these notes seamlessly guide you through the building blocks of biology, covering key topics such as cells, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Engaging illustrations and relatable examples reinforce your understanding, making abstract concepts tangible and relatable. But what truly sets this resource apart is the author's expertise and dedication to simplifying biology. Drawing from their own experience and insights, they provide invaluable tips, study strategies, and real-life applications to help you excel in your biology studies. By following their proven techniques, you'll develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate any biological question that comes your way.
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Foundations in Biology
Carbohydrates = carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates consisting of multiple sugar units linked
together
...
Monosaccharides - ‘one sugar’ / ‘simple sugars’
- Sources of energy
Polysaccharides - large molecules formed from many monosaccharides
...
Disaccharides - ‘double sugars’ formed when two monosaccharide molecules join together
with a glycosidic bond
...
Glucose + oxygen ➡ cardon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
★ Glucose can be quickly broken down in cells in respiration to produce ATP / release
energy
...
Galactose: used in making glycolipids / glycoproteins
...
Hydrolysis reaction: breaking a bond by adding water
...
g concentration of glucose in blood
...
g colour change
...
★ Polysaccharides are polymers that contain many monosaccharides linked by
glycosidic bonds
...
★ Starch consists of two types of compounds: Amylose and Amylopectin
...
● The chains twists into helical
coils
...
● The helical shape means
that the glucose chain takes up
much less space (compact)
★ Amylopectin has a-1,6-glycosidic bonds links as well as a-1,4-glycosidic bonds
...
Structural adaptation to function:
Helical shape so very compact
...
Starch is insoluble so does not affect osmosis (water potential of cells)
...
-
Glycogen consists of branches chains of a-glucose molecules joined by a-1,4 and
a-1,6-glycosidic bonds
...
It is more soluble than starch it is still relatively insoluble
...
★ Glycogen is insoluble, so would not affect the water potential in cells (osmosis)
...
★ Cellulose is the main part of plant cell walls
...
★ B-glucose molecules are joined by condensation reactions forming B-1,4-glycosidic
bonds
...
How is cellulose adapted to its structural function in plant cell wall?
★ Cellulose is insoluble and is chemically unreative
...
★ Bundles of microfibrils are held together by more hydrogen bonding to form
macrofibrils
...
Title: Foundation in Biology notes
Description: The ultimate resource designed to help you establish a solid foundation in biology, regardless of your current level of knowledge. Authored by a top-tier academic achiever with a deep understanding of the subject matter, this meticulously crafted set of notes is your key to unlocking success in the captivating realm of life sciences. With its carefully structured format, these notes seamlessly guide you through the building blocks of biology, covering key topics such as cells, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Engaging illustrations and relatable examples reinforce your understanding, making abstract concepts tangible and relatable. But what truly sets this resource apart is the author's expertise and dedication to simplifying biology. Drawing from their own experience and insights, they provide invaluable tips, study strategies, and real-life applications to help you excel in your biology studies. By following their proven techniques, you'll develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate any biological question that comes your way.
Description: The ultimate resource designed to help you establish a solid foundation in biology, regardless of your current level of knowledge. Authored by a top-tier academic achiever with a deep understanding of the subject matter, this meticulously crafted set of notes is your key to unlocking success in the captivating realm of life sciences. With its carefully structured format, these notes seamlessly guide you through the building blocks of biology, covering key topics such as cells, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Engaging illustrations and relatable examples reinforce your understanding, making abstract concepts tangible and relatable. But what truly sets this resource apart is the author's expertise and dedication to simplifying biology. Drawing from their own experience and insights, they provide invaluable tips, study strategies, and real-life applications to help you excel in your biology studies. By following their proven techniques, you'll develop the skills and confidence needed to navigate any biological question that comes your way.