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CHEMISTRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS
✓ INTERMEDIATE AND APTITUDE TEST LEVEL NOTES

1- Variable Oxidation State:
Transition elements show variable oxidation state because transition metals have
empty (n-1) d orbitals that are closer to the outermost ns orbital means these
orbitals have similar energy
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So, they take part in the formation of
cations
Let’s consider a transition metal, Fe
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Highest oxidation state belongs to
Mn i
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As many of transition elements like Fe,
Co , Mn , Ni have unpaired electrons in d-orbital hence they are paramagnetic
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3- Catalytic Property:
A Catalyst is a substance that can increase or decrease rate of reaction without
consuming during the reaction
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In other cases
they provide suitable surface area which favors the reaction hence rate of reaction
increased
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The spaces or holes present in the lattice of transition metals are called interstices
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They are not true compounds due as they are
formed without any chemical change
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This is because transition metals can formed highly
charge small ions with vacant d-orbitals which favors formation of ionic and coordinate bond respectively hence they attached with Ligands to form complexes
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One set has a higher energy than the order
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Each ions absorb a particular set of
wavelength and transmits the remaining set of wavelength giving color

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