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CBSE CLASS 12 BUSINESS STUDIES
CHAPTER – 7
DIRECTING
REVISION NOTES

MEANING

Directing refers to giving instructions, guidance and motivation to the staff in an organization to
work efficiently in order to achieve organizational goals
...
Directing is
a continuous process initiated at top level and flows to the bottom through organizational
hierarchy
...
Directing Initiates Action: Directing is required at all stages, a manager has to perform this
function along with planning, organizing, staffing and controlling
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Directing Takes Place at all Levels of Management: every manager has to perform this
function and thence it takes place at all levels of management
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Directing is a Continuous Process: Directing takes place at all levels of the organisation so
that all activities are directed towards the achievement of organizational goals
4
...


IMPORTANCE
1
...

2
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A manger
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3
...

4
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Effective directing through motivation, communication and
leadership help employees to cope with changes in the environment
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Directing helps in Stability and Balance in the organization: Effective directing fosters
cooperation and commitment among employees and helps I striking a balance between various
activities and departments
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A manager has to deal
with people with diverse background, and expectations
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The following are the basic principles of effective direction:
1
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It should bring out untapped energies of employees for the efficiency of organisation
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Harmony of Objectives:

2

•
•

It is an important function of management to motivate people and direct their efforts
towards the achievement of enterprise objectives and their personal goals
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The principle
implies harmony of personal interest and common interest
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Unity of Command:
•
•

This principle states that one person should receive orders from only one superior, in
other words, one person should be accountable to only one boss
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4
...


5
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To have effective direction, it is very essential to have an effective communication
which provides for free flow of ideas, information, suggestions, complaints and
grievances
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Use of Informal Organisation:
A manager must be aware of the informal groups in a organisation and use it for effective
directing
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Leadership:
Managers should exercise good leadership as it can influence the subordinates positively without
causing dissatisfaction among them
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Follow through:

3

A manager not only issue orders and instructions, but also follow-up the performance employees
so as to ensure that work is being performed as desired
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ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING

(i) Supervision: Implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors
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(ii) Motivation: It means the process of making subordinates to act in a desired manner to
achieve certain organisational goals
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(iv) Communications: is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etc
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I: SUPERVISION
•
•
•

•

It is a process of guiding the efforts of employees and other resources to accomplish
desired objectives
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It is an important function at the lower levels of management therefore the term
'Supervisor’ is used at the operatives level of management

IMPORTANCE OF SUPERVISION
1
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A good supervisor acts as a guide, friend
and philosopher to the workers
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Supervisor acts as a link between workers and management as he/ she explains
management policies to workers and brings workers problems to the notice of the management
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Supervisor plays a key role in maintaining group unity among workers placed under his
control
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Supervisor ensures performance of workers is according to the set targets
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Supervisor provides good on the- job training to the workers and employees
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Supervisory leadership plays a key role in influencing the workers in the organisation
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A good supervisor analyses the work performed by workers and gives feedback to the
workers
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Motivation

•
•

Motivation means incitement or inducement to act or move
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Three key terms = motive, motivation, motivators

Motive : Inner state that energizes, activates and directs behaviour towards goals
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Motivation : Process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals
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E
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= bonus, promotion, recognition etc
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Motivation is a Psychological Phenomenon:
Motivation is an internal feeling, such as urge, drives and desires which means it cannot be
forced on employees
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Motivation is a Goal Oriented Behaviour:
It induces people to behave in a particular manner so that they can achieve their goals
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3
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g
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Negative motivation means forcing people to work by threatening or punishing them
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g
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5

3
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4
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are adequately provided, work
becomes a source of pleasure and workers absenteeism can be reduced
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Motivation facilitate change:
Motivation helps managers to introduce changes smoothly without much resistance from
workers
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