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Title: DP Biology - 1.1 Introduction to Cells
Description: Comprehensive notes on 1.1 Introduction to Cells written for the 2016 syllabus. Precise and concise. Easy to follow. Suitable for SL and HL students. With mark schemes that show you how to structure your answers. Best for pre-exam revision and studying alongside with your textbooks and workbooks.
Description: Comprehensive notes on 1.1 Introduction to Cells written for the 2016 syllabus. Precise and concise. Easy to follow. Suitable for SL and HL students. With mark schemes that show you how to structure your answers. Best for pre-exam revision and studying alongside with your textbooks and workbooks.
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IB DP Biology SL/HL Notes (for the 2016 course)
1
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“All living organisms are composed of cells
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“Cells are the smallest unit of life
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“Cells come from pre-existing cells
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Metabolism
Chemical reactions that take place within cells that provide energy
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Response to stimuli
Change in an energy source or force, such as light, or sound, or heat for survival
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Growth
Increase in cell sizes and numbers
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Reproduction (more in Topic 11
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Homeostasis (more in Topic 6
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Nutrition (more in Topic 4
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Multicellular organisms
• Show emergent properties (cells → tissues → organs → systems)
• Example of photosynthetic unicells: Chlorella and Scenedesmus
Cell Size
Molecules
Thickness of cell membrane
Viruses
Bacteria
Organelles
Eukaryotic cells
= 1 nm
= 10 nm
= 100 nm
= 1um
= up to 10 um
= up to 100 um
Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)
Surface area: affects the rate of exocytosis and endocytosis
...
Volume is inversely proportional to SA:V (i
...
when V ↑, SA:V ↓)
•
•
•
•
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Food/oxygen enters and wastes leave through the surface of cells
Rate of substance crossing the membrane depends on surface area (endocytosis)
More metabolic activity in a larger cell means more food and oxygen required
Large volume means longer diffusion time and more wastes produced
Excess heat generated will not be lost efficiently (with low SA:V)
Cell Differentiation
• Different genes are activated in different cells
...
• Cells are committed to a pathway of development
Title: DP Biology - 1.1 Introduction to Cells
Description: Comprehensive notes on 1.1 Introduction to Cells written for the 2016 syllabus. Precise and concise. Easy to follow. Suitable for SL and HL students. With mark schemes that show you how to structure your answers. Best for pre-exam revision and studying alongside with your textbooks and workbooks.
Description: Comprehensive notes on 1.1 Introduction to Cells written for the 2016 syllabus. Precise and concise. Easy to follow. Suitable for SL and HL students. With mark schemes that show you how to structure your answers. Best for pre-exam revision and studying alongside with your textbooks and workbooks.