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NOTES ON C PROGRAMING
C Language: A general-purpose, procedural programming language
developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie
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Basic Concepts
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-Blocks: Group of statements enclosed in curly braces (`{ }`)
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Data Types:
Primary: `int`, `char`, `float`, `double`
Derived: Arrays, Pointers, Structures, Unions
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• Syntax: `data_type variable_name;` (e
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, `int age;`)
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Conditional Statements:
• `if`, `else if`, `else`
•Syntax:
If (condition) {
// statements
} else {
// statements
}

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Continue statement: skips to the next iteration of a loop
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Syntax:
Break;
•Continue Statement
The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and
move to the next iteration
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Syntax:
Return [expression];

Functions
Definition: A block of code designed to perform a particular task
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• Syntax: `data_type pointer_name;` (e
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, `int ptr;`)

Error Handling
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Error Handling: The process of detecting and responding to
errors or exceptions in a program
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Error Handling Techniques: Techniques such as error codes,
error messages, and exception handling can be used to handle
errors
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•Syntax: `data_type array_name[array_size];` (e
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, `int numbers[10];`)
Structures
Definition: User-defined data type that groups related variables of different
types
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Standard Input/Output Functions:
• `printf()`: Used to print output to the screen
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Error Handling
•Error Handling: The process of detecting and responding to errors or
exceptions in a program
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•Error Handling Techniques: Techniques such as error codes, error
messages, and exception handling can be used to handle errors
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h>
// Function declaration
Int add(int a, int b);
Int main() {
Int num1, num2, sum;
// Input two numbers
Printf(“Enter two numbers: “);
Scanf(“%d %d”, &num1, &num2);
// Function call
Sum = add(num1, num2);
// Output the result
Printf(“Sum: %d\n”, sum);
Return 0;
}

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// Function definition
Int add(int a, int b) {
Return a + b;
}

Key Points
• Modular: C programs can be divided into modules using functions
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• Portable: Programs written in C can be compiled on many different
types of computers
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