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Title: Laser Machining
Description: A brief insight of laser machining, its types, different lasers used, its effect on different materials etc.
Description: A brief insight of laser machining, its types, different lasers used, its effect on different materials etc.
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Laser Machining
Krishnaraj S
Overview
Introduction
Basic Principle
Material Removal
Types of lasers used
Parameters
Laser Welding
Laser Cladding
Laser Cutting of different Materials
Introduction
LASER – Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
In thermal removing processes, thermal energy, provided by a heat source,
melts or vaporizes the volume of the material to be removed
...
Material Removal
Types of lasers used
APPLICATION
Cutting
Metals
Plastics
Ceramics
Drilling
Metals
Plastics
Marking
Metals
Plastics
Ceramics
Surface treatment (metals)
Welding (metals)
LASER TYPE
PCO2; CWCO2; Nd:YAG; ruby
CWCO2
PCO2
PCO2; Nd:YAG; Nd:glass; rub y
Excimer
PCO2; Nd:YAG
Excimer
Excimer
CWCO2
PCO2; CWCO2; Nd:YAG; Nd:glass; rub y
Note: P = pulsed, CW = continuous wave
...
• In some cases, the gas jet can
be chosen to react chemically with
the work piece to produce heat and
accelerate the cutting speed
...
Lasers create
narrow kerfs and thus achieve high-precision cuts
...
Almost all kinds of metals can be laser cut: mild steel, stainless steel and
aluminium are the most common applications
...
Compared to alternative techniques
like die cutting, laser cutting is cost-efficient already for small-batch
production
...
Mild Steel
Mild Steel is the most frequently
cut material in manufacturing as it
is used to create gears, blinds,
coverings or chain links and it is
recognized
by
industry
that
thicknesses up to 25mm are best
cut utilizing laser technology
...
5
m/min for 3 mm and1
...
Using a
Rofin DC025, cutting 18m steel can
be performed at 9m/min
...
Due to the crystal mesh effect of the light metal and due to
the wave length of the laser, aluminium is cut precisely and
effectively as the main part of the induced radiation is
reflected
...
Also other non-ferrous heavy metals such as copper, bronze or
zinc can be cut with the laser
...
Solid-state lasers and fiber
lasers with a wave length in the
range of 1 µm are the first
choice here due to the high
reflection of the material
...
These features open up many
new applications in particular in
the micro electronics industry,
energy
generation,
energy
transport and storage
...
Lasers are ideal for
types of materials as
produce a precise and
without damaging or
material
...
Laser Cutting of Ceramics
Ceramic is usually separated with the help of q-switched solid-state lasers
and performances between 1 and 300 Watt for sublimation cutting
...
Laser Cutting of Memory Metals
Medical stents made of stainless steel or nickel-titan-alloys (shape memory
alloys or memory metals) are support implants with a geometry that is cut out of
a tube and which requires excellent quality
...
Laser cutting allows cuts
smaller than 20 microns wide at cutting speeds of several mm/sec
...
Precious Metals
Precious metals, like gold, silver and
platinum metals are often hard to cut
without damaging the material, however
with the use of a laser cutting precious
metals is possible
...
Platinum metals are cut by the CO2 laser
as well as solid-state lasers, which does not
affect or damage the material
...
CO2 and solid-state lasers
are suited for these kinds of applications,
with CO2 lasers being preferred for
cutting of thicker materials
...
In micro material processing solid-state
lasers (fiber laser, pulsed Nd:YAG) are
commonly applied for laser cutting
stainless steel, providing cut widths down
to 20 microns depending on the steel
thickness
...
These laser cuts typically come with dross-free quality
and minimal heat affected zones
...
For scalpels a specific stainless steel is used, which is
difficult to die cut
...
Due to
fast retooling times many different geometries can
be achieved within a short period of time
...
Typical applications for this lie within the
cutting of medical instruments, including
scalpels and bone saws
...
Here, laser cutting is
an attractive alternative
...
Cont
...
Due to the strong affinity of titanium to oxygen and
nitrogen processing is mainly done with inert gas as
cutting gas
Title: Laser Machining
Description: A brief insight of laser machining, its types, different lasers used, its effect on different materials etc.
Description: A brief insight of laser machining, its types, different lasers used, its effect on different materials etc.