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Title: Class 10th nots IMP
Description: Notes for class 10th science

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ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS

...
ou H• ,on, mwater
...


,
...
_ OH· loN In
...
, noturol
...
Eg
...
onion, etc
...
,c


...



...
,,,_

Na Ch•= c
R
...
d• brown

R&dCGl>booc
Onion
Von10o

!led -Pink

6
...
lfow

Na ,
...

Eg • Methyl orange,
Pllcnolphtholtln, llc,

Add
Na ,
...
ltmua ,
...



...
dye (In -,1ro1 elate) darlwd ,,_ lldlaa and IJ UKd •

---

-

-

1/

111 ocld- bole iftdlcotor ,

AN!>' IASES
- PROPERTIES OF ACIDS-----

,CHEMICAL
-

I , Aactlon

Of,;;
...
the hydrogen ot oms of oc,d, 901 displaced by the metal In the form of H, 9
...


Exomplu,

~
Q■1P

Acid , M
...
Salt • I lydl ;ar ,
...
Na,Zl>O,(s) • H, (9)
• Zn(a) • 2HO(oq)
...
(oq) - 11\gSO
...


:_"''

ugM
...
it
...

Matal cartlonotc/ Matol hrdt s
...


Exomplu,
• 2NoHCO,(oq) • H,5O,(oq)
...
2NaCl(oq) • CO, • Water

J
...
,fl1f1cs tht d f ect of boa and v1ce•YUSG
...
it tS refcn'Cd to os ncutcaUsottADccoctfon
• They rcGCI 1091ft tolt and
...
Acid
...
Wotv
~
- •

Example
...
NaCl (oq) • H,O (I)
• HCI (oq) • Ca(OH), (oq)
...






,• -


...
a
...
) - a
...
-lion of
coppcr(tt) chloride

11
...
of


...


co,

With Nllll•1Mtalllc Oxld11 (Non-Metal Oxide • Bosa
...
CO, (aq) • H,O (I)
• Non•IMfot o•ldu ar• octd•c In not urc

What 11 , _ In ol acids
...
ly chorgtd IWQOI llllc Cl· (HO)
...


SO, ' · (H,5O,), &I<
...
It lmporll the <1cldlc chorocfcr
...
OM· Ion, cara cofflfflOfl in all balCS
...
L , t hey Import the basic
...
hol"octc
...
TIius, ,, •• olwny
...
_ cuker H•(oq ) Of'
H,O· (hyd,oni""' ion)

HCI • H
...
bca,u produce oH~ 104'\S in wotcr
...
O
...
r the 01her way
...

• The oddll lOII 1hould olwoyt be slow ond with COMtonl ,,,,rrlng lo ovoid
ond hcot gc
...
_
• The ' p' In pH Is Germon and stands for pottN,
...
_ ,,
o For neutral solutlonl, Ilka d l1tlllcd wa11r
...
pH • 7

for ocldlc solut lonl, lhc pH • 7
...

For ballc
...
dorcctly proporl'l
...

• Uftlwu wl tndko,
...
,U&
...



...
Blood

10

Milk of MO(lllUlo

I◄

Sodium Mydroxfdc Soluoon

ii


...
to neutralise ocidity 10 11
...
NoHCO, · bak1119


7,0 t o 7,8

Working ""'9" of hl
...
5 10 3,!I

pH of 11omoch

5,6

Acid roin's pH

!1
...

Boct&riQ pruc,,t 10 lnOUlh COU1CS tooth decay by
producl"9 ocld via l>Noltlng doom left
...

0
It com>du tho - i (Celcua
h ~ t l N) C
...

0
Too1hponu cro basic Qfld help in pr'OYCftllng
lh,s decay

• S
...
_
...
of dock plant,
o
...


~
·'

'

~


...
di

SolU ""1y be defined GS ionic
produc
...

Most solts ore sollA>lc lo"'°'
...
n-, of salt1: Solis hovi"9 c
...
SO,
...
No1SO,

~

V

• pH of Solts :

SALT COM
...
, 1olt:
o
...
,roctcd from the mixture of dluolvcd 1alu p<'UCflt •• seawot1r
...
which typically gppe ...

o Rock ,alt beds were created from tho ewporatlon of ancient scos Qfld cro mi111d using method• 1Ullllor lo

cool &JC1·roctlon
...
1ous other lmportOllt chomicol• like
sodium hydro•lde, boki"9 socio•
...
lo fOffll NoOH (Coust;c - ,
...
) • ZH,O(l) -o INeOH(
...


AMdo: Cl,

Cathode : H1
Anode Cl,

1

Cothodo H,

• NoOH •• formed ncor the cathode
...
, of a,,

V
...
1,

• Wottr treatment
• Swimming pool•

• /11Gr9at'ino

• PVCt

• A,nmonio for fUTdiscrs

• Soap• and cktcrgcntr
• Poper-making
• Art,foc,oJ llbrr•

v _
...


NaCl

-

• Action of Chloronc gas on tJ,y tloMd limo p,oducu blcochlng powder
Co(OM), • Cl, - CoOCI, • H
...
1
• In tutile lnduflry: for bleaching cot!on and Ii""",
• In popcr foctorles: for blcochlng wood pulp
...
for blcoch,ng -hod clothes
o Al on ox1d111ng agent 1n vor1ou, c:he"'lc:al industnu
• To produc• gcrm-freo dr;,00119 wot•r
...
Cl •

NeHCO,

• Jt 11 a baf,c sGlt ofld non·CON'OS,
...
;ng react ion occur• dun ng the pro
z•w ICO,
...
CO, • H,O •

CO, (OIi Hutlnt)

• Vici


o


The CO, produud on heating,
...


-;------------ ---------

_-

-

-

•L~T"


...
,,,

-

--


...
a>, • IOHeO - No
...
IOH
...
t

• In glast
...

• In th& manufoc;t
...

• For removing pormonont hardnou of wotar,


...


-or

• It II th& l l•od ,unbo, of wotor molca,lu prucnf In on1 f°""""' unlt of o tGll, For ag
...
5M,0 (fl
...
SH,O appears dry, h GMtolnt eot,c of cNl!AlliMtloa dUII to which th& cry,tol gp' 1 • blue
...
, of crynotltJat,
...

• Anoth&r crytlol having thit P<'(lporly •• msum: CoSO,
...
, ond bo
...

0,, ou•lng with 11N1lor, II cllangu lo 9rpsum
...
112 H
...
II H,O - C
...
ZH
...


• for - Ing docoratloft motonak
• for IIIOltlng 1urfoc:u 1mooth
...
,,

--------

-

- -

" ActMty
r••-•

Ac,t,,lty

'
--

-----

z
...
af dll111e lllApl\urlc ocld In a tut t\bc GIid add a f
...

• What do 'fO"' OOfel'Ye on the surface of r lnc gn,nulu?
• Past the gas biting evolved thrGUgh the soop tolutioft
...
bubblu farmed In the soop tolutlan? n Tak& a burftHlg talldlt - r a got filled b<
...

• What do y
...
lfflll"\
• • wlli1 •l"'"P~

O=

,,
...
,t
...



...
uuln -

0•- ---Nrint• bol
...
t

--~

i
...
1111011

011
...
i on Zn IIUrlocc
Zn• H•SO• - ZnSO
...
11

• Toke two tut tubu
...
!19 of sadiUffl carboftClte (No2C03) In tut ttA>c A~ about 0
...

• Add about 2 ml of dilute HCI to both the tut tubu,
• What do 'fO"' obur,c?

• Pau the gas produced in 14t h case through•~• wa~(cdtlUffl hydroxide solution) as "-n In Fig arid ruo,-
...
,i - , r - -~

s,•
...


\ ' f " - - ~llvrry l ubr

91('T--Tr
...


tfftl"YUCCIICt Is

milky
...
W-'('0,(G'I) • HoSOJ•)
...
!!u
...
c;t
...
6

• Tou about 2 mL of d ...
1ution?
• Add d ...
d ""'9" for the rcoctlOII mi>rt\N]
• Why did The colcKr of phu,olphTholcin d""'9" after the addit ion of an acld1
• Now add o fo, drops of NoOH To the abo
...

• 1>oc
...


~

Colour1011--

H
~
...


...
,_
...
'-Pink
(2)

(1 )



• Inltiolly pink color I• f
...
ppcar• after adding HC1 a• effect of o base is ,
...
YCrSO

NoOH("") • HCI(
...
o(l)

~ \~, 1-
...
7


...
- , of , _ , oxide '" a beolocr and odd dilute hyd•~hlOl'tc acid •lowly while atirring
• Note the co'°"' of the solut1-I
...

CUO("'I) • HO{oq)
...
,,ion

·~ z
...
1utlon, of glucoN, alcohol, hyd-hlorlc a ...
etc
...
ond plot • th& cor k In a 100 mL beolocr
...
, a 6 YOlt banc,y tilrough a bulb ond a ,witch
...
,, In Fig
...
,,t
...

• Whal do you ob-scrw:? n Repea t Tho uperlmcnl uparatcly with glue- Oftd alcohol 1alu1/on1
...
a the IMl/b glow In oil cGNa?

v'\

(}\'1Jll bil ll 11t Y-

~~~ lh11J
t - h11r h

,,
1
...
tb '""'• in prucnce of acid• but not in t OM of glueosc Oftd alcohol 1olutlon,
...
I
...
which help• ta conduct dutrlclty

Acfl¥11y Z
...
11d Noa I• o clean GIid dry tut tube ord NI
...
shown In Fig,
• Add t OM& t tiftCUltrotad suilphurtc ad d to the tuf tubt
...
, lhl dell,w,y ,
...
d I\ICCUSi',tly with dry""" Wit blue litmus ·
• ?• which cose dolJ the 11"""• pap&r c
...
Activity
...
,

u,_
...
SO
...


Oo!11M1I 11o11,
...
t
...
m d 1lo11df

Ob• HCI gos 11 released whlch tums wet blue lltfflUI red W HCI gos dolt not cl,ong& color o f dry blue litmus pap&r
...
so
...
Addo few drops of COf1C&l11rolcd H,SO, to It and swirl the bcoker slowly,
• Touch the of the bloker
...
a ...
,,,y woh sodium hydro•lde FCll•II and
,
...

• Taki 10 ffli
...
, natuni
...
11
• Tu! !ht pH
...
•• Tobi•
• Record yovr obtantattOM
• Wllol 11 the nature of ""'h ,ubstaoc• on t he bmll of yOYr ob,
...


SOI
...
c
...
ulc

Soll
...
8

octdlc

lemon Juice

p,nlc

acidic

color-tut a
...


1ll9htly ocld lc

corrot julta

yellow/ gt
...
o tf«

ycnow

5

ocldlc

Toma10 Ju~•

beige color

4I

ocldtC

t op water

orun/lwncQl'HII

7

neutral

IMNoOH

Plrplc

13

bo,,,

IM HCI

red

0-1

Highly at/die

ocldlc

•S-

·
...


Actiwlty I
...


• P\,t obout 2 g soil
...
F,ltcr the cont111tt and collcct tha filtrate 1n o ,
...

• Check the pH of thi1 llltn,t1 with t he help of unlvel'IOI >Odicotor pap1r
...


~
...
,

AcNwtty Z
...
ptfOUMII nltn,re,
...
,hot•
...
, IOdlu'" outota
...
011obla con oleo
ba tolicn)
only) Check Iha octlon of t - tolulic>nl on II"""' and f llld
• Check their colublllty lo wotar (u,e dlllillcd the pH Ufi"9 o p H -·
• Which of tho aoltt ore ocldic, bo1lc
• Report yO
,
...
4LT

'-"'"'""

...


SodiUffl Clllorldc ottt,tiurn Nltrott Zlnc Sulphall CopP ...


NoCI

~
...
die

Bas,c

a
...
I !I

• ~
...
o 6ry boiling tuba
...
, the t,o,llog ti,ba1
thue c,,
...
, on !he""""'• of copper 1ulphot1 obtained ofter ""°'"'9 ~
• Wllot do Y°" ob,
...
-,,toNll01- • - r a t u cha119h19 blue C
...

"'50,
...
O ◄ Cu50,
...
O

__

------ ,
Title: Class 10th nots IMP
Description: Notes for class 10th science