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ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS
...
ou H• ,on, mwater
...
,
...
_ OH· loN In
...
, noturol
...
Eg
...
onion, etc
...
,c
...
...
,,,_
Na Ch•= c
R
...
d• brown
R&dCGl>booc
Onion
Von10o
!led -Pink
6
...
lfow
Na ,
...
Eg • Methyl orange,
Pllcnolphtholtln, llc,
Add
Na ,
...
ltmua ,
...
...
dye (In -,1ro1 elate) darlwd ,,_ lldlaa and IJ UKd •
---
-
-
1/
111 ocld- bole iftdlcotor ,
AN!>' IASES
- PROPERTIES OF ACIDS-----
,CHEMICAL
-
I , Aactlon
Of,;;
...
the hydrogen ot oms of oc,d, 901 displaced by the metal In the form of H, 9
...
Exomplu,
~
Q■1P
Acid , M
...
Salt • I lydl ;ar ,
...
Na,Zl>O,(s) • H, (9)
• Zn(a) • 2HO(oq)
...
(oq) - 11\gSO
...
:_"''
ugM
...
it
...
Matal cartlonotc/ Matol hrdt s
...
•
Exomplu,
• 2NoHCO,(oq) • H,5O,(oq)
...
2NaCl(oq) • CO, • Water
J
...
,fl1f1cs tht d f ect of boa and v1ce•YUSG
...
it tS refcn'Cd to os ncutcaUsottADccoctfon
• They rcGCI 1091ft tolt and
...
Acid
...
Wotv
~
- •
Example
...
NaCl (oq) • H,O (I)
• HCI (oq) • Ca(OH), (oq)
...
•
•
•
,• -
...
a
...
) - a
...
-lion of
coppcr(tt) chloride
11
...
of
...
co,
With Nllll•1Mtalllc Oxld11 (Non-Metal Oxide • Bosa
...
CO, (aq) • H,O (I)
• Non•IMfot o•ldu ar• octd•c In not urc
What 11 , _ In ol acids
...
ly chorgtd IWQOI llllc Cl· (HO)
...
SO, ' · (H,5O,), &I<
...
It lmporll the <1cldlc chorocfcr
...
OM· Ion, cara cofflfflOfl in all balCS
...
L , t hey Import the basic
...
hol"octc
...
TIius, ,, •• olwny
...
_ cuker H•(oq ) Of'
H,O· (hyd,oni""' ion)
HCI • H
...
bca,u produce oH~ 104'\S in wotcr
...
O
...
r the 01her way
...
•
• The oddll lOII 1hould olwoyt be slow ond with COMtonl ,,,,rrlng lo ovoid
ond hcot gc
...
_
• The ' p' In pH Is Germon and stands for pottN,
...
_ ,,
o For neutral solutlonl, Ilka d l1tlllcd wa11r
...
pH • 7
for ocldlc solut lonl, lhc pH • 7
...
For ballc
...
dorcctly proporl'l
...
• Uftlwu wl tndko,
...
,U&
...
...
Blood
10
Milk of MO(lllUlo
I◄
Sodium Mydroxfdc Soluoon
ii
...
to neutralise ocidity 10 11
...
NoHCO, · bak1119
•
7,0 t o 7,8
Working ""'9" of hl
...
5 10 3,!I
pH of 11omoch
5,6
Acid roin's pH
!1
...
Boct&riQ pruc,,t 10 lnOUlh COU1CS tooth decay by
producl"9 ocld via l>Noltlng doom left
...
0
It com>du tho - i (Celcua
h ~ t l N) C
...
0
Too1hponu cro basic Qfld help in pr'OYCftllng
lh,s decay
• S
...
_
...
of dock plant,
o
...
~
·'
'
~
...
di
SolU ""1y be defined GS ionic
produc
...
Most solts ore sollA>lc lo"'°'
...
n-, of salt1: Solis hovi"9 c
...
SO,
...
No1SO,
~
V
• pH of Solts :
SALT COM
...
, 1olt:
o
...
,roctcd from the mixture of dluolvcd 1alu p<'UCflt •• seawot1r
...
which typically gppe
o Rock ,alt beds were created from tho ewporatlon of ancient scos Qfld cro mi111d using method• 1Ullllor lo
cool &JC1·roctlon
...
1ous other lmportOllt chomicol• like
sodium hydro•lde, boki"9 socio•
...
lo fOffll NoOH (Coust;c - ,
...
) • ZH,O(l) -o INeOH(
...
AMdo: Cl,
Cathode : H1
Anode Cl,
1
Cothodo H,
• NoOH •• formed ncor the cathode
...
, of a,,
V
...
1,
• Wottr treatment
• Swimming pool•
• /11Gr9at'ino
• PVCt
• A,nmonio for fUTdiscrs
• Soap• and cktcrgcntr
• Poper-making
• Art,foc,oJ llbrr•
v _
...
NaCl
-
• Action of Chloronc gas on tJ,y tloMd limo p,oducu blcochlng powder
Co(OM), • Cl, - CoOCI, • H
...
1
• In tutile lnduflry: for bleaching cot!on and Ii""",
• In popcr foctorles: for blcochlng wood pulp
...
for blcoch,ng -hod clothes
o Al on ox1d111ng agent 1n vor1ou, c:he"'lc:al industnu
• To produc• gcrm-freo dr;,00119 wot•r
...
Cl •
NeHCO,
• Jt 11 a baf,c sGlt ofld non·CON'OS,
...
;ng react ion occur• dun ng the pro
z•w ICO,
...
CO, • H,O •
CO, (OIi Hutlnt)
• Vici
•
•
o
•
The CO, produud on heating,
...
-;------------ ---------
_-
-
-
•L~T"
...
,,,
-
--
...
a>, • IOHeO - No
...
IOH
...
t
• In glast
...
• In th& manufoc;t
...
• For removing pormonont hardnou of wotar,
...
-or
• It II th& l l•od ,unbo, of wotor molca,lu prucnf In on1 f°""""' unlt of o tGll, For ag
...
5M,0 (fl
...
SH,O appears dry, h GMtolnt eot,c of cNl!AlliMtloa dUII to which th& cry,tol gp' 1 • blue
...
, of crynotltJat,
...
• Anoth&r crytlol having thit P<'(lporly •• msum: CoSO,
...
, ond bo
...
0,, ou•lng with 11N1lor, II cllangu lo 9rpsum
...
112 H
...
II H,O - C
...
ZH
...
• for - Ing docoratloft motonak
• for IIIOltlng 1urfoc:u 1mooth
...
,,
--------
-
- -
" ActMty
r••-•
Ac,t,,lty
'
--
-----
z
...
af dll111e lllApl\urlc ocld In a tut t\bc GIid add a f
...
• What do 'fO"' OOfel'Ye on the surface of r lnc gn,nulu?
• Past the gas biting evolved thrGUgh the soop tolutioft
...
bubblu farmed In the soop tolutlan? n Tak& a burftHlg talldlt - r a got filled b<
...
• What do y
...
lfflll"\
• • wlli1 •l"'"P~
O=
,,
...
,t
...
...
uuln -
0•- ---Nrint• bol
...
t
--~
i
...
1111011
011
...
i on Zn IIUrlocc
Zn• H•SO• - ZnSO
...
11
• Toke two tut tubu
...
!19 of sadiUffl carboftClte (No2C03) In tut ttA>c A~ about 0
...
• Add about 2 ml of dilute HCI to both the tut tubu,
• What do 'fO"' obur,c?
• Pau the gas produced in 14t h case through•~• wa~(cdtlUffl hydroxide solution) as "-n In Fig arid ruo,-
...
,i - , r - -~
s,•
...
\ ' f " - - ~llvrry l ubr
91('T--Tr
...
tfftl"YUCCIICt Is
milky
...
W-'('0,(G'I) • HoSOJ•)
...
!!u
...
c;t
...
6
• Tou about 2 mL of d
1ution?
• Add d
d ""'9" for the rcoctlOII mi>rt\N]
• Why did The colcKr of phu,olphTholcin d""'9" after the addit ion of an acld1
• Now add o fo, drops of NoOH To the abo
...
• 1>oc
...
~
Colour1011--
H
~
...
...
,_
...
'-Pink
(2)
(1 )
•
• Inltiolly pink color I• f
...
ppcar• after adding HC1 a• effect of o base is ,
...
YCrSO
NoOH("") • HCI(
...
o(l)
~ \~, 1-
...
7
...
- , of , _ , oxide '" a beolocr and odd dilute hyd•~hlOl'tc acid •lowly while atirring
• Note the co'°"' of the solut1-I
...
CUO("'I) • HO{oq)
...
,,ion
·~ z
...
1utlon, of glucoN, alcohol, hyd-hlorlc a
etc
...
ond plot • th& cor k In a 100 mL beolocr
...
, a 6 YOlt banc,y tilrough a bulb ond a ,witch
...
,, In Fig
...
,,t
...
• Whal do you ob-scrw:? n Repea t Tho uperlmcnl uparatcly with glue- Oftd alcohol 1alu1/on1
...
a the IMl/b glow In oil cGNa?
v'\
(}\'1Jll bil ll 11t Y-
~~~ lh11J
t - h11r h
,,
1
...
tb '""'• in prucnce of acid• but not in t OM of glueosc Oftd alcohol 1olutlon,
...
I
...
which help• ta conduct dutrlclty
Acfl¥11y Z
...
11d Noa I• o clean GIid dry tut tube ord NI
...
shown In Fig,
• Add t OM& t tiftCUltrotad suilphurtc ad d to the tuf tubt
...
, lhl dell,w,y ,
...
d I\ICCUSi',tly with dry""" Wit blue litmus ·
• ?• which cose dolJ the 11"""• pap&r c
...
Activity
...
,
u,_
...
SO
...
Oo!11M1I 11o11,
...
t
...
m d 1lo11df
Ob• HCI gos 11 released whlch tums wet blue lltfflUI red W HCI gos dolt not cl,ong& color o f dry blue litmus pap&r
...
so
...
Addo few drops of COf1C&l11rolcd H,SO, to It and swirl the bcoker slowly,
• Touch the of the bloker
...
a
,,,y woh sodium hydro•lde FCll•II and
,
...
• Taki 10 ffli
...
, natuni
...
11
• Tu! !ht pH
...
•• Tobi•
• Record yovr obtantattOM
• Wllol 11 the nature of ""'h ,ubstaoc• on t he bmll of yOYr ob,
...
SOI
...
c
...
ulc
Soll
...
8
octdlc
lemon Juice
p,nlc
acidic
color-tut a
...
1ll9htly ocld lc
corrot julta
yellow/ gt
...
o tf«
ycnow
5
ocldlc
Toma10 Ju~•
beige color
4I
ocldtC
t op water
orun/lwncQl'HII
7
neutral
IMNoOH
Plrplc
13
bo,,,
IM HCI
red
0-1
Highly at/die
ocldlc
•S-
·
...
Actiwlty I
...
• P\,t obout 2 g soil
...
F,ltcr the cont111tt and collcct tha filtrate 1n o ,
...
• Check the pH of thi1 llltn,t1 with t he help of unlvel'IOI >Odicotor pap1r
...
~
...
,
AcNwtty Z
...
ptfOUMII nltn,re,
...
,hot•
...
, IOdlu'" outota
...
011obla con oleo
ba tolicn)
only) Check Iha octlon of t - tolulic>nl on II"""' and f llld
• Check their colublllty lo wotar (u,e dlllillcd the pH Ufi"9 o p H -·
• Which of tho aoltt ore ocldic, bo1lc
• Report yO
,
...
4LT
'-"'"'""
...
SodiUffl Clllorldc ottt,tiurn Nltrott Zlnc Sulphall CopP
NoCI
~
...
die
Bas,c
a
...
I !I
• ~
...
o 6ry boiling tuba
...
, the t,o,llog ti,ba1
thue c,,
...
, on !he""""'• of copper 1ulphot1 obtained ofter ""°'"'9 ~
• Wllot do Y°" ob,
...
-,,toNll01- • - r a t u cha119h19 blue C
...
"'50,
...
O ◄ Cu50,
...
O
__
------ ,