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Title: A&P Straighterline Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT ANSWERS OF CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS
Description: The text presents questions related to the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, covering topics such as reflexes, sensory pathways, and cranial nerves. It delves into areas like muscle function, brain structure, nerve pathways, and spinal cord anatomy to test knowledge of the nervous system components. Key Insights Reflex arcs and sensory pathways play a crucial role in the nervous system’s functioning. Understanding the structure and function of brain parts like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem is essential. Hormones serve as intercellular chemical signals regulating growth, development, and reproduction. Hormones can be water-soluble or lipid-soluble, binding to different receptors and influencing gene expression. Target cells for hormones are identified by the presence of specific hormone receptor
Description: The text presents questions related to the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, covering topics such as reflexes, sensory pathways, and cranial nerves. It delves into areas like muscle function, brain structure, nerve pathways, and spinal cord anatomy to test knowledge of the nervous system components. Key Insights Reflex arcs and sensory pathways play a crucial role in the nervous system’s functioning. Understanding the structure and function of brain parts like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem is essential. Hormones serve as intercellular chemical signals regulating growth, development, and reproduction. Hormones can be water-soluble or lipid-soluble, binding to different receptors and influencing gene expression. Target cells for hormones are identified by the presence of specific hormone receptor
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A&P Straighterline Final EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT
ANSWERS OF CURRENTLY TESTING
SOLUTIONS
An isotonic contraction is described as
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
a muscle produces
constant tension during contraction
...
destroyed by cholinesterase
...
chemically bound to the cross bridges
...
secreted by the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell
...
released from troponin
...
returned to the sarcolemma
...
released from troponin
...
an increased number of muscle fibers
...
the nervous system's ability to recruit a large number of motor units simultaneously
...
elimination of unnecessary enzymes and metabolic pathways
...
elimination of all fat deposits
...
elimination of unnecessary connective tissue
...
the nervous system's ability to recruit a
large number of motor units simultaneously
...
possess striations
...
can contract but are not extensible or excitable
...
do not require nerve innervation to contract
...
increase dramatically in number after birth
...
are found in the walls of the stomach
...
possess striations
...
breaks down glycogen
b
...
acts as a reservoir for oxygen
d
...
stores glucose - ANSWER-c
...
Select one:
a
...
negatively charged
c
...
recharged
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
surrounds individual muscles
...
separates muscle fibers
...
connects muscles to bone
...
is a type of muscle tissue
...
is a type of nerve tissue
...
surrounds individual muscles
...
cell dies
...
cell regenerates
...
cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane
...
cell is no longer responsive
...
original polarity of the cell is restored
...
original polarity of the cell is restored
...
contraction of the heart
b
...
movement of food through the digestive tract
d
...
vasoconstriction - ANSWER-b
...
can rapidly develop action potentials
b
...
relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time
d
...
enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin - ANSWER-c
...
neuromuscular junctions
...
sarcomeres
...
myofilaments
...
Z disks
...
cell body of neuron
...
neuromuscular junctions
...
(1) muscle fiber
(2) myofilament
(3) myofibril
(4) muscle fasciculus
Select one:
a
...
2, 1, 4, 3
c
...
2, 3, 1, 4
e
...
2, 3, 1, 4
Which of the following is NOT true of muscular atrophy?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Myosin phosphatase
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm?
Select one:
a
...
smooth muscle
c
...
skeletal muscle
An isometric contraction is described as
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?
Select one:
a
...
negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane
c
...
the repulsion of potassium ions by the intracellular anions
e
...
negatively charged proteins do not readily
diffuse across the plasma membrane
A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't
...
an all-or-none response
...
a graded response
...
a latent period response
...
a relative refractory response
...
an arbitrary response
...
an all-or-none response
...
is raised by sweating
...
results from the heat produced when muscles contract
...
will increase after blood vessels in the skin constrict
...
is lowered by shivering
...
decreases when the rate of the chemical reactions increase
...
results from the heat
produced when muscles contract
...
may contain groups of cells that function as an independent unit
...
occurs in sheets and exhibits numerous gap junctions
...
contracts only when stimulated
...
does not function as a unit
...
All of these choices are correct
...
occurs in sheets and exhibits numerous gap junctions
...
B) endomysium
...
D) hypomysium
...
- ANSWER-A) perimysium
...
whole muscle
2
...
myofilament
4
...
muscle fasciculus
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the correct order from the largest to the smallest
structure
...
B) contains sarcoplasmic reticulum
...
D) contains T tubules
...
- ANSWER-E) is the same thing as a muscle fiber
...
B) found primarily in the I band
...
D) absent from the H zone
...
- ANSWER-E) attached to filaments that form the M line
...
B) The head of the myosin molecule binds to an active site on G actin
...
D) Troponin binds to the rodlike portion of myosin
...
- ANSWER-B)
The head of the myosin molecule binds to an active site on G actin
...
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
...
D) terminal cisternae
...
- ANSWER-A) T tubule system
...
B) Na+ increases
...
D) Ca2+ decreases
...
During depolarization, the inside of the membrane
A) becomes more negative than the outside of the membrane
...
C) is unchanged
...
During repolarization of the plasma membrane,
A) Na+ move to the inside of the cell
...
C) K+ move to the inside of the cell
...
- ANSWER-D) K+ move to the outside of the cell
...
acetylcholine broken down into acetic acid and choline
2
...
action potential reaches the terminal branch of the motor neuron
4
...
action potential is produced on the muscle fiber's plasma membrane
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur at a neuromuscular junction
...
B) synthesizes acetylcholine from acetic acid and choline
...
D) breaks down acetylcholine
...
- ANSWER-D) breaks down acetylcholine
...
sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
2
...
Ca2+ diffuse into myofibrils
4
...
sarcomere shortens
6
...
A) 1,3,4,5,2,6
B) 2,3,5,4,6,1
C) 4,1,3,5,2,6
D) 4,2,3,5,1,6
E) 5,1,4,3,2,6
F) 4,1,3,5,2,6 - ANSWER-C) 4,1,3,5,2,6
Given these events:
1
...
Ca2+ combine with troponin
3
...
troponin pulls away from actin
5
...
troponin pulls away from myosin
7
...
A) 1,4,7
B) 2,5,6
C) 1,3,7
D) 2,4,7
E) 2,3,7 - ANSWER-E) 2,3,7
Which of these regions shortens during skeletal muscle contraction?
A) A band
B) I band
C) H zone
D) both a and b
E) both b and c - ANSWER-E) both b and c
With stimuli of increasing strength, which of these is capable of a graded response?
A) nerve axon
B) muscle fiber
C) motor unit
D) whole muscle - ANSWER-D) whole muscle
Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal muscle cell, multiple-wave summation occurs because
of
A) increased strength of action potentials on the plasma membrane
...
C) an increase in Ca2+ concentration around the myofibrils
...
E) increased permeability of the sarcolemma to Ca2+
...
Which of these events occurs during the lag (latent) phase of muscle contraction?
A) cross-bridge movement
B) active transport of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Ca2+ bind to troponin
D) the sarcomere shortens
E) ATP is broken down to ADP - ANSWER-C) Ca2+ bind to troponin
A weight lifter attempts to lift a weight from the floor, but the weight is so heavy he is unable to move it
...
B) isotonic
...
D) concentric
...
- ANSWER-A) isometric
...
B) that the greatest force of contraction occurs if a muscle is not stretched at all
...
D) that optimal overlap of actin and myosin produces the greatest force of contraction
...
- ANSWERD) that optimal overlap of actin and myosin produces the greatest force of contraction
...
low ATP levels
2
...
cross-bridges release
4
...
cross-bridges form
Choose the conditions that occur in both physiologic contracture and rigor mortis
...
Which of these sources provides most
of the energy for his run?
A) aerobic respiration
B) anaerobic respiration
C) creatine phosphate
D) stored ATP - ANSWER-A) aerobic respiration
Which of these conditions would one expect to find within the leg muscle cells of a world-class marathon
runner?
A) myoglobin-poor
B) contract very quickly
C) primarily anaerobic
D) numerous mitochondria
E) large deposits of glycogen - ANSWER-D) numerous mitochondria
Which of these increases the least as a result of muscle hypertrophy?
A) increase in number of sarcomeres
B) increase in number of myofibrils
C) increase in number of fibers
D) increase in blood vessels and mitochondria
E) increase in connective tissue - ANSWER-C) increase in number of fibers
Relaxation in smooth muscle occurs when
A) myosin kinase attaches phosphate to the myosin head
...
C) myosin phosphatase removes phosphate from myosin
...
E) Ca2+ are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
...
Compared to skeletal muscle, visceral smooth muscle
A) has the same ability to be stretched
...
C) maintains about the same tension, even when stretched
...
E) can accumulate a substantial oxygen debt
...
Which of these often have spontaneous contractions?
A) multiunit smooth muscle
B) visceral smooth muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) both a and b
E) both b and c - ANSWER-B) visceral smooth muscle
Which of these statements concerning aging and skeletal muscle is correct?
A) There is a loss of muscle fibers with aging
...
C) Loss of strength and speed is mainly due to loss of neuromuscular junctions
...
E) The number of motor neurons remains constant
...
The patellar or knee-jerk reflex is a classic example of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7
...
loss of sensation in the trunk below the shoulders, the lower limbs and portions of the arms
b
...
loss of movement in the lower limbs
d
...
loss of sensation in hands and feet - ANSWER-b
...
What part of the
brain is most likely damaged?
Select one:
a
...
the frontal lobe
c
...
the pyramids
e
...
the cerebellum
If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ____ nerve
...
radial
b
...
axillary
d
...
ulnar - ANSWER-b
...
muscle spindles detect tension in a tendon
...
alpha motor neurons are inhibited causing muscle relaxation
...
gamma motor neurons cause muscle contraction
...
there is reciprocal innervation to facilitate the reflex
...
alpha motor neurons are stimulated causing muscle contraction
...
alpha motor neurons
are inhibited causing muscle relaxation
...
thalamus
...
epithalamus
...
hypothalamus
...
subthalamus
...
hyperthalamus
...
epithalamus
...
has recently evolved
...
is associated with basic survival instincts of nutrition, memory, and reproduction
...
controls voluntary movements of the arms and legs
...
is a memory area in the midbrain
...
includes the brainstem
...
is associated with basic survival instincts of nutrition, memory,
and reproduction
...
Select one:
a
...
parietal lobe
c
...
temporal lobe
e
...
temporal lobe
The spinal cord ends at the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-d
...
The cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the CNS by means of nerve tracts called the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
The part of the brain that connects the medulla to the midbrain is the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others?
Select one:
a
...
midbrain
c
...
thalamus
e
...
thalamus
Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs?
Select one:
a
...
7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 6 sacral - 1 coccygeal
c
...
8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
e
...
8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5
lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
The nucleus for the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is located in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?
Select one:
a
...
epidural space
c
...
subdural space
e
...
subarachnoid space
When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep
...
Select one:
a
...
sciatic
c
...
pudendal
e
...
sciatic
The spinal cord extends from the
A) medulla oblongata to the coccyx
...
C) level of the axis to the lowest lumbar vertebra
...
E) axis to the sacral hiatus
...
The structure that anchors the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx is the
A) conus medullaris
...
C) filum terminale
...
E) posterior median sulcus
...
Axons of sensory neurons synapse with the cell bodies of interneurons in the _____________ of spinal
cord gray matter
...
B) lateral horn of spinal cord gray matter
...
D) dorsal root ganglia
...
- ANSWER-D) dorsal root ganglia
...
effector organ
2
...
motor neuron
4
...
sensory receptor
Choose the correct order an action potential follows after a sensory receptor is stimulated
...
B) divergent pathways
...
D) sensory perception in the spinal cord
...
Several of the events that occurred between the time that a physician struck a patient's patellar tendon
with a rubber hammer and the time the quadriceps femoris contracted (knee-jerk reflex) are listed
below:
1
...
stretch of the muscle spindles
3
...
stretch of the quadriceps femoris
5
...
A) Alpha motor neurons
B) Sensory neurons
C) Gamma motor neurons
D) Golgi tendon organs
E) Inhibitory interneurons - ANSWER-C) Gamma motor neurons
Which of these events occurs when a person steps on a tack with the right foot?
A) The right foot is pulled away from the tack because of the Golgi tendon reflex
...
C) The flexor muscles of the right thigh contract, and the extensor muscles of the right thigh relax
because of reciprocal innervation
...
- ANSWER-C) The
flexor muscles of the right thigh contract, and the extensor muscles of the right thigh relax because of
reciprocal innervation
...
dorsal ramus
2
...
plexus
4
...
ventral root
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that an action potential passes through
them, given that the action potential originates in the spinal cord and propagates to a peripheral nerve
...
B) loss of motor function
...
- ANSWER-C) both a and b
...
B) nucleus
...
D) plexus
...
A dermatome
A) is the area of skin supplied by a pair of spinal nerves
...
D) all of the above
...
Which of these nerves arises from the cervical plexus?
A) median
B) musculocutaneous
C) phrenic
D) obturator
E) ulnar - ANSWER-C) phrenic
The skin on the posterior surface of the hand is supplied by the
A) median nerve
...
C) ulnar nerve
...
E) radial nerve
...
Most the ulnar muscles and most of the flexor muscles of the forearm are supplied by the
A) musculocutaneous nerve
...
C) median nerve
...
E) axillary nerve
...
Most intrinsic hand muscles are supplied by the
A) musculocutaneous nerve
...
C) median nerve
...
E) axillary nerve
...
The sciatic nerve is actually two nerves combined within the same sheath
...
B) femoral and gluteal
...
D) common fibular (peroneal) and obturator
...
- ANSWER-C) common fibular (peroneal) and tibial
...
B) gluteal nerve
...
D) femoral nerve
...
- ANSWER-D) femoral nerve
...
B) pons and midbrain
...
D) thalamus and cerebrum
...
- ANSWER-C) midbrain and diencephalon
...
B) medulla oblongata
...
D) pons
...
- ANSWER-B) medulla oblongata
...
B) cerebellum
...
D) midbrain
E) limbic system
...
The cerebral peduncles are a major descending motor pathway found in the
A) cerebrum
...
C) pons
...
E) medulla oblongata
...
The superior colliculi are involved in _____________, whereas the inferior colliculi are involved in
_____________
...
B) cerebellar peduncles
...
D) lateral hemispheres
...
- ANSWER-B) cerebellar peduncles
...
B) thalamus
...
D) cerebellum
...
- ANSWER-B) thalamus
...
B) epithalamus
...
D) thalamus
...
Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
A) regulates autonomic nervous system functions
B) regulates the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary
C) regulates body temperature
D) regulates food intake (hunger) and water intake (thirst)
E) all of the above - ANSWER-E) all of the above
The grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are called the
A) nuclei
...
C) tracts
...
E) gyri
...
Which of these areas is located in the postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex?
A) olfactory cortex
B) visual cortex
C) primary motor cortex
D) primary somatic sensory cortex
E) primary auditory cortex - ANSWER-D) primary somatic sensory cortex
Which of these cerebral lobes is important in voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, sense of
smell, and mood?
A) frontal
B) insula
C) occipital
D) parietal
E) temporal - ANSWER-A) frontal
Fibers that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere are
A) projection fibers
...
C) association fibers
...
- ANSWER-C) association fibers
...
B) dura mater
...
D) epidural mater
...
The ventricles of the brain are interconnected
...
The cerebrospinal fluid leaves the subarachnoid space through the _____________
...
third ventricle
2
...
subarachnoid space
4
...
superior sagittal sinus
Which of these spaces contains only cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A) 1, 3
B) 1,2,3
C) 1,3,5
D) 1,2,3,5
E) 2,3,4,5 - ANSWER-A) 1, 3
Which of these parts of the embryonic brain is correctly matched with the structure it becomes in the
adult brain?
A) mesencephalon-midbrain
B) metencephalon-medulla oblongata
C) myelencephalon-cerebrum
D) telencephalon-pons and cerebellum - ANSWER-A) mesencephalon-midbrain
The cranial nerve involved in chewing food is the
A) trochlear (IV)
...
C) abducent (VI)
...
E) vestibulocochlear (VIII)
...
The cranial nerve responsible for focusing the eye (innervates the ciliary muscle of the eye) is the
A) optic (II)
...
C) trochlear (IV)
...
E) facial (VII)
...
The cranial nerve involved in moving the tongue is the
A) trigeminal (V)
...
C) glossopharyngeal (IX)
...
E) hypoglossal (XII)
...
The cranial nerve involved in feeling a toothache is the
A) trochlear (IV)
...
C) abducent (VI)
...
E) vestibulocochlear (VIII)
...
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
optic (II)
3
...
abducent (VI)
5
...
A) 1,2,3
B) 2,3,4
C) 1,2,5
D) 2,3,5
E) 3,4,5 - ANSWER-C) 1,2,5
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
oculomotor (III)
3
...
trigeminal (V)
5
...
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,2,4,
C) 2,3,4
D) 2,4,5
E) 2,3,5 - ANSWER-E) 2,3,5
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
facial (VII)
3
...
vagus (X)
5
...
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,4,5
C) 2,3,4
D) 2,3,5
E) 3,4,5 - ANSWER-C) 2,3,4
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
facial (VII)
3
...
vagus (X)
5
...
A) 1,2
B) 2,3
C) 3,4
D) 4,5
E) 3,5 - ANSWER-B) 2,3
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
trigeminal (V)
3
...
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
5
...
vagus (X)
Select the nerves that are part of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
...
an EEG
...
a brain wave
...
a memory engram
...
short-term memory
...
a memory trace
...
a memory engram
...
association neurons
...
premotor neurons
...
postmotor neurons
...
sensory neurons
...
sensory receptors
...
premotor neurons
...
Select one:
a
...
somatic
c
...
undifferentiated
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Select one:
a
...
beta
c
...
theta
e
...
beta
Receptors that release neurotransmitters in response to a receptor potential as
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Select one:
a
...
corticobulbar tract - movements in the head and face
c
...
vestibulospinal tract - maintains upright posture
e
...
rubrospinal tract - two-point
discrimination
The cerebellum functions as a comparator
...
the incoming sensory stimuli with the outgoing sensory stimuli
...
intended movements with actual movements
...
spinal cord activity with the activity of the cerebrum
...
the right cerebellar hemisphere with the left cerebellar hemisphere
...
and coordinates rapid, complex movements like figure skating
...
intended movements
with actual movements
...
auditory association area
b
...
primary motor area
d
...
Wernicke area
...
primary auditory cortex
The right cerebral hemisphere
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
The conscious perception of cutaneous sensations occurs in the cerebral cortex, but these sensations are
perceived as if they were on the surface of the body
...
association
...
perception
...
projection
...
integration
...
localization - ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following is an example of procedural or implicit memory?
Select one:
a
...
riding a bicycle
c
...
being afraid of snakes
e
...
riding a bicycle
If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions
needed to carry out this action
...
visual cortex
b
...
prefrontal area
d
...
visual association area - ANSWER-b
...
compression of receptors
...
irritation of nerve endings
...
light striking the receptors
...
binding of molecules to membrane receptors
...
a change in temperature
...
compression of receptors
...
hippocampus and amygdala
...
central sulcus and Wernicke's area
...
cerebellum and premotor area of cerebral cortex
...
temporal lobe and frontal lobe
...
pons and midbrain
...
cerebellum and premotor area of cerebral cortex
...
interpret sound
...
coordinate movement
...
control body temperature
...
regulate consciousness
...
regulate sleep patterns
...
coordinate movement
...
sensations of touch from both sides below the level of injury
...
proprioception on the same side of the body below the level of the injury
...
cutaneous sensations on the opposite side of the body below the level of injury
...
sensations of vibration on the opposite side of the body at the level of the injury
...
sensations of tickle on the same side of the body below the level of injury
...
cutaneous
sensations on the opposite side of the body below the level of injury
...
vision
...
taste
...
touch
...
smell
...
smell
...
(4) decreased tone in the skeletal muscles
The patient is probably suffering from a condition that affected the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has damaged the primary motor area of his right
cerebral cortex
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his right arm or leg
...
patient feels no sensations on the left side of his body
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his left eye
...
patient's heart stops beating
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his
left arm or leg
...
Select one:
a
...
infrahyoid
c
...
suprahyoid
e
...
suprahyoid
The radial pulse can be felt just lateral to the tendon of the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The muscle that is used to cross the legs is the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
The levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
Which back muscle inserts on the ribs and vertebrae?
Select one:
a
...
longissimus capitis
c
...
multifidus
e
...
erector spinae
Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps group?
Select one:
a
...
rectus femoris
c
...
vastus medialis
e
...
biceps femoris
What back muscle originates on the vertebral spinous processes?
Select one:
a
...
longissimus capitis
c
...
multifidus
e
...
interspinales
The abdominal muscle that has its origin at the pubic crest and symphysis pubis is the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following is a part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
Select one:
a
...
sartorius
c
...
tensor fasciae latae
e
...
vastus lateralis
The biceps femoris is part of the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following muscles contracts during forced expiration?
Select one:
a
...
diaphragm
c
...
internal intercostals
e
...
internal intercostals
Which back muscle extends and rotates the vertebral column?
Select one:
a
...
longissimus capitis
c
...
multifidus
e
...
multifidus
Which of the following muscles extends the forearm and has its insertion on the ulna?
Select one:
a
...
biceps brachii
c
...
brachialis
e
...
triceps brachii
Which of the following muscles is used when walking on your tiptoes?
Select one:
a
...
tibialis anterior
c
...
extensor digitorum longus
e
...
gastrocnemius
When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abdomen, you use the rectus abdominis, external
abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles
...
fixators
...
synergists
...
antagonists
...
prime movers
...
cooperatives - ANSWER-b
...
Of the following muscles of the forearm, which one rotates the forearm to turn the palm upwards?
Select one:
a
...
triceps brachii
c
...
pronator quadratus
e
...
supinator
Muscles that change the shape of the tongue are called
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm
...
pectoralis major
b
...
teres major
d
...
coracobrachialis - ANSWER-d
...
scalenes
...
diaphragm
...
external intercostals
...
internal intercostals
...
transverses thoracis
...
diaphragm
...
Select one:
a
...
electrical
c
...
intracellular
e
...
electrical
Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron
...
the kind of neuron involved
b
...
whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated
d
...
This situation is not possible in humans
...
the number of EPSPs in relation to the number
of IPSPs
If you cut bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the PNS, you cut
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when transmission is
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Continuous conduction of an action potential means that
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following situations will lead to hyperpolarization?
Select one:
a
...
decrease the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ ions
c
...
any positive ion entering the cell
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
When two or more presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron in the CNS, a(n)
_______ pathway is formed
...
convergent
b
...
oscillatory
d
...
sensory - ANSWER-a
...
central nervous system
b
...
somatic nervous system
d
...
None of these choices is correct
...
central nervous system
In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential), there is a
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
The plasma membrane of a neuron is more permeable to potassium ions because
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Receptor molecules
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
The absolute refractory period ends when
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following is NOT true of reactive astrocytosis?
Select one:
a
...
scars limit regeneration
c
...
reduces injury to surrounding tissue
Feedback - ANSWER-c
...
They can wall off an injury site to prevent spread of inflammation
...
They can prevent toxic substances from entering brain tissue
...
They can release chemicals that promote formation of synapses
...
They can aid in the regeneration of injured neurons
...
They can aid in the regeneration of
injured neurons
...
Which of the following occurs last?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Depolarization of the nerve cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The patellar or knee-jerk reflex is a classic example of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
the crossed extensor reflex
...
reciprocal innervation
...
the stretch reflex
Depth perception
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
Feedback - ANSWER-d
...
As an object moves closer to the eye,
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The utricle and saccule are involved in
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Rhodopsin is found in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
What ion(s) cause(s) depolarization in olfactory neurons?
Select one:
a
...
Ca2+
c
...
Both Na+ and K+
e
...
Both Na+ and Ca2+
Which of the following statements is NOT true of hyperopia?
Select one:
a
...
close objects are fuzzy
c
...
corrected by convex lenses
e
...
corrected by "minus" lenses
Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum
...
dizziness
...
light headedness
...
feeling of a "full" ear
...
ringing in the ears
...
hearing impairment
...
hearing impairment
...
The cochlear duct is filled with perilymph
...
The bony core of the cochlea is called the modiolus
...
The foot plate of the incus fits into the round window
...
The vestibule is one of the regions of the organ of corti
...
The spiral organ is found in the semicircular canals
...
The bony core of the cochlea is called
the modiolus
...
conjunctiva
b
...
retina
d
...
pupil - ANSWER-d
...
eyes
...
eyelids
...
eyebrows
...
eyelashes
...
conjunctiva
...
eyelids
...
more rhodopsin is formed
...
retinal separates from opsin
...
the cones generate action potentials
...
free retinal is converted to vitamin A
...
retinal becomes more attached to opsin
...
retinal separates from opsin
...
Rods cannot detect color
...
The visual pigment of cones is iodopsin
...
Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
...
Association neurons in the inner retinal layers modify signals of rods and cones
...
Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
...
Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
...
the lens becoming more rigid with age
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
its proteoglycan content is high
...
it is easy to access and is a vascular
...
it has an extensive blood supply
...
its high immunological activity prevents infection
...
it is not attached to the eye
...
it is easy to access and is a vascular
...
photoreceptors, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and optic nerve
...
photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve
...
photoreceptors, bipolar cells, optic nerve, and ganglion cells
...
photoreceptors, ganglion cells, optic nerve, and bipolar cells
...
ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and optic nerve
...
photoreceptors, bipolar
cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve
...
malleus
b
...
cochlear duct
d
...
ossicle - ANSWER-b
...
mitral cells
b
...
basal cells
d
...
mitral cells
What part of the CNS integrates thoughts and emotions to produce ANS responses?
Select one:
a
...
cerebellum
c
...
hypothalamus - ANSWER-d
...
It is "love at first sight
...
sympathetic division
b
...
somatic motor division
d
...
both sympathetic division and parasympathetic division - ANSWER-a
...
somatotrophic receptors
...
muscarinic receptors
...
adrenergic receptors
...
nicotinic receptors
...
macrotinic receptors
...
nicotinic receptors
...
a nicotinic agent
b
...
alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
d
...
ganglionic blocking agents - ANSWER-d
...
distal reflex
b
...
local reflex
d
...
local reflex
Autonomic reflexes might be integrated in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
Axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all of the following except
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Where is the enteric nervous system located?
Select one:
a
...
heart
c
...
skin - ANSWER-c
...
can be activated by the release of epinephrine
...
have two structural forms - muscarinic and nicotinic
...
when activated stimulate skeletal muscles to contract
...
can be found in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
...
are activated by the release of acetylcholine
...
can be activated by the release of
epinephrine
...
the absence of preganglionic fibers
...
the absence of postganglionic axons
...
short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
The ANS innervates skeletal muscle
...
ANS functions are consciously controlled
...
The ANS controls unconscious movement of skeletal muscles
...
The receptor molecules of the ANS may be muscarinic, nicotinic, or adrenergic
...
A single neuron from the spinal cord carries action potentials to effector organs in the - ANSWER-d
...
Which of the following is NOT a means of parasympathetic innervation of effectors?
Select one:
a
...
abdominal nerve plexuses
c
...
cranial nerves to the head and neck
e
...
spinal nerves
The two classes of adrenergic receptors are
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following neurons is most likely to be adrenergic?
Select one:
a
...
preganglionic parasympathetic
c
...
postganglionic parasympathetic
e
...
postganglionic sympathetic
Consider the following situation: Sympathetic preganglionic axons enter a sympathetic chain ganglia
...
a splanchnic nerve
...
a sympathetic nerve
...
a gray ramus communicans
...
a white ramus communicans
...
a dorsal root ganglion
...
a splanchnic nerve
...
cause vasoconstriction
...
block muscarinic receptors
...
dilate the pupils of the eye
...
prevent increases in heart rate
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
increased blood pressure
b
...
increased metabolism
d
...
decreased motility of the digestive tract - ANSWER-b
...
results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell
...
produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone
...
is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors
...
produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue
...
moves the receptors up on the membrane
...
produces an increase in the sensitivity of the
target cell to the hormone
...
acute hormone secretion
b
...
long-term hormone secretion
d
...
episodic hormone secretion
A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane
...
(1) alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2) GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3) G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4) alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5) G-protein subunits bind to the receptor
Select one:
a
...
4, 2, 1, 3, 5
c
...
5, 4, 2, 1, 3
e
...
5, 2, 3, 4, 1
In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present
...
up-regulation
...
over-regulation
...
down-regulation
...
a lack of regulation
...
modulation
...
down-regulation
...
in the cytoplasm of their target cells
...
on the plasma membrane of their target cells
...
in the lysosomes of their target cells
...
on the nuclear membrane of their target cells
...
in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells
...
in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells
...
1, 3, 4
b
...
2, 3, 4
d
...
1, 2, 4 - ANSWER-c
...
the action of a substance other than a hormone
...
the nervous system
...
other hormones
...
All of these choices are correct
...
None of these choices is correct
...
All of these choices are correct
...
are secreted into the external environment where they act
...
affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues
...
help coordinate growth, development and reproduction
...
operate primarily by positive feedback
...
help coordinate growth, development and
reproduction
...
cGMP
b
...
calmodulin
d
...
cGMP
Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?
Select one:
a
...
its location near the gland that secretes that hormone
c
...
its ability to inactivate the hormone
e
...
the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?
Select one:
a
...
large hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream
c
...
rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream
e
...
most readily diffuse
through capillary walls
Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model:
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA
...
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm)
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated
...
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?
Select one:
a
...
1, 3, 4
c
...
3, 4, 5
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Select one:
a
...
decreased in number
c
...
moved
e
...
increased in number,
decreased in number and chemically altered
Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
Feedback - ANSWER-c
...
What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?
Select one:
a
...
neurotransmitter
c
...
endocrine - ANSWER-a
...
lipid-soluble
b
...
water-soluble
d
...
lipid-soluble
Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease
...
Select one:
a
...
neural
c
...
visceral - ANSWER-c
...
action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs
...
a muscle produces constant tension during contraction
...
a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction
...
a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens
...
a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing - ANSWER-b
...
After contraction has occurred, the calcium is
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
Increased strength of a trained muscle is due to
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Skeletal muscle fibers
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following correctly describes myoglobin's special function in muscle tissue?
Select one:
a
...
synthesizes ATP
c
...
produces action potentials
e
...
acts as a reservoir for oxygen
The outside of the resting plasma membrane is __________ relative to the inside of the resting plasma
membrane
...
positively charged
b
...
electrically neutral
d
...
None of these choices is correct
...
positively charged
Fascia
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
When repolarization of the cell membrane is complete, the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle?
Select one:
a
...
moving your feet in walking
c
...
emptying of the urinary bladder
e
...
moving your feet in walking
What is smooth muscle tone?
Select one:
a
...
shallow invaginations of cell membrane
c
...
intracellular cytoskeleton
e
...
relatively constant tension maintained for
a period of time
The sites where a chemical substance is transmitted from the presynaptic terminal of an axon to the
postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber are called
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
List the following structures in order from smallest to largest
...
4, 2, 3, 1
b
...
3, 1, 4, 2
d
...
1, 2, 3, 4 - ANSWER-d
...
It is irreversible
...
It can be caused by disuse
...
It can be caused by denervation
...
Transcutaneous stimulation can help prevent it
...
Muscle fibers are replaced by connective tissue
...
It is irreversible
...
activates myosin kinase
...
forms the cross-bridge
...
removes phosphate from myosin
...
binds to calcium-calmodulin complex
...
opens calcium channels
...
removes phosphate from myosin
...
skeletal muscle
b
...
cardiac muscle - ANSWER-a
...
action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs
...
a muscle produces constant tension during contraction
...
a muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant
...
a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens
...
a muscle produces tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing
...
a muscle produces
an increasing tension as the length remains constant
...
the functioning of the sodium-chloride pump
b
...
the attraction of chloride ions to other intracellular anions
d
...
the attraction of sodium ions to chloride ions - ANSWER-b
...
This is called
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Body temperature
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Visceral smooth muscle
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Which of these is true of skeletal muscle?
A) spindle-shaped cells
B) under involuntary control
C) many peripherally located nuclei per muscle cell
D) forms the walls of hollow internal organs
E) may be autorhythmic - ANSWER-C) many peripherally located nuclei per muscle cell
Which of these is not a major functional characteristic of muscle?
A) contractility
B) elasticity
C) excitability
D) extensibility
E) secretability - ANSWER-E) secretability
The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle fasciculus is the
A) perimysium
...
C) epimysium (fascia)
...
E) external lamina
...
Given these structures:
1
...
muscle fiber (cell)
3
...
myofibril
5
...
A) 1,2,5,3,4
B) 1,2,5,4,3
C) 1,5,2,3,4
D) 1,5,2,4,3
E) 1,5,4,2,3 - ANSWER-D) 1,5,2,4,3
Each myofibril
A) is made up of many muscle fibers
...
C) is made up of many sarcomeres
...
E) is the same thing as a muscle fiber
...
Myosin myofilaments are
A) attached to the Z disk
...
C) thinner than actin myofilaments
...
E) attached to filaments that form the M line
...
Which of these statements about the molecular structure of myofilaments is true?
A) Tropomyosin has a binding site for Ca2+
...
C) ATPase is found on troponin
...
E) Actin molecules have a hingelike portion that bends and straightens during contraction
...
The part of the sarcolemma that invaginates into the interior of the skeletal muscle cells is the
A) T tubule system
...
C) myofibrils
...
E) mitochondria
...
During the depolarization phase of an action potential, the permeability of the plasma membrane to
A) Ca2+ increases
...
C) K+ increases
...
E) Na+ decreases - ANSWER-B) Na+ increases
...
B) becomes more positive than the outside of the membrane
...
- ANSWER-B) becomes more positive than the outside of the membrane
...
B) Na+ move to the outside of the cell
...
D) K+ move to the outside of the cell
...
Given these events:
1
...
acetylcholine moves across the synaptic cleft
3
...
acetylcholine combines with a receptor molecule
5
...
A) 2,3,4,1,5
B) 3,2,4,5,1
C) 3,4,2,1,5
D) 4,5,2,1,3
E) 5,1,2,4,3 - ANSWER-B) 3,2,4,5,1
Acetylcholinesterase is an important molecule in the neuromuscular junction because it
A) stimulates receptors on the presynaptic terminal
...
C) stimulates receptors within the postsynaptic membrane
...
E) causes the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
...
Given these events:
1
...
sarcoplasmic reticulum takes up Ca2+
3
...
action potential moves down the T tubule
5
...
muscle relaxes
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur following a single stimulation of a
skeletal muscle cell
...
Ca2+ combine with tropomyosin
2
...
tropomyosin pulls away from actin
4
...
tropomyosin pulls away from myosin
6
...
myosin binds to actin
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur during muscle contraction
...
B) a decreased number of cross-bridges formed
...
D) an increased number of motor units recruited
...
- ANSWER-C) an increase in Ca2+ concentration
around the myofibrils
...
The type of muscle contraction the weight lifter used was mostly
A) isometric
...
C) isokinetic
...
E) eccentric
...
An active tension curve illustrates
A) how isometric contractions occur
...
C) that passive tension can create active tension
...
E) that the greatest force of contraction occurs with little or no overlap of actin and myosin
...
Which of these types of fatigue is the most common?
A) muscular fatigue
B) psychologic fatigue
C) synaptic fatigue
D) army fatigue - ANSWER-B) psychologic fatigue
Given these conditions:
1
...
little or no transport of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
3
...
Na+ accumulate in the sarcoplasm
5
...
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,2,5
C) 1,2,3,4
D) 1,2,4,5
E) 1,2,3,4,5 - ANSWER-D) 1,2,4,5
Jerry Jogger's 3 mile run every morning takes about 30 minutes
...
B) Ca2+ bind to calmodulin
...
D) Ca2+ channels open
...
- ANSWER-C) myosin phosphatase removes
phosphate from myosin
...
B) when stretched, loses the ability to contract forcefully
...
D) cannot maintain long, steady contractions
...
- ANSWER-C) maintains about the same tension, even
when stretched
...
B) Slow-twitch fibers decrease in number faster than fast-twitch fibers
...
D) There is an increase in density of capillaries in skeletal muscle
...
- ANSWER-A) There is a loss of muscle fibers with
aging
...
the Golgi tendon reflex
...
the withdrawal reflex
...
the stretch reflex
...
the crossed extensor reflex
...
reciprocal innervation
...
the stretch reflex
...
Which of the following would
NOT occur?
Select one:
a
...
loss of use of the phrenic nerves and paralysis of the diaphragm
c
...
loss of movement in the hands
e
...
loss of use of the phrenic nerves and paralysis of the diaphragm
A person with a lesion in the brain exhibited the following manifestations: normal tension in skeletal
muscle, disturbed fine motor control, exhibited tremors when reaching for objects
...
the prefrontal lobe
b
...
the basal ganglia
d
...
the cerebellum - ANSWER-e
...
Select one:
a
...
median
c
...
musculocutaneous
e
...
median
In the Golgi tendon reflex,
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The habenular nuclei and pineal body are both found in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The limbic system
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The lateral fissure separates the _____ from the rest of the cerebrum
...
frontal lobe
b
...
occipital lobe
d
...
cerebellum - ANSWER-d
...
sacrum
...
coccyx
...
5th lumbar vertebrae
...
2nd lumbar vertebrae
...
2nd lumbar vertebrae
...
telencephalon
...
mesencephalon
...
diencephalon
...
metencephalon
...
rhombencephalon
...
telencephalon
...
vermis
...
flocculonodular pathways
...
cerebellar peduncles
...
arbor vitae
...
folia
...
cerebellar peduncles
...
cerebral peduncle
...
pons
...
cerebellum
...
thalamus
...
hypothalamus
...
pons
...
ganglion
...
dermatome
...
cord
...
plexus
...
nerve
...
plexus
...
medulla oblongata
b
...
pons
d
...
reticular formation - ANSWER-d
...
7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
b
...
8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 4 sacral - 1 coccygeal
d
...
7 cervical - 13 thoracic - 6 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal - ANSWER-d
...
pons
...
medulla
...
mesencephalon
...
cerebrum
...
cerebellum
...
pons
...
dural sinus
b
...
subarachnoid space
d
...
sagittal sinus - ANSWER-c
...
" This
sensation is the result of compressing the _____ nerve
...
femoral
b
...
obturator
d
...
ulnar - ANSWER-b
...
B) level of the third cervical vertebra to the coccyx
...
D) medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra
...
- ANSWER-B) level of the third cervical vertebra to the coccyx
...
B) cauda equina
...
D) lumbar enlargement
...
- ANSWER-C) filum terminale
...
A) anterior horn
B) lateral horn
C) posterior horn
D) gray commissure
E) lateral funiculi - ANSWER-C) posterior horn
Cell bodies for sensory neurons are located in the
A) anterior horn of spinal cord gray matter
...
C) posterior horn of spinal cord gray matter
...
E) posterior columns
...
Given these components of a reflex arc:
1
...
interneuron
3
...
sensory neuron
5
...
A) 5,4,3,2,1
B) 5,4,2,3,1
C) 5,3,4,1,2
D) 5,2,4,3,1
E) 5,3,2,1,4 - ANSWER-B) 5,4,2,3,1
A reflex response accompanied by the conscious sensation of pain is possible because of
A) convergent pathways
...
C) a reflex arc that contains only one neuron
...
- ANSWER-B) divergent pathways
...
increased frequency of action potentials in sensory neurons
2
...
increased frequency of action potentials in the alpha motor neurons
4
...
contraction of the quadriceps femoris
Which of these lists most closely describes the sequence of events as they normally occur?
A) 4,1,2,3,5
B) 4,1,3,2,5
C) 1,4,3,2,5
D) 4,2,1,3,5
E) 4,2,3,1,5 - ANSWER-D) 4,2,1,3,5
_____________ are responsible for regulating the sensitivity of the muscle spindle
...
B) The left leg is extended to support the body because of the stretch reflex
...
D) Extensor muscles contract in both thighs because of the crossed extensor reflex
...
Which of these is a correct count of the spinal nerves?
A) 9 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
B) 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
C) 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
D) 8 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar, 6 sacral, 1 coccygeal
E) 7 cervical, 11 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 6 sacral, 1 coccygeal - ANSWER-B) 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5
sacral, 1 coccygeal
Given these structures:
1
...
dorsal root
3
...
ventral ramus
5
...
A) 2,1,3
B) 2,3,1
C) 3,4,5
D) 5,3,4
E) 5,4,3 - ANSWER-E) 5,4,3
Damage to the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve results in
A) loss of sensation
...
C) both a and b
...
A collection of spinal nerves that join together after leaving the spinal cord is called a
A) ganglion
...
C) projection nerve
...
- ANSWER-D) plexus
...
B) exists for each spinal nerve except C1
C) can be used to locate the site of spinal cord or nerve root damage
...
- ANSWER-D) all of the above
...
B) musculocutaneous nerve
...
D) axillary nerve
...
- ANSWER-E) radial nerve
...
B) radial nerve
...
D) ulnar nerve
...
- ANSWER-C) median nerve
...
B) radial nerve
...
D) ulnar nerve
...
- ANSWER-D) ulnar nerve
...
The two nerves are the
A) femoral and obturator
...
C) common fibular (peroneal) and tibial
...
E) tibial and gluteal
...
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh are supplied by the
A) obturator nerve
...
C) sciatic nerve
...
E) ilioinguinal nerve
...
If a section is made that separates the brainstem from the rest of the brain, the cut is between the
A) medulla oblongata and pons
...
C) midbrain and diencephalon
...
E) medulla oblongata and spinal cord
...
Important centers for heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and vomiting are
located in the
A) cerebrum
...
C) midbrain
...
E) cerebellum
...
In which of these parts of the brain does decussation of descending nerve tracts involved in the
conscious control of skeletal muscles occur?
A) cerebrum
B) diencephalon
C) midbrain
D) pons
E) medulla oblongata - ANSWER-E) medulla oblongata
Important respiratory centers are located in the
A) cerebrum
...
C) pons and medulla oblongata
...
- ANSWER-C) pons and medulla oblongata
...
B) cerebellum
...
D) midbrain
...
- ANSWER-B) cerebellum
...
A) hearing, visual reflexes
B) visual reflexes, hearing
C) balance, motor pathways
D) motor pathways, balance
E) respiration, sleep - ANSWER-B) visual reflexes, hearing
The cerebellum communicates with other regions of the CNS through the
A) flocculonodular lobe
...
C) vermis
...
E) folia
...
The major relay station for sensory input that projects to the cerebral cortex is the
A) hypothalamus
...
C) pons
...
E) midbrain
...
Which part of the brain is involved with olfactory reflexes and emotional responses to odors?
A) inferior colliculi
B) superior colliculi
C) mammillary bodies
D) pineal body
E) pituitary gland - ANSWER-C) mammillary bodies
The part of the diencephalon directly connected to the pituitary gland is the
A) hypothalamus
...
C) subthalamus
...
- ANSWER-A) hypothalamus
...
B) commissures
...
D) sulci
...
- ANSWER-D) sulci
...
B) commissural fibers
...
D) all of the above
...
The basal nuclei are located in the
A) inferior cerebrum
B) diencephalon
C) midbrain
D) all of the above - ANSWER-D) all of the above
The most superficial of the meninges is a thick, tough membrane called the
A) pia mater
...
C) arachnoid mater
...
- ANSWER-B) dura mater
...
Which of these ventricles are not correctly matched with
the structures that connect them?
A) lateral ventricle to the third ventricle-interventricular foramina
B) left lateral ventricle to right lateral ventricle-central canal
C) third ventricle to fourth ventricle-cerebral aqueduct
D) fourth ventricle to subarachnoid space-median and lateral apertures - ANSWER-B) left lateral
ventricle to right lateral ventricle-central canal
Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the _____________, circulates through the ventricles, and enters the
subarachnoid space
...
A) choroid plexuses, arachnoid granulations
B) arachnoid granulations, choroid plexuses
C) dural sinuses, dura mater
D) dura mater, dural sinuses - ANSWER-A) choroid plexuses, arachnoid granulations
Given these spaces:
1
...
epidural space
3
...
subdural space
5
...
B) trigeminal (V)
...
D) facial (VII)
...
- ANSWER-B) trigeminal (V)
...
B) oculomotor (III)
...
D) abducent (VI)
...
- ANSWER-B) oculomotor (III)
...
B) facial (VII)
...
D) accessory (XI)
...
- ANSWER-E) hypoglossal (XII)
...
B) trigeminal (V)
...
D) facial (VII)
...
- ANSWER-B) trigeminal (V)
...
olfactory (I)
2
...
oculomotor (III)
4
...
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Select the nerves that are sensory only
...
optic (II)
2
...
trochlear (IV)
4
...
abducent (VI)
Select the nerves that are involved in moving the eyes
...
trigeminal (V)
2
...
glossopharyngeal (IX)
4
...
hypoglossal (XII)
Select the nerves that are involved in the sense of taste
...
trigeminal (V)
2
...
glossopharyngeal (IX)
4
...
hypoglossal (XII)
Select the nerves that innervate the salivary glands
...
oculomotor (III)
2
...
facial (VII)
4
...
glossopharyngeal (IX)
6
...
A) 1,2,4,5
B) 1,3,5,6
C) 1,4,5,6
D) 2,3,4,5
E) 2,3,5,6 - ANSWER-B) 1,3,5,6
A series of neurons involved in long-term retention of a thought is called
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
If you decide to "snap your fingers," the first neurons to be stimulated are the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
If you feel someone touch you on the shoulder, the person has stimulated a(n) ____ sense
...
special
b
...
visceral
d
...
None of these choices are correct
...
somatic
Brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ____ waves
...
alpha
b
...
delta
d
...
kappa - ANSWER-b
...
phasic receptors
...
primary receptors
...
secondary receptors
...
tonic receptors
...
secondary receptors
...
corticospinal tract - movements, especially the hands
b
...
rubrospinal tract - two-point discrimination
d
...
reticulospinal - posture adjustments and walking - ANSWER-c
...
This means that the cerebellum compares
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Which of the cortical areas listed below is most likely to be stimulated first when repeating a word you
just heard spoken?
Select one:
a
...
Broca area
c
...
primary auditory cortex
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
receives sensory input from the left side of the body
...
is the dominant hemisphere for speech in most people
...
tends to be smaller than the left cerebral hemisphere
...
contains no association areas
...
is not connected to the left cerebral hemisphere
...
receives sensory input from the left
side of the body
...
This is called
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
projection
...
remembering your name
b
...
locating Russia on a globe
d
...
reciting a poem - ANSWER-b
...
Select one:
a
...
premotor area
c
...
auditory association area
e
...
premotor area
Mechanoreceptors respond to
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Procedural memory is stored primarily in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
A primary function of the cerebellum is to
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Lesions on one side of the spinal cord cut the lateral spinothalamic tract and eliminate
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
A major source of sensory input into the limbic system is the sense of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-d
...
A nurse is caring for a patient who exhibits the following symptoms:
(1) inability to maintain balance while walking
(2) normal intelligence
(3) can initiate voluntary movements although they are somewhat uncoordinated
...
midbrain
...
cerebellum
...
basal ganglia
...
cerebral cortex
...
brainstem
...
cerebellum
...
As a result the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
In order to stabilize the hyoid so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the _____ muscle group
is used
...
pterygoid
b
...
auricularis
d
...
hyoglossus - ANSWER-d
...
flexor carpi ulnaris
...
flexor carpi radialis
...
extensor carpi radialis brevis
...
extensor carpi radialis longus
...
brachioradialis
...
flexor carpi radialis
...
sartorius
...
gastrocnemius
...
vastus lateralis
...
gluteus maximus
...
biceps femoris
...
sartorius
...
puckers the mouth for kissing
...
contributes to pouting
...
contributes to laughing and smiling
...
causes crow's feet wrinkles
...
raises the eyelid
...
raises the eyelid
...
erector spinae
b
...
interspinales
d
...
psoas minor - ANSWER-a
...
biceps femoris
b
...
vastus lateralis
d
...
vastus intermedius - ANSWER-a
...
erector spinae
b
...
interspinales
d
...
psoas minor - ANSWER-c
...
rectus abdominis
...
transversus abdominis
...
external abdominal oblique
...
internal abdominal oblique
...
linea alba
...
rectus abdominis
...
pectineus
b
...
vastus lateralis
d
...
iliotibial tract - ANSWER-c
...
hamstrings
...
quadriceps group
...
anterior thigh compartment
...
medial thigh compartment
...
thigh and hip adductors
...
hamstrings
...
scalenes
b
...
linea alba
d
...
external intercostals - ANSWER-d
...
erector spinae
b
...
interspinales
d
...
psoas minor - ANSWER-d
...
deltoid
b
...
triceps brachii
d
...
coracobrachialis - ANSWER-c
...
gastrocnemius
b
...
peroneus tertius
d
...
calcaneal tendon - ANSWER-a
...
This is an example
of muscles working as
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
synergists
...
supinator
b
...
brachialis
d
...
brachioradialis - ANSWER-a
...
extrinsic muscles
...
deglutition muscles
...
masseter muscles
...
intrinsic muscles
...
suprahyoid muscles
...
intrinsic muscles
...
Which is a lateral rotator of the arm?
Select one:
a
...
latissimus dorsi
c
...
deltoid
e
...
deltoid
The major movement produced during quiet breathing is accomplished by the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Gap junctions are functional __________ synapses
...
chemical
b
...
potential
d
...
neuromuscular - ANSWER-b
...
What
determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron?
Select one:
a
...
the size of the neuron involved
c
...
the number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
ganglia
...
nuclei
...
nerves
...
gray matter
...
nerve tracts
...
nerves
...
from node to node on a myelinated axon
...
on a small diameter axon
...
on an unmyelinated axon
...
from internode to internode
...
from internode to node on a myelinated axon
...
from node to node on a myelinated axon
...
once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon
...
the whole axon depolarizes at the same time
...
one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site
...
an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node
...
one action
potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site
...
increase the permeability of the plasma membrane to Na+ ions
b
...
decrease the permeability of the plasma membrane to chloride ions
d
...
None of these situations will lead to hyperpolarization
...
None of these situations will lead
to hyperpolarization
...
Select one:
a
...
divergent
c
...
somatic
e
...
convergent
Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills?
Select one:
a
...
peripheral nervous system
c
...
autonomic nervous system
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
net movement of sodium ions out of the cells
...
net movement of chloride ions into the cells
...
decrease in action potential amplitude
...
local hyperpolarization
...
local depolarization
...
local depolarization
...
of its positive electrical charge
...
there are more non-gated channels for K+ than Na+
...
protein molecules cannot exit through the cell membrane
...
calcium ions block Na+ and Cl−channels
...
there are more non-gated channels for Na+ than K+
...
there are more non-gated channels
for K+ than Na+
...
are nonspecific
...
are always lipids
...
attach to the synaptic cleft
...
determine whether a neurotransmitter will be excitatory or inhibitory
...
are not attached to ligand-gated channels
...
determine whether a neurotransmitter will be
excitatory or inhibitory
...
inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ ion channels reopen
...
activation gates of voltage-gates Na+ ion channels reopen
...
the sodium-potassium exchange pump stops
...
voltage-gated K+ channels open
...
None of these choices is correct
...
inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ ion channels
reopen
...
injury site is blocked off
b
...
causes the spread of inflammation
d
...
causes the spread of inflammation
Which of the following is NOT true about astrocytes?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-d
...
Neurotransmitter is being released at a synapse
...
Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal
...
Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis
...
An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane
...
Neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft
...
Neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane
...
An action
potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane
...
potassium ions
...
chloride ions
...
calcium ions
...
sodium ions
...
proteins
...
sodium ions
...
the sodium ions continue to enter the cell after depolarization is finished
...
there is prolonged, elevated permeability to potassium during repolarization
...
the sodium-potassium pump is actively exchanging ions across the membrane
...
the extracellular Na+ ion concentration is reduced
...
the permeability to sodium continues longer than necessary
...
there is prolonged,
elevated permeability to potassium during repolarization
...
the Golgi tendon reflex
...
the withdrawal reflex
...
the stretch reflex
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
relies on monocular vision
...
does not require cerebral interpretation
...
requires the image to strike the retina of both eyes in exactly the same way
...
is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and judge their distance
...
only works when looking down at water
...
is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and judge their distance
...
the lens flattens
...
the eyes rotate medially
...
the ciliary muscles relax
...
the diameter of the pupil increases
...
the eye blinks
...
the eyes rotate medially
...
static balance
...
kinetic balance
...
hearing low intensity sounds
...
hearing high intensity sounds
...
evaluating movements of the head
...
static balance
...
rods
...
cones
...
choroid
...
pigmented retina
...
amacrine cells
...
rods
...
Na+
b
...
K+
d
...
Both Na+ and Ca2+ - ANSWER-e
...
corrected by "minus" lenses
b
...
eyeball is too short
d
...
image focused behind the retina - ANSWER-a
...
Symptoms that may occur include
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
Which of the following is true?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
What eye layer is referred to in the "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes"?
Select one:
a
...
choroid
c
...
sclera
e
...
sclera
Palpebrae is another name for the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
When rhodopsin is exposed to light,
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Which of the following is false?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
Increase in the distance from the eye to the near point of vision can be caused by
Select one:
a
...
the lens becoming more opaque with age
...
the lens becoming more convex with age
...
the vitreous humor becoming thicker with age
...
the lens becoming more flexible with age
...
the lens becoming more rigid with age
The cornea is relatively easy to transplant because
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Which of the following is a part of the bony labyrinth?
Select one:
a
...
vestibule
c
...
tympanic membrane
e
...
vestibule
Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in taste buds?
Select one:
a
...
supporting cells
c
...
taste cells - ANSWER-a
...
cerebrum
b
...
midbrain
d
...
hypothalamus
John sees Martha; the pupils of his eyes dilate
...
" What division(s) of the ANS
is(are) involved?
Select one:
a
...
parasympathetic division
c
...
neither sympathetic division nor parasympathetic division
e
...
sympathetic division
The membranes of all postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia have
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
Which of the following drugs would be the best choice to use in chronic asthma to dilate the
bronchioles?
Select one:
a
...
a muscarinic agent
c
...
beta-adrenergic stimulating agents
e
...
beta-adrenergic stimulating agents
What type of reflex operates independently of the CNS?
Select one:
a
...
voluntary reflex
c
...
conscious reflex - ANSWER-c
...
medulla oblongata
...
spinal cord
...
hypothalamus
...
thalamus
...
medula oblongata, spinal cord and hypothalamus
...
medula oblongata, spinal cord and
hypothalamus
...
spinal nerves
...
cranial nerves
...
splanchnic nerves
...
sympathetic nerves
...
nerves that innervate the adrenal medulla
...
cranial nerves
...
one motor neuron plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors
...
one motor neuron plus skeletal muscles as effectors
...
two motor neurons plus cardiac and smooth muscle and glands as effectors
...
two motor neurons plus skeletal muscles as effectors
...
three motor neurons plus skeletal muscles as effectors
...
two motor neurons plus cardiac
and smooth muscle and glands as effectors
...
brain
b
...
digestive tract
d
...
digestive tract
Adrenergic receptors
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
short preganglionic axons near the spinal cord
...
long postganglionic axons
...
short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate
Which of the following statements applies to the autonomic nervous system?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
The receptor molecules of the ANS may be muscarinic, nicotinic, or adrenergic
...
spinal nerves
b
...
pelvic splanchnic nerves and pelvic nerve plexuses
d
...
vagus nerve and thoracic nerve plexuses - ANSWER-a
...
alpha and beta
...
splanchnic and terminal
...
muscarinic and nicotinic
...
nicotinic and cholinergic
...
muscarinic and terminal
...
alpha and beta
...
preganglionic sympathetic
b
...
postganglionic sympathetic
d
...
postganglionic somatic motor - ANSWER-c
...
In
order for these axons to reach collateral ganglia, they must now travel through
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Beta-blockers (beta-adrenergic blocking agents) are frequently used to
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
prevent decreases in heart rate
...
prevent increases in heart rate
Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic system is stimulated?
Select one:
a
...
increased motility of the digestive tract
c
...
increased heart rate
e
...
increased motility of the digestive tract
Up-regulation
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Which pattern of hormone secretion, often observed in steroid reproductive hormones, will fluctuate
over a monthly cycle?
Select one:
a
...
episodic hormone secretion
c
...
chronic hormone secretion - ANSWER-b
...
Arrange the events that follow
in correct sequence
...
5, 2, 3, 4, 1
b
...
5, 2, 1, 4, 3
d
...
3, 4, 1, 2, 5 - ANSWER-a
...
This insensitivity could be the
result of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
Feedback - ANSWER-e
...
Feedback
Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2)
polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins
Select one:
a
...
1, 2, 3
c
...
1, 2, 3, 4
e
...
2, 3, 4
Hormonal secretion can be regulated by
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which intracellular mediator is directly activated by the binding of a water-soluble hormone to a
membrane receptor?
Select one:
a
...
cAMP
c
...
phospholipase C - ANSWER-a
...
its half-life is increased
...
it can be more quickly eliminated from the body
...
it can be stored for later use
...
it is actively transported into cells
...
it is more slowly eliminated from the body
...
it can be more quickly eliminated from the
body
...
the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
b
...
the ability of the target cell to perform a specific function
d
...
the size of the target cell - ANSWER-a
...
can dissolve in the blood as free hormones
b
...
most readily diffuse through capillary walls
d
...
some may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-life - ANSWER-c
...
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins
...
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell
...
1, 3, 5
b
...
1, 2, 3
d
...
All events occur in the nucleus
...
1, 3, 4
Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given
hormone
...
increased in number
b
...
chemically altered
d
...
increased in number, decreased in number and chemically altered - ANSWER-e
...
Only free hormones can diffuse through capillary walls and bind to target tissues
...
Hormones can be transported free in the plasma or bound to plasma proteins
...
Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration
...
Hormones bind only to certain types of plasma proteins
...
All of the statements are true
...
Plasma protein concentration has no influence on free hormone concentration
...
paracrine
b
...
autocrine
d
...
paracrine
Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?
Select one:
a
...
protein
c
...
amino acid derivative
Feedback - ANSWER-a
...
This is an example of control by
__________ stimuli
...
hormonal
b
...
humoral
d
...
humoral
An isotonic contraction is described as
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
a muscle produces
constant tension during contraction
...
destroyed by cholinesterase
...
chemically bound to the cross bridges
...
secreted by the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell
...
released from troponin
...
returned to the sarcolemma
...
released from troponin
...
an increased number of muscle fibers
...
the nervous system's ability to recruit a large number of motor units simultaneously
...
elimination of unnecessary enzymes and metabolic pathways
...
elimination of all fat deposits
...
elimination of unnecessary connective tissue
...
the nervous system's ability to recruit a
large number of motor units simultaneously
...
possess striations
...
can contract but are not extensible or excitable
...
do not require nerve innervation to contract
...
increase dramatically in number after birth
...
are found in the walls of the stomach
...
possess striations
...
breaks down glycogen
b
...
acts as a reservoir for oxygen
d
...
stores glucose - ANSWER-c
...
Select one:
a
...
negatively charged
c
...
recharged
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
surrounds individual muscles
...
separates muscle fibers
...
connects muscles to bone
...
is a type of muscle tissue
...
is a type of nerve tissue
...
surrounds individual muscles
...
cell dies
...
cell regenerates
...
cell no longer has a potential difference across its membrane
...
cell is no longer responsive
...
original polarity of the cell is restored
...
original polarity of the cell is restored
...
contraction of the heart
b
...
movement of food through the digestive tract
d
...
vasoconstriction - ANSWER-b
...
can rapidly develop action potentials
b
...
relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time
d
...
enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin - ANSWER-c
...
neuromuscular junctions
...
sarcomeres
...
myofilaments
...
Z disks
...
cell body of neuron
...
neuromuscular junctions
...
(1) muscle fiber
(2) myofilament
(3) myofibril
(4) muscle fasciculus
Select one:
a
...
2, 1, 4, 3
c
...
2, 3, 1, 4
e
...
2, 3, 1, 4
Which of the following is NOT true of muscular atrophy?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Myosin phosphatase
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm?
Select one:
a
...
smooth muscle
c
...
skeletal muscle
An isometric contraction is described as
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following causes an unequal ion concentration across the resting plasma membrane?
Select one:
a
...
negatively charged proteins do not readily diffuse across the plasma membrane
c
...
the repulsion of potassium ions by the intracellular anions
e
...
negatively charged proteins do not readily
diffuse across the plasma membrane
A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't
...
an all-or-none response
...
a graded response
...
a latent period response
...
a relative refractory response
...
an arbitrary response
...
an all-or-none response
...
is raised by sweating
...
results from the heat produced when muscles contract
...
will increase after blood vessels in the skin constrict
...
is lowered by shivering
...
decreases when the rate of the chemical reactions increase
...
results from the heat
produced when muscles contract
...
may contain groups of cells that function as an independent unit
...
occurs in sheets and exhibits numerous gap junctions
...
contracts only when stimulated
...
does not function as a unit
...
All of these choices are correct
...
occurs in sheets and exhibits numerous gap junctions
...
B) endomysium
...
D) hypomysium
...
- ANSWER-A) perimysium
...
whole muscle
2
...
myofilament
4
...
muscle fasciculus
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the correct order from the largest to the smallest
structure
...
B) contains sarcoplasmic reticulum
...
D) contains T tubules
...
- ANSWER-E) is the same thing as a muscle fiber
...
B) found primarily in the I band
...
D) absent from the H zone
...
- ANSWER-E) attached to filaments that form the M line
...
B) The head of the myosin molecule binds to an active site on G actin
...
D) Troponin binds to the rodlike portion of myosin
...
- ANSWER-B)
The head of the myosin molecule binds to an active site on G actin
...
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
...
D) terminal cisternae
...
- ANSWER-A) T tubule system
...
B) Na+ increases
...
D) Ca2+ decreases
...
During depolarization, the inside of the membrane
A) becomes more negative than the outside of the membrane
...
C) is unchanged
...
During repolarization of the plasma membrane,
A) Na+ move to the inside of the cell
...
C) K+ move to the inside of the cell
...
- ANSWER-D) K+ move to the outside of the cell
...
acetylcholine broken down into acetic acid and choline
2
...
action potential reaches the terminal branch of the motor neuron
4
...
action potential is produced on the muscle fiber's plasma membrane
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur at a neuromuscular junction
...
B) synthesizes acetylcholine from acetic acid and choline
...
D) breaks down acetylcholine
...
- ANSWER-D) breaks down acetylcholine
...
sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
2
...
Ca2+ diffuse into myofibrils
4
...
sarcomere shortens
6
...
A) 1,3,4,5,2,6
B) 2,3,5,4,6,1
C) 4,1,3,5,2,6
D) 4,2,3,5,1,6
E) 5,1,4,3,2,6
F) 4,1,3,5,2,6 - ANSWER-C) 4,1,3,5,2,6
Given these events:
1
...
Ca2+ combine with troponin
3
...
troponin pulls away from actin
5
...
troponin pulls away from myosin
7
...
A) 1,4,7
B) 2,5,6
C) 1,3,7
D) 2,4,7
E) 2,3,7 - ANSWER-E) 2,3,7
Which of these regions shortens during skeletal muscle contraction?
A) A band
B) I band
C) H zone
D) both a and b
E) both b and c - ANSWER-E) both b and c
With stimuli of increasing strength, which of these is capable of a graded response?
A) nerve axon
B) muscle fiber
C) motor unit
D) whole muscle - ANSWER-D) whole muscle
Considering the force of contraction of a skeletal muscle cell, multiple-wave summation occurs because
of
A) increased strength of action potentials on the plasma membrane
...
C) an increase in Ca2+ concentration around the myofibrils
...
E) increased permeability of the sarcolemma to Ca2+
...
Which of these events occurs during the lag (latent) phase of muscle contraction?
A) cross-bridge movement
B) active transport of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Ca2+ bind to troponin
D) the sarcomere shortens
E) ATP is broken down to ADP - ANSWER-C) Ca2+ bind to troponin
A weight lifter attempts to lift a weight from the floor, but the weight is so heavy he is unable to move it
...
B) isotonic
...
D) concentric
...
- ANSWER-A) isometric
...
B) that the greatest force of contraction occurs if a muscle is not stretched at all
...
D) that optimal overlap of actin and myosin produces the greatest force of contraction
...
- ANSWERD) that optimal overlap of actin and myosin produces the greatest force of contraction
...
low ATP levels
2
...
cross-bridges release
4
...
cross-bridges form
Choose the conditions that occur in both physiologic contracture and rigor mortis
...
Which of these sources provides most
of the energy for his run?
A) aerobic respiration
B) anaerobic respiration
C) creatine phosphate
D) stored ATP - ANSWER-A) aerobic respiration
Which of these conditions would one expect to find within the leg muscle cells of a world-class marathon
runner?
A) myoglobin-poor
B) contract very quickly
C) primarily anaerobic
D) numerous mitochondria
E) large deposits of glycogen - ANSWER-D) numerous mitochondria
Which of these increases the least as a result of muscle hypertrophy?
A) increase in number of sarcomeres
B) increase in number of myofibrils
C) increase in number of fibers
D) increase in blood vessels and mitochondria
E) increase in connective tissue - ANSWER-C) increase in number of fibers
Relaxation in smooth muscle occurs when
A) myosin kinase attaches phosphate to the myosin head
...
C) myosin phosphatase removes phosphate from myosin
...
E) Ca2+ are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
...
Compared to skeletal muscle, visceral smooth muscle
A) has the same ability to be stretched
...
C) maintains about the same tension, even when stretched
...
E) can accumulate a substantial oxygen debt
...
Which of these often have spontaneous contractions?
A) multiunit smooth muscle
B) visceral smooth muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) both a and b
E) both b and c - ANSWER-B) visceral smooth muscle
Which of these statements concerning aging and skeletal muscle is correct?
A) There is a loss of muscle fibers with aging
...
C) Loss of strength and speed is mainly due to loss of neuromuscular junctions
...
E) The number of motor neurons remains constant
...
The patellar or knee-jerk reflex is a classic example of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
A man was in an accident and severed his spinal cord between C6 and C7
...
loss of sensation in the trunk below the shoulders, the lower limbs and portions of the arms
b
...
loss of movement in the lower limbs
d
...
loss of sensation in hands and feet - ANSWER-b
...
What part of the
brain is most likely damaged?
Select one:
a
...
the frontal lobe
c
...
the pyramids
e
...
the cerebellum
If you pinch your index finger in a door, pain sensations are carried via the ____ nerve
...
radial
b
...
axillary
d
...
ulnar - ANSWER-b
...
muscle spindles detect tension in a tendon
...
alpha motor neurons are inhibited causing muscle relaxation
...
gamma motor neurons cause muscle contraction
...
there is reciprocal innervation to facilitate the reflex
...
alpha motor neurons are stimulated causing muscle contraction
...
alpha motor neurons
are inhibited causing muscle relaxation
...
thalamus
...
epithalamus
...
hypothalamus
...
subthalamus
...
hyperthalamus
...
epithalamus
...
has recently evolved
...
is associated with basic survival instincts of nutrition, memory, and reproduction
...
controls voluntary movements of the arms and legs
...
is a memory area in the midbrain
...
includes the brainstem
...
is associated with basic survival instincts of nutrition, memory,
and reproduction
...
Select one:
a
...
parietal lobe
c
...
temporal lobe
e
...
temporal lobe
The spinal cord ends at the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-d
...
The cerebrum develops from the embryonic region called the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the CNS by means of nerve tracts called the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
The part of the brain that connects the medulla to the midbrain is the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Ventral rami of some spinal nerves join with each other to form a
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others?
Select one:
a
...
midbrain
c
...
thalamus
e
...
thalamus
Which of the following combinations indicates the correct distribution of spinal nerve pairs?
Select one:
a
...
7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 6 sacral - 1 coccygeal
c
...
8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
e
...
8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5
lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal
The nucleus for the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) is located in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
During a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is obtained from which of the following locations?
Select one:
a
...
epidural space
c
...
subdural space
e
...
subarachnoid space
When a person sits on a hard surface for a period of time, his foot or leg may "go to sleep
...
Select one:
a
...
sciatic
c
...
pudendal
e
...
sciatic
The spinal cord extends from the
A) medulla oblongata to the coccyx
...
C) level of the axis to the lowest lumbar vertebra
...
E) axis to the sacral hiatus
...
The structure that anchors the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx is the
A) conus medullaris
...
C) filum terminale
...
E) posterior median sulcus
...
Axons of sensory neurons synapse with the cell bodies of interneurons in the _____________ of spinal
cord gray matter
...
B) lateral horn of spinal cord gray matter
...
D) dorsal root ganglia
...
- ANSWER-D) dorsal root ganglia
...
effector organ
2
...
motor neuron
4
...
sensory receptor
Choose the correct order an action potential follows after a sensory receptor is stimulated
...
B) divergent pathways
...
D) sensory perception in the spinal cord
...
Several of the events that occurred between the time that a physician struck a patient's patellar tendon
with a rubber hammer and the time the quadriceps femoris contracted (knee-jerk reflex) are listed
below:
1
...
stretch of the muscle spindles
3
...
stretch of the quadriceps femoris
5
...
A) Alpha motor neurons
B) Sensory neurons
C) Gamma motor neurons
D) Golgi tendon organs
E) Inhibitory interneurons - ANSWER-C) Gamma motor neurons
Which of these events occurs when a person steps on a tack with the right foot?
A) The right foot is pulled away from the tack because of the Golgi tendon reflex
...
C) The flexor muscles of the right thigh contract, and the extensor muscles of the right thigh relax
because of reciprocal innervation
...
- ANSWER-C) The
flexor muscles of the right thigh contract, and the extensor muscles of the right thigh relax because of
reciprocal innervation
...
dorsal ramus
2
...
plexus
4
...
ventral root
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order that an action potential passes through
them, given that the action potential originates in the spinal cord and propagates to a peripheral nerve
...
B) loss of motor function
...
- ANSWER-C) both a and b
...
B) nucleus
...
D) plexus
...
A dermatome
A) is the area of skin supplied by a pair of spinal nerves
...
D) all of the above
...
Which of these nerves arises from the cervical plexus?
A) median
B) musculocutaneous
C) phrenic
D) obturator
E) ulnar - ANSWER-C) phrenic
The skin on the posterior surface of the hand is supplied by the
A) median nerve
...
C) ulnar nerve
...
E) radial nerve
...
Most the ulnar muscles and most of the flexor muscles of the forearm are supplied by the
A) musculocutaneous nerve
...
C) median nerve
...
E) axillary nerve
...
Most intrinsic hand muscles are supplied by the
A) musculocutaneous nerve
...
C) median nerve
...
E) axillary nerve
...
The sciatic nerve is actually two nerves combined within the same sheath
...
B) femoral and gluteal
...
D) common fibular (peroneal) and obturator
...
- ANSWER-C) common fibular (peroneal) and tibial
...
B) gluteal nerve
...
D) femoral nerve
...
- ANSWER-D) femoral nerve
...
B) pons and midbrain
...
D) thalamus and cerebrum
...
- ANSWER-C) midbrain and diencephalon
...
B) medulla oblongata
...
D) pons
...
- ANSWER-B) medulla oblongata
...
B) cerebellum
...
D) midbrain
E) limbic system
...
The cerebral peduncles are a major descending motor pathway found in the
A) cerebrum
...
C) pons
...
E) medulla oblongata
...
The superior colliculi are involved in _____________, whereas the inferior colliculi are involved in
_____________
...
B) cerebellar peduncles
...
D) lateral hemispheres
...
- ANSWER-B) cerebellar peduncles
...
B) thalamus
...
D) cerebellum
...
- ANSWER-B) thalamus
...
B) epithalamus
...
D) thalamus
...
Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?
A) regulates autonomic nervous system functions
B) regulates the release of hormones from the posterior pituitary
C) regulates body temperature
D) regulates food intake (hunger) and water intake (thirst)
E) all of the above - ANSWER-E) all of the above
The grooves on the surface of the cerebrum are called the
A) nuclei
...
C) tracts
...
E) gyri
...
Which of these areas is located in the postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex?
A) olfactory cortex
B) visual cortex
C) primary motor cortex
D) primary somatic sensory cortex
E) primary auditory cortex - ANSWER-D) primary somatic sensory cortex
Which of these cerebral lobes is important in voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, sense of
smell, and mood?
A) frontal
B) insula
C) occipital
D) parietal
E) temporal - ANSWER-A) frontal
Fibers that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere are
A) projection fibers
...
C) association fibers
...
- ANSWER-C) association fibers
...
B) dura mater
...
D) epidural mater
...
The ventricles of the brain are interconnected
...
The cerebrospinal fluid leaves the subarachnoid space through the _____________
...
third ventricle
2
...
subarachnoid space
4
...
superior sagittal sinus
Which of these spaces contains only cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A) 1, 3
B) 1,2,3
C) 1,3,5
D) 1,2,3,5
E) 2,3,4,5 - ANSWER-A) 1, 3
Which of these parts of the embryonic brain is correctly matched with the structure it becomes in the
adult brain?
A) mesencephalon-midbrain
B) metencephalon-medulla oblongata
C) myelencephalon-cerebrum
D) telencephalon-pons and cerebellum - ANSWER-A) mesencephalon-midbrain
The cranial nerve involved in chewing food is the
A) trochlear (IV)
...
C) abducent (VI)
...
E) vestibulocochlear (VIII)
...
The cranial nerve responsible for focusing the eye (innervates the ciliary muscle of the eye) is the
A) optic (II)
...
C) trochlear (IV)
...
E) facial (VII)
...
The cranial nerve involved in moving the tongue is the
A) trigeminal (V)
...
C) glossopharyngeal (IX)
...
E) hypoglossal (XII)
...
The cranial nerve involved in feeling a toothache is the
A) trochlear (IV)
...
C) abducent (VI)
...
E) vestibulocochlear (VIII)
...
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
optic (II)
3
...
abducent (VI)
5
...
A) 1,2,3
B) 2,3,4
C) 1,2,5
D) 2,3,5
E) 3,4,5 - ANSWER-C) 1,2,5
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
oculomotor (III)
3
...
trigeminal (V)
5
...
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,2,4,
C) 2,3,4
D) 2,4,5
E) 2,3,5 - ANSWER-E) 2,3,5
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
facial (VII)
3
...
vagus (X)
5
...
A) 1,2,3
B) 1,4,5
C) 2,3,4
D) 2,3,5
E) 3,4,5 - ANSWER-C) 2,3,4
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
facial (VII)
3
...
vagus (X)
5
...
A) 1,2
B) 2,3
C) 3,4
D) 4,5
E) 3,5 - ANSWER-B) 2,3
From this list of cranial nerves:
1
...
trigeminal (V)
3
...
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
5
...
vagus (X)
Select the nerves that are part of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
...
an EEG
...
a brain wave
...
a memory engram
...
short-term memory
...
a memory trace
...
a memory engram
...
association neurons
...
premotor neurons
...
postmotor neurons
...
sensory neurons
...
sensory receptors
...
premotor neurons
...
Select one:
a
...
somatic
c
...
undifferentiated
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Select one:
a
...
beta
c
...
theta
e
...
beta
Receptors that release neurotransmitters in response to a receptor potential as
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Select one:
a
...
corticobulbar tract - movements in the head and face
c
...
vestibulospinal tract - maintains upright posture
e
...
rubrospinal tract - two-point
discrimination
The cerebellum functions as a comparator
...
the incoming sensory stimuli with the outgoing sensory stimuli
...
intended movements with actual movements
...
spinal cord activity with the activity of the cerebrum
...
the right cerebellar hemisphere with the left cerebellar hemisphere
...
and coordinates rapid, complex movements like figure skating
...
intended movements
with actual movements
...
auditory association area
b
...
primary motor area
d
...
Wernicke area
...
primary auditory cortex
The right cerebral hemisphere
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
The conscious perception of cutaneous sensations occurs in the cerebral cortex, but these sensations are
perceived as if they were on the surface of the body
...
association
...
perception
...
projection
...
integration
...
localization - ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following is an example of procedural or implicit memory?
Select one:
a
...
riding a bicycle
c
...
being afraid of snakes
e
...
riding a bicycle
If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor functions
needed to carry out this action
...
visual cortex
b
...
prefrontal area
d
...
visual association area - ANSWER-b
...
compression of receptors
...
irritation of nerve endings
...
light striking the receptors
...
binding of molecules to membrane receptors
...
a change in temperature
...
compression of receptors
...
hippocampus and amygdala
...
central sulcus and Wernicke's area
...
cerebellum and premotor area of cerebral cortex
...
temporal lobe and frontal lobe
...
pons and midbrain
...
cerebellum and premotor area of cerebral cortex
...
interpret sound
...
coordinate movement
...
control body temperature
...
regulate consciousness
...
regulate sleep patterns
...
coordinate movement
...
sensations of touch from both sides below the level of injury
...
proprioception on the same side of the body below the level of the injury
...
cutaneous sensations on the opposite side of the body below the level of injury
...
sensations of vibration on the opposite side of the body at the level of the injury
...
sensations of tickle on the same side of the body below the level of injury
...
cutaneous
sensations on the opposite side of the body below the level of injury
...
vision
...
taste
...
touch
...
smell
...
smell
...
(4) decreased tone in the skeletal muscles
The patient is probably suffering from a condition that affected the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has damaged the primary motor area of his right
cerebral cortex
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his right arm or leg
...
patient feels no sensations on the left side of his body
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his left eye
...
patient's heart stops beating
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg
...
patient cannot voluntarily move his
left arm or leg
...
Select one:
a
...
infrahyoid
c
...
suprahyoid
e
...
suprahyoid
The radial pulse can be felt just lateral to the tendon of the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The muscle that is used to cross the legs is the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
The levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
Which back muscle inserts on the ribs and vertebrae?
Select one:
a
...
longissimus capitis
c
...
multifidus
e
...
erector spinae
Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps group?
Select one:
a
...
rectus femoris
c
...
vastus medialis
e
...
biceps femoris
What back muscle originates on the vertebral spinous processes?
Select one:
a
...
longissimus capitis
c
...
multifidus
e
...
interspinales
The abdominal muscle that has its origin at the pubic crest and symphysis pubis is the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following is a part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?
Select one:
a
...
sartorius
c
...
tensor fasciae latae
e
...
vastus lateralis
The biceps femoris is part of the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following muscles contracts during forced expiration?
Select one:
a
...
diaphragm
c
...
internal intercostals
e
...
internal intercostals
Which back muscle extends and rotates the vertebral column?
Select one:
a
...
longissimus capitis
c
...
multifidus
e
...
multifidus
Which of the following muscles extends the forearm and has its insertion on the ulna?
Select one:
a
...
biceps brachii
c
...
brachialis
e
...
triceps brachii
Which of the following muscles is used when walking on your tiptoes?
Select one:
a
...
tibialis anterior
c
...
extensor digitorum longus
e
...
gastrocnemius
When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abdomen, you use the rectus abdominis, external
abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles
...
fixators
...
synergists
...
antagonists
...
prime movers
...
cooperatives - ANSWER-b
...
Of the following muscles of the forearm, which one rotates the forearm to turn the palm upwards?
Select one:
a
...
triceps brachii
c
...
pronator quadratus
e
...
supinator
Muscles that change the shape of the tongue are called
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm
...
pectoralis major
b
...
teres major
d
...
coracobrachialis - ANSWER-d
...
scalenes
...
diaphragm
...
external intercostals
...
internal intercostals
...
transverses thoracis
...
diaphragm
...
Select one:
a
...
electrical
c
...
intracellular
e
...
electrical
Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron
...
the kind of neuron involved
b
...
whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated
d
...
This situation is not possible in humans
...
the number of EPSPs in relation to the number
of IPSPs
If you cut bundles of axons and their myelin sheaths in the PNS, you cut
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when transmission is
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Continuous conduction of an action potential means that
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Which of the following situations will lead to hyperpolarization?
Select one:
a
...
decrease the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ ions
c
...
any positive ion entering the cell
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
When two or more presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron in the CNS, a(n)
_______ pathway is formed
...
convergent
b
...
oscillatory
d
...
sensory - ANSWER-a
...
central nervous system
b
...
somatic nervous system
d
...
None of these choices is correct
...
central nervous system
In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential), there is a
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
The plasma membrane of a neuron is more permeable to potassium ions because
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Receptor molecules
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
The absolute refractory period ends when
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following is NOT true of reactive astrocytosis?
Select one:
a
...
scars limit regeneration
c
...
reduces injury to surrounding tissue
Feedback - ANSWER-c
...
They can wall off an injury site to prevent spread of inflammation
...
They can prevent toxic substances from entering brain tissue
...
They can release chemicals that promote formation of synapses
...
They can aid in the regeneration of injured neurons
...
They can aid in the regeneration of
injured neurons
...
Which of the following occurs last?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Depolarization of the nerve cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The patellar or knee-jerk reflex is a classic example of
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
the crossed extensor reflex
...
reciprocal innervation
...
the stretch reflex
Depth perception
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
Feedback - ANSWER-d
...
As an object moves closer to the eye,
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
The utricle and saccule are involved in
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Rhodopsin is found in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
What ion(s) cause(s) depolarization in olfactory neurons?
Select one:
a
...
Ca2+
c
...
Both Na+ and K+
e
...
Both Na+ and Ca2+
Which of the following statements is NOT true of hyperopia?
Select one:
a
...
close objects are fuzzy
c
...
corrected by convex lenses
e
...
corrected by "minus" lenses
Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum
...
dizziness
...
light headedness
...
feeling of a "full" ear
...
ringing in the ears
...
hearing impairment
...
hearing impairment
...
The cochlear duct is filled with perilymph
...
The bony core of the cochlea is called the modiolus
...
The foot plate of the incus fits into the round window
...
The vestibule is one of the regions of the organ of corti
...
The spiral organ is found in the semicircular canals
...
The bony core of the cochlea is called
the modiolus
...
conjunctiva
b
...
retina
d
...
pupil - ANSWER-d
...
eyes
...
eyelids
...
eyebrows
...
eyelashes
...
conjunctiva
...
eyelids
...
more rhodopsin is formed
...
retinal separates from opsin
...
the cones generate action potentials
...
free retinal is converted to vitamin A
...
retinal becomes more attached to opsin
...
retinal separates from opsin
...
Rods cannot detect color
...
The visual pigment of cones is iodopsin
...
Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
...
Association neurons in the inner retinal layers modify signals of rods and cones
...
Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
...
Most of the optic tract axons terminate in the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
...
the lens becoming more rigid with age
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
its proteoglycan content is high
...
it is easy to access and is a vascular
...
it has an extensive blood supply
...
its high immunological activity prevents infection
...
it is not attached to the eye
...
it is easy to access and is a vascular
...
photoreceptors, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and optic nerve
...
photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve
...
photoreceptors, bipolar cells, optic nerve, and ganglion cells
...
photoreceptors, ganglion cells, optic nerve, and bipolar cells
...
ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and optic nerve
...
photoreceptors, bipolar
cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve
...
malleus
b
...
cochlear duct
d
...
ossicle - ANSWER-b
...
mitral cells
b
...
basal cells
d
...
mitral cells
What part of the CNS integrates thoughts and emotions to produce ANS responses?
Select one:
a
...
cerebellum
c
...
hypothalamus - ANSWER-d
...
It is "love at first sight
...
sympathetic division
b
...
somatic motor division
d
...
both sympathetic division and parasympathetic division - ANSWER-a
...
somatotrophic receptors
...
muscarinic receptors
...
adrenergic receptors
...
nicotinic receptors
...
macrotinic receptors
...
nicotinic receptors
...
a nicotinic agent
b
...
alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
d
...
ganglionic blocking agents - ANSWER-d
...
distal reflex
b
...
local reflex
d
...
local reflex
Autonomic reflexes might be integrated in the
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-e
...
Axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all of the following except
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Compared to a somatic reflex, an autonomic reflex utilizes
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
Where is the enteric nervous system located?
Select one:
a
...
heart
c
...
skin - ANSWER-c
...
can be activated by the release of epinephrine
...
have two structural forms - muscarinic and nicotinic
...
when activated stimulate skeletal muscles to contract
...
can be found in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
...
are activated by the release of acetylcholine
...
can be activated by the release of
epinephrine
...
the absence of preganglionic fibers
...
the absence of postganglionic axons
...
short postganglionic axons near the organs they innervate
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-c
...
The ANS innervates skeletal muscle
...
ANS functions are consciously controlled
...
The ANS controls unconscious movement of skeletal muscles
...
The receptor molecules of the ANS may be muscarinic, nicotinic, or adrenergic
...
A single neuron from the spinal cord carries action potentials to effector organs in the - ANSWER-d
...
Which of the following is NOT a means of parasympathetic innervation of effectors?
Select one:
a
...
abdominal nerve plexuses
c
...
cranial nerves to the head and neck
e
...
spinal nerves
The two classes of adrenergic receptors are
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-a
...
Which of the following neurons is most likely to be adrenergic?
Select one:
a
...
preganglionic parasympathetic
c
...
postganglionic parasympathetic
e
...
postganglionic sympathetic
Consider the following situation: Sympathetic preganglionic axons enter a sympathetic chain ganglia
...
a splanchnic nerve
...
a sympathetic nerve
...
a gray ramus communicans
...
a white ramus communicans
...
a dorsal root ganglion
...
a splanchnic nerve
...
cause vasoconstriction
...
block muscarinic receptors
...
dilate the pupils of the eye
...
prevent increases in heart rate
e
...
- ANSWER-d
...
increased blood pressure
b
...
increased metabolism
d
...
decreased motility of the digestive tract - ANSWER-b
...
results in a decrease in the number of receptor sites in the target cell
...
produces an increase in the sensitivity of the target cell to the hormone
...
is found in target cells that maintain a constant level of receptors
...
produces insensitivity to the hormone in the target tissue
...
moves the receptors up on the membrane
...
produces an increase in the sensitivity of the
target cell to the hormone
...
acute hormone secretion
b
...
long-term hormone secretion
d
...
episodic hormone secretion
A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane
...
(1) alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2) GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3) G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4) alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5) G-protein subunits bind to the receptor
Select one:
a
...
4, 2, 1, 3, 5
c
...
5, 4, 2, 1, 3
e
...
5, 2, 3, 4, 1
In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present
...
up-regulation
...
over-regulation
...
down-regulation
...
a lack of regulation
...
modulation
...
down-regulation
...
in the cytoplasm of their target cells
...
on the plasma membrane of their target cells
...
in the lysosomes of their target cells
...
on the nuclear membrane of their target cells
...
in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells
...
in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells
...
1, 3, 4
b
...
2, 3, 4
d
...
1, 2, 4 - ANSWER-c
...
the action of a substance other than a hormone
...
the nervous system
...
other hormones
...
All of these choices are correct
...
None of these choices is correct
...
All of these choices are correct
...
are secreted into the external environment where they act
...
affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues
...
help coordinate growth, development and reproduction
...
operate primarily by positive feedback
...
help coordinate growth, development and
reproduction
...
cGMP
b
...
calmodulin
d
...
cGMP
Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
What is it about a cell that identifies it as a target cell for a hormone?
Select one:
a
...
its location near the gland that secretes that hormone
c
...
its ability to inactivate the hormone
e
...
the presence of a receptor specific for that hormone
Which of the following is NOT true of water-soluble hormones?
Select one:
a
...
large hormones need fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream
c
...
rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream
e
...
most readily diffuse
through capillary walls
Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model:
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA
...
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm)
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated
...
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?
Select one:
a
...
1, 3, 4
c
...
3, 4, 5
e
...
- ANSWER-b
...
Select one:
a
...
decreased in number
c
...
moved
e
...
increased in number,
decreased in number and chemically altered
Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is FALSE?
Select one:
a
...
b
...
c
...
d
...
e
...
Feedback - ANSWER-c
...
What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?
Select one:
a
...
neurotransmitter
c
...
endocrine - ANSWER-a
...
lipid-soluble
b
...
water-soluble
d
...
lipid-soluble
Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease
...
Select one:
a
...
neural
c
...
visceral - ANSWER-c
Title: A&P Straighterline Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACTUAL CORRECT ANSWERS OF CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS
Description: The text presents questions related to the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, covering topics such as reflexes, sensory pathways, and cranial nerves. It delves into areas like muscle function, brain structure, nerve pathways, and spinal cord anatomy to test knowledge of the nervous system components. Key Insights Reflex arcs and sensory pathways play a crucial role in the nervous system’s functioning. Understanding the structure and function of brain parts like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem is essential. Hormones serve as intercellular chemical signals regulating growth, development, and reproduction. Hormones can be water-soluble or lipid-soluble, binding to different receptors and influencing gene expression. Target cells for hormones are identified by the presence of specific hormone receptor
Description: The text presents questions related to the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, covering topics such as reflexes, sensory pathways, and cranial nerves. It delves into areas like muscle function, brain structure, nerve pathways, and spinal cord anatomy to test knowledge of the nervous system components. Key Insights Reflex arcs and sensory pathways play a crucial role in the nervous system’s functioning. Understanding the structure and function of brain parts like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem is essential. Hormones serve as intercellular chemical signals regulating growth, development, and reproduction. Hormones can be water-soluble or lipid-soluble, binding to different receptors and influencing gene expression. Target cells for hormones are identified by the presence of specific hormone receptor