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Title: Vitamins - Veterinary Biochemistry notes
Description: Type of vitamin functions deficiency toxicity are described
Description: Type of vitamin functions deficiency toxicity are described
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Vitamins in Vete
nary Biochem try
Vitamins in Veterinary Biochemistry
Vitamins are organic compounds essential for various physiological functions in animals
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Understanding the role of vitamins in veterinary biochemistry is crucial for optimizing animal
health, growth, reproduction, and overall productivity
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It is found in animal
products such as liver and dairy, as well as in plant sources like carrots and dark leafy greens,
where it exists as carotenoids
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- Plays a role in cellular growth and di erentiation, particularly in epithelial tissues
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- De ciency:
- Leads to night blindness, xerophthalmia (dry eyes), and increased susceptibility to infections
...
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is crucial for calcium and phosphorus metabolism, impacting bone health and immune
function
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- Functions:
- Regulates calcium absorption in the intestines and maintains bone density
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- De ciency:
- Results in rickets in young animals and osteomalacia in adults, characterized by weak bones
and deformities
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Vitamin E
Vitamin E, primarily in the form of tocopherols, acts as a potent antioxidant, protecting cell
membranes from oxidative damage
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- Supports immune function and plays a role in reproductive health
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- Toxicity:
- Generally low toxicity; however, excessive amounts can interfere with vitamin K metabolism
and lead to bleeding disorders
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It is found in
green leafy vegetables and is synthesized by gut bacteria
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- Supports bone health through the regulation of calcium metabolism
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- Toxicity:
- Rarely occurs, but synthetic forms (like menadione) can cause toxicity if administered in high
doses
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- Functions:
- Protects against oxidative stress and supports immune function
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- De ciency:
- Leads to scurvy, characterized by poor wound healing, skin lesions, and joint pain
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- B1 (Thiamine):
- Important for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function
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- B2 (Ribo avin):
- Involved in energy production and cellular function
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- B3 (Niacin):
- Essential for DNA repair and energy metabolism
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- B5 (Pantothenic Acid):
- Crucial for fatty acid synthesis and energy production
...
- B6 (Pyridoxine):
- Involved in amino acid metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis
...
- B7 (Biotin):
- Important for fatty acid synthesis and energy metabolism
...
- B9 (Folate):
- Essential for DNA synthesis and cell division
...
- B12 (Cobalamin):
- Vital for red blood cell formation and neurological function
...
Metabolism and Absorption
Vitamins are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, with fat-soluble vitamins requiring dietary fats
for absorption
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The
metabolism of vitamins involves various biochemical pathways, with some vitamins being
converted into active forms that participate in enzymatic reactions
...
Recent advances in analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), are enhancing the ability to pro le vitamin metabolites,
particularly vitamin D
...
The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) metabolite is
commonly used to assess vitamin D status, but pro ling other metabolites is becoming essential
for a comprehensive understanding of vitamin D metabolism
...
Establishing reference ranges and understanding species di erences in
vitamin D metabolism are critical for improving veterinary care
...
Adequate dietary intake and understanding of
their biochemical roles are essential for preventing de ciencies and promoting overall well-being
in veterinary practice
...
Title: Vitamins - Veterinary Biochemistry notes
Description: Type of vitamin functions deficiency toxicity are described
Description: Type of vitamin functions deficiency toxicity are described