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Title: Environmental Scanning
Description: Trends Population Shifts Values Economic Forces Technology Types of Competition Components of Competition Consumer Behavior Decision Making Process Problem Solving Situational Influences Psychological Influences
Description: Trends Population Shifts Values Economic Forces Technology Types of Competition Components of Competition Consumer Behavior Decision Making Process Problem Solving Situational Influences Psychological Influences
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Marketing Class Notes
I
...
Environmental Scanning
A
...
)
B
...
Population Shifts (transportation, jobs, etc
...
Rural (Early 1900s)
2
...
Suburbs (Early 2000s)
4
...
Racial and Ethnic Diversity
1
...
Important to know number of African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, etc
...
a) ex) HEB targets consumers based on location
b) problem with multicultural targeting
cost
3
...
Values: we want to obtain as much value from a particular product as we can
F
...
Inflation
2
...
Economic Forces
1
...
Disposable Income
: what gets spent on necessities
3
...
Technology
1
...
Changing production of existing products
a) recycling
b) precycling: effort to minimize excess packaging
I
...
Types of Competition:
a) Pure Competition
: no barriers to entry
(1) the market dictates the price
(2) place is involved (out of 4 p’s → price, product, place, promotion)
b) Monopolistic Competition
: similar products with lots of competitors
(1) differentiating product → want to show what makes your product special
c) Oligopoly
(1) ex) phone carriers: AT&T, Sprint, Verizon
d) Pure Monopoly
: one firm in the market
2
...
(2) Apple as a supplier has power
c) existing competitors and substitutes
d) small business as competitors
3
...
Legislation
a) SelfRegulation: ex) Budweiser saying that people should drink responsibly
b) Laws restricting information collection and solicitation
Consumer Behavior
A
...
problem recognition
: perceiving a need
2
...
alternative evaluation
: assessing alternates
a) evaluative criteria
b) consideration set
4
...
post purchase behavior
: customer satisfaction
a) satisfied customers tell 3 people
b) dissatisfied customers tell 9 people
c) cognitive dissonance (buyer’s remorse)
(1) questioning your decision
(2) producers can minimize buyer’s remorse through: return policies, let consumers
sample the product (prevention)
B
...
How much is a satisfied customer worth?
1
...
Problem Solving
1
...
person at best buy → 1 on 1 to answer your questions)
E
...
Purchase Task
: personal purchase vs
...
Social Surroundings
: who’s around?
3
...
Temporal Effects
: time of day or amount of time to buy
5
...
Psychological Influences
1
...
Hierarchy of Needs: important for marketers
a) Selfactualization
: selffulfillment
b) Personal needs
: status, respect, prestige
c) Social needs
: friendship, belonging, love
d) Safety needs
: freedom from harm, financial security
e) Physiological Needs
: food, water, shelter, oxygen
3
...
introversion
b) sensing vs
...
feeling
d) judgement vs
...
Traits
5
...
Perception
a) Selective perception
: filtering of exposure, comprehension, retention
b) Selective exposure
: people are consistent with attitudes to messages
c) Selective comprehension
: interpreting information so that it is consistent with beliefs
d) Selective Retention
: consumers do not remember everything they see/hear
7
...
Strategies to Reduce Perceived Risk
a) Obtain seals of approval
b) secure endorsements
c) provide free trials/samples
d) give extensive instructions
e) provide warranties/guarantees
9
...
Apple TV
c) Stimulus Discrimination: not all light beers are alike
d) Cognitive learning
e) Brand loyalty
10
...
Attitude change
a) Change beliefs about a brand’s attributes
b) change perceived importance of attributes
c) add new product attributes
Title: Environmental Scanning
Description: Trends Population Shifts Values Economic Forces Technology Types of Competition Components of Competition Consumer Behavior Decision Making Process Problem Solving Situational Influences Psychological Influences
Description: Trends Population Shifts Values Economic Forces Technology Types of Competition Components of Competition Consumer Behavior Decision Making Process Problem Solving Situational Influences Psychological Influences