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Title: Allotropes of carbon:Diamond,Graphite,and Fullerene
Description: Carbon exists in several allotropes, each with distinct structures and properties. The three primary allotropes are diamond, graphite, and fullerene. All the notes are given in PDF
Description: Carbon exists in several allotropes, each with distinct structures and properties. The three primary allotropes are diamond, graphite, and fullerene. All the notes are given in PDF
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Allotropes of carbon:Diamond,Graphite,and Fullerene
llotropes of carbon are forms of carbon that have different structures
A
and properties
...
iamond is a form of carbon where each carbon atom is bonded to
D
four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral structure
...
For example, a
diamond can cut through steel like butter due to its hardness
...
Each carbon atom is bonded to three
other carbon atoms, leaving one electron free to move around
...
In fact,
graphite is often used as a lubricant
...
It was discovered in 1985 by Harry Kroto, Richard
Smalley, and Robert Curl, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry for their discovery
...
They have unique
electrical and mechanical properties, making them useful in a variety
of applications, such as medical imaging and drug delivery
...
The density of a substance is calculated as its
mass divided by its volume
...
51 g/cm³,
while graphite has a density of 2
...
This means that diamond
is approximately 1
...
ere's the calculation for diamond: Density = mass/volume Diamond
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density = 10 g (mass of a 1 cm³ sample of diamond) / 2
...
51
g/cm³
nd for graphite: Graphite density = 8 g (mass of a 1 cm³ sample of
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graphite) / 3
...
26 g/cm³
ere's a quote from Richard Smalley, one of the discoverers of
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fullerene: "Carbon is the most extraordinary element
...
"
n anecdote: Did you know that graphite was used in the first nuclear
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reactors to control the nuclear chain reaction? This is because
graphite is a good neutron moderator, meaning it can slow down
neutrons and increase their chances of causing a nuclear reaction
...
Diamond
is hard and thermally conductive, graphite is soft and slippery, and
fullerene has unique electrical and mechanical properties
...
ere's a code sample to calculate the density of diamond and
H
graphite:
Diamond density calculation
#
mass_diamond = 10 # mass of a 1 cm³ sample of
diamond
volume_diamond = 2
...
53 # volume of a 1 cm³ sample
of graphite
density_graphite = mass_graphite / volume_graphite
print("Graphite density:", density_graphite,
"g/cm³")
nd here's a hand-drawn plot comparing the density of diamond and
A
graphite:
Bolded key points:
llotropes of carbon have different structures and properties
...
Graphite is soft and slippery
...
Allotropes of carbon are used in a variety of applications, such
as cutting tools, lubricants, and medical imaging
...
56 times denser than graphite
Title: Allotropes of carbon:Diamond,Graphite,and Fullerene
Description: Carbon exists in several allotropes, each with distinct structures and properties. The three primary allotropes are diamond, graphite, and fullerene. All the notes are given in PDF
Description: Carbon exists in several allotropes, each with distinct structures and properties. The three primary allotropes are diamond, graphite, and fullerene. All the notes are given in PDF