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Unit 11
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Name the alcohol which is used for polishing wooden furniture
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What are alcohols?
Ans: Hydroxyl derivatives of aliphatic compounds are called alcohols
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What is the IUPAC name of

?

Ans: Ethane-1, 2-diol
4
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Ans:

5
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Ans: Phenol
6
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What is the common name of CH3OC2H5?
Ans: Ethylmethyl ether
8
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Ans: C6H5OCH3

or

9
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10
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Why is the bond angle

in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral

angle?

Ans: It is due to the repulsion between the unshared electron pairs of oxygen atom
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Why is the bond angle

slightly greater than the tetrahedral angle in

ethers?

Ans: It is due to the repulsive interaction between the two bulky  R groups or alkyl
groups
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Name the product obtained when propene is subjected to acid catalysed hydration
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In the reaction, H2C  CH2  H2O

H

X  Identify X
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In a reaction, CH3  CH  CH2  X  Name the product X formed in the

H2 O2 / NaOH

reaction
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16
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Ans: Isopropyl benzene
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The boiling point of alcohols is much higher than ethers and other classes of
compounds with similar molecular masses
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Ans: Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in alcohols
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Give reason: Lower alcohols are soluble in water
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19
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Ans: Phenol

20
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Ans: By steam distillation the two isomers are separated
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Ether is soluble in water
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Ans: Ether is soluble in water because oxygen of ether form hydrogen bonds with
water molecule
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What happens when an aldehyde is reduced? Write the general reaction OR explain
the reduction of aldehydes
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Ni
RCHO  H2  RCH2OH


Or
Aldehydes on reduction in presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium
aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) yield the respective primary alcohols
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An aldehyde reacts with Grignards reagent forming an inter immediate product
which on hydrolysis gives primary alcohol
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Ans: The aldehyde is methanal or formaldehyde
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How is phenol prepared from aniline? Write the equation
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Which on warming with water or treating
with dilute acids gives phenol
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What is meant by hydroboration – oxidation reaction
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Ans: Diborane reacts with alkenes to give trialkyl boranes which is oxidized to
alcohol by hydrogen peroxide in presence of sodium hydroxide
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Give two reactions that show acidic nature of phenol
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6
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H2SO4

R’COOH + RO-H

 X+ H2O


Ans: The name of the reaction is esterification and product X is an ester with the
formula RCOOR
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When phenol is treated with acid chloride in presence of pyridine base, what is the
product obtained
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pyridine
Ans: The reaction is C6 H5OH  RCOCl  C6H5OCOR  HCl


The product is an ester
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Explain the dehydration of ethanol with equation
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H2SO4 at 443 K
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conc H2SO4
CH3CH2OH  CH2  CH2  H2O
443 K

9
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OR
How is isopropyl alcohol converted to propene by dehydration reaction?
Ans: Secondary alcohols like isopropyl alcohol undergo dehydration on heating with
85% phosphoric acid at 440 K
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Explain the dehydration of tertiary alcohols
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Reaction:

11
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Ans:
Cu

(a) RCH2OH  RCHO
573
Cu
(b) R  CH  OH  R  C  R

573
||
|
O
R

X-Aldehyde
X = Secondary alcohol

12
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nitric acid at 298 K
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Ans: Phenol reacts with dil
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13
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Ans: Phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid forming picric acid or 2, 4, 6trinitro phenol
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Explain the bromination of phenol forming ortho and para bromophenols with
equation
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15
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Ans: Phenol reacts with bromine water forming a white ppt of 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol

16
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OR What happens when sodium phenate is
treated with carbon dioxide? Write equation and name the reaction
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This reaction is called Koble’s reaction
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How is phenol converted to benzene? Write the equation
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18
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Ans: Phenol is treated with chloroform and sodium hydroxide solution
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19
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Ans: Phenol undergoes oxidation with acidified sodium dichromate forming
benzoquinone
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How is diethyl ether or ethoxy ethane prepared from ethanol? Write equation
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H2SO4 to 413 K when ethoxy ethane is obtained
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Explain Wilhamson synthesis with equation
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By this method both symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers can be prepared
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Identify A and B in the following reactions and name the product obtained
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Explain the reaction of anisole with HI
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Ans: Anisole reacts with HI forming phenol and methyl iodide
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Explain the bromination of anisole with equation
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25
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Ans: Anisole reacts with chloromethane in presence of anhydrous aluminium
chloride as catalyst forming 2-methoxy toluene and 4-methoxy toluene
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26
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H2SO4 and conc
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Ans: Anisole reacts with a mixture of conc
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Nitric acid
forming ortho nitro anisole and paranitroanisole
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Three Mark Questions
1
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Ans: (1) In phenol, the  OH group is attached to sp2 hybridised carbon which is
more electronegative, hence the  OH bond becomes more polar
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(3) Delocalisation of negative charge in phenoxide ion makes phenoxide ion more
stable than phenol favouring the ionization of phenol
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Explain the mechanism of dehydration of ethanol to ethane
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H2SO4 at 443 K

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