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Title: Edexcel a level biology question paper 2 june 2024 salters Nuffield + mark scheme
Description: Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2024 Pearson Edexcel Advanced Level In Biology A Salters Nuffield (9BN0) Paper 02: Energy, Exercise and Coordination
Description: Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2024 Pearson Edexcel Advanced Level In Biology A Salters Nuffield (9BN0) Paper 02: Energy, Exercise and Coordination
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Edexcel a level biology
question paper 2 june
2024 salters Nuffield +
mark scheme
Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname
Centre Number
Other names
Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE
Friday 14 June 2024
Morning (Time: 2 hours)
Paper
reference
9BN0/02
Biology A (Salters Nuffield)
Advanced
PAPER 2: Energy, Exercise and Coordination
You must have:
Scientific calculator, pencil, ruler
Total Marks
Instructions
black ink or ball-point pen
...
all questions
...
the questions in the spaces provided
• Answer
– there may be more space than you need
...
• The
marks for each question are shown in brackets
• The
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question
...
• You
In
question(s)
with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
• structure yourmarked
answer logically showing how the points that you make are related or
follow on from each other where appropriate
...
• Read
to answer every question
...
P74457RA
©2024 Pearson Education Ltd
...
(a) The diagram represents a glucose molecule
...
P
Q
R
V
S
U
T
(i) Which atom does R represent?
(1)
A
carbon
B
hydrogen
C
nitrogen
D
oxygen
(ii) Which group does P represent?
(1)
A
CH2OH
B
CH3
C
COOH
D
OH
2
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Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box
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Answer ALL questions
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(b) PET, MRI and fMRI are methods for scanning the brain
...
This glucose can be detected so that PET can be used
to identify brain tumours
...
(2)
...
...
...
(ii) The images show brain scans produced from two imaging techniques other
than PET
...
(1)
...
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3
Turn over
(c) The diagram shows a human brain
...
Describe the possible effects of brain tumours in parts P and Q
...
...
...
This conversion
involves glycolysis as shown in the diagram
...
(4)
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
These organic molecules include pyruvate, lactate and vitamin C
...
Vitamin C solutions can be prepared from fresh or frozen cow liver
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(4)
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...
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...
Their symptoms included rapid breathing and an increased heart rate
...
(4)
...
...
...
...
...
...
Which of the following calculations would give the rate of breathing as
breaths per minute?
(1)
A
number of peaks on the trace in 10 seconds divided by 60
B
number of troughs on the trace in 15 seconds divided by 0
...
There was no
radiation leak but carbon dioxide was released
...
The diagram shows part of an ECG
...
(3)
...
...
...
...
...
This has led
to mutations in the developing embryos of pregnant women
...
Give a reason why some pregnant women may choose chorionic villus sampling
rather than amniocentesis
...
...
The mutation rate for human cells has been estimated to be 2
...
Calculate how many mutations could happen per body cell in one cell cycle
...
(b) Some mutations affect the phenotype of the organism
...
The anticodons of the first four tRNA molecules that carry amino acids into a
ribosome are shown
...
(2)
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(ii) Explain why a change in the DNA sequence can change the phenotype of
an organism
...
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...
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(c) Mutations can affect the metabolism of glycogen in fast twitch muscle fibres
...
(3)
...
...
...
...
...
The systole stage
was found to be 30% of his cardiac cycle
...
(2)
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(i) State what is meant by a 100% increased risk
...
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Give two risks of this treatment
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2
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(iii) Explain how antihypertensives can reduce the risk of developing CVD
...
...
...
...
...
00
B 0
...
50
D
1
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(3)
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...
...
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Each set of twins was the
outcome of two egg cells each fertilised by a different sperm cell
...
The zygote is a totipotent cell
...
There are pluripotent cells in a
five‑day-old embryo
...
(3)
...
...
...
...
...
Describe the role of centromeres in mitosis
...
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(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)
*P74457RA01532*
15
Turn over
(a) The diagram shows a section through a typical human retina
...
(2)
...
...
In this condition the speed of rhodopsin formation in rod cells is reduced after
exposure to bright light
...
(2)
...
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16
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7 The human retina contains rod cells and three types of colour sensitive cell
...
However, there are many inherited conditions that can
affect these cells
...
Each pedigree shows the
inheritance of a different genetic condition
...
Pedigree 1
Pedigree 2
Pedigree 3
Key
a shaded shape
shows the person has
the condition
Explain which family pedigree shows the inheritance of fundus albipunctatus
...
...
...
...
One pigment is sensitive to blue light, one to green light and one to red light
...
The genes for red and green
pigment are located on the X chromosome
...
(1)
...
*P74457RA01732*
17
Turn over
(ii) Some people do not have full colour vision and are described as being
colour blind
...
It was found that 4
...
Type of colour
blindness
Number of females
Number of males
Blue
1
2
Green
10
91
Red
2
25
The percentage of males in the whole sample was 55%
...
(3)
Answer
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(iii) Deduce how colour blindness is inherited
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(i) Which of the following is the location for the synthesis of protein in a cell?
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(1)
A
centrioles
B
Golgi apparatus
C
lysosomes
D
rough endoplasmic reticulum
(ii) Which of the following is the location where carbohydrate can be added to a
protein molecule in a eukaryotic cell?
(1)
A
cytoplasm
B
Golgi apparatus
C
lysosome
D
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(iii) Which of the following describes a peptide bond?
(1)
A
bond between a carbon atom on one amino acid and a
carbon atom on another amino acid
B
bond between a nitrogen atom on one amino acid and a
carbon atom on another amino acid
C
bond between a nitrogen atom on one amino acid and an
oxygen atom on another amino acid
D
bond between an oxygen atom on one amino acid and a
carbon atom on another amino acid
20
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8 Phytochromes are photosensitive pigments in plants that absorb light
...
Light of a suitable wavelength and duration can stimulate plant growth
...
(3)
...
...
...
...
...
...
This is believed to be a
defence against predators
...
(i) The investigation showed that the distribution of TTX within the pufferfish
varies, as shown in the table
...
046 mg
Muscle
2
...
365 mg
Skin
25
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(2)
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(ii) The investigation also tested the toxicity of the different tissues from each of
the five pufferfish
...
Level of toxicity per gram of pufferfish tissue / arbitrary units
Sex of fish
Liver
Muscle
Gonad
Skin
Female
126
4
398
18
Female
239
6
485
17
Female
112
4
350
16
Male
4
3
3
15
Male
4
3
4
17
Some humans eat pufferfish
...
(3)
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(2)
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(6)
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24
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The neurotoxins conotoxin and TTX work in different ways:
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*(b) Conus is a predatory marine snail
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The athletes were grouped based upon the type of sport they competed in
...
Group based on
type of sport
Total number of
athletes
Number of male
athletes
Mean age / years
Endurance
(e
...
cycling)
27
12
25
Mix-trained
(e
...
hockey)
31
22
27
(a) Which of the following shows the ratio, in its simplest form, of female to male
athletes in this investigation?
A
0
...
4 : 1
D
12 : 17
26
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10 Environmental conditions such as temperature can affect the performance of athletes
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(b) At the start of the investigation, each athlete swallowed a small digital
thermometer so their core body temperature could be measured
...
The athletes carried out warm-up activities for 20 minutes in a chamber set
at 16 °C
...
The intensity of the exercise was
increased at three-minute intervals
...
The change in body mass of each athlete during the warm-up activities and the
exercise was recorded
...
The warm-up and exercise were repeated at a temperature of 32 °C
...
(3)
...
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*P74457RA02732*
27
Turn over
(ii) The graph shows the effect of the warm-up activities (from 0–20 minutes) and
exercise (from 20 minutes) on mean core body temperature
...
(3)
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...
28
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40
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*(iii) The mean performance of the athletes was measured during the exercise as:
•
mean length of time of exercise
•
mean maximum power output
•
mean rate of sweating
...
Mean length of exercise
/ min
Type of
sport
Mean maximum power
output / a
...
Mean rate of sweating
/ kg hour–1
at 16 °C
at 32 °C
at 16 °C
at 32 °C
at 16 °C
at 32 °C
Endurance
64
47
4
...
7
0
...
6
Mix-trained
57
40
3
...
5
0
...
7
The results of this investigation were used to suggest that training
programmes should take into account different environmental conditions
...
(6)
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Summer 2024
Question Paper Log Number P74457RA
Publications Code 9BN0_02_2406_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2024
General Marking Guidance
•
All candidates must receive the same treatment
...
•
Mark schemes should be applied positively
...
•
Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie
...
All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately
...
Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i
...
if the answer matches the
mark scheme
...
•
Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited
...
•
Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it
with an alternative response
...
25
Mark
A is incorrect as this equation would not calculate breathing rate
C is incorrect as this equation would not calculate breathing rate
D is incorrect as this equation would not calculate breathing rate
1
Question
Answer
Number
3(b)
An explanation that makes reference to three of the
following:
Additional Guidance
ALLOW depolarisation, electrical impulses, action
potentials for electrical activity
•
K represents { ventricular systole / the QRS
complex } (1)
ALLOW contraction of ventricles
•
(AVN) picks up electrical activity from atria / allows
electrical activity to travel from atria to ventricles
(1)
ALLOW (AVN) picks up electrical activity from the
SAN
•
(but) delays transmission of electrical activity from
atria / allows time for atria to empty (1)
Mark
ALLOW delay gives time for ventricles to fill with
blood
ALLOW Purkinje fibres
•
passes electrical activity to { Purkyne fibres /
bundle of His } (1)
3
Question
Answer
Number
3(c)
An answer that makes reference to one of the following:
Additional Guidance
•
earlier in pregnancy when test can be carried out
(1)
ALLOW reference to number of weeks to show
CVS is done earlier in pregnancy (10-14 weeks)
than amniocentesis (15-20 weeks)
•
results available sooner (due to being carried out
earlier in pregnancy) (1)
ALLOW longer time to consider the outcome
Mark
IGNORE reference to miscarriage risk
1
Question
Number
4(a)
Answer
•
correct calculation (1)
Additional Guidance
Mark
(2
...
5 x 102
1
Question
Number
4(b)(i)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
An answer that makes reference to the following:
•
(only) U replaced by T (1)
ALLOW DNA does not have uracil
•
(so the other) 10 bases out of 12 are the same (1)
ALLOW (10 ÷ 12) x 100 = 83%
OR
{uracil / two} bases are different which makes up
17% of the bases
2
Question
Number
4(b)(ii)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
An explanation that makes reference to three of the
following:
•
(change in DNA) may cause a change to { an amino
acid / the amino acid sequence } / may result in a
STOP codon (1)
ALLOW primary structure for amino acid
sequence
•
protein { has a different shape / has a different
tertiary structure / is not made } (1)
ALLOW polypeptide for protein
•
so {does not function / function altered } (1)
•
example of how the change in protein produced
affects phenotype (1)
e
...
enzyme produced has a different specificity /
change to active site of enzyme / pigment no
longer produced / change in protein can alter
structure or function of a cell
3
Question
Answer
Number
4(c)
An explanation that makes reference to three of the
following:
Additional Guidance
Mark
ALLOW reverse arguments for why slow twitch
need less glycogen, e
...
slow twitch uses glucose
from liver
...
666
...
67 s)
•
calculate time for systole (1)
x 0
...
2s
ALLOW 0
...
67
Correct answer with no working gains full marks
Question
Number
5(b)(i)
Answer
•
twice as likely / doubles the likelihood (to develop
CVD) (1)
Additional Guidance
2
Mark
ALLOW doubles / x 2 the risk
1
Question
Number
5(b)(ii)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
An answer that refers to two of the following:
{cough / cold / flu-like symptoms} / {dizziness / fainting} /
headaches / fatigue (2)
ALLOW: diarrhoea, constipation, nausea, cold
hands/feet, oedema/swollen ankles
2
Question
Answer
Number
5(b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to four of the
following:
•
reduce blood pressure (1)
•
(so) less likely to damage (artery) endothelium (1)
•
(so) less likely to have an inflammatory response
(1)
•
less risk of {atheroma / plaque / atherosclerosis }
(1)
•
(therefore) less risk of lumen of artery being
{narrowed / blocked } (1)
Additional Guidance
Mark
ALLOW reduces chance of endothelial
dysfunction
4
Question
Number
6(a)
The only correct answer is C 0
...
00 is not the probability that non-identical twins are the same sex
B is incorrect as 0
...
00 is not the probability that non-identical twins are the same sex
Question
Answer
Number
6(b)
An explanation that makes reference to three of the
following:
•
acrosome to release {digestive / hydrolytic} enzymes
to {digest / form a channel through / penetrate /
break through } the zona (pellucida) (1)
•
mitochondria { to supply ATP / to carry out aerobic
respiration } (1)
•
flagellum allows movement of sperm towards the egg
(cell) (1)
•
haploid (nucleus) to produce a {2n / diploid} {number
of chromosomes / zygote } at fertilisation (1)
Additional Guidance
1
Mark
ALLOW acrosome contains digestive enzymes
to { get through the zona (pellucida) / reach
the egg cell membrane }
IGNORE to re-establish the {full/correct}
complement of chromosomes
3
Question
Answer
Number
6(c)(i)
A description that makes reference to three of the following:
Additional Guidance
•
totipotent stem cells have the potential to give rise to
all cell types (1)
ALLOW any cell type for all cell types
•
pluripotent stem cells can give rise to { most / some }
cell types (1)
ALLOW all cells except extra-embryonic cells /
cannot give rise to extra-embryonic cells
ALLOW placental cells for extra-embryonic
cells
•
totipotent stem cells can give rise to a whole organism
(pluripotent cannot) (1)
•
in totipotent stem cells no genes are inactivated /
pluripotent stem cells have some genes inactivated (1)
Mark
ALLOW expressed for activated
ALLOW differential gene expression
3
Question
Answer
Number
6(c)(ii)
A description that makes reference to three of the
following:
•
keep (pairs of) chromatids together (1)
•
{bind / attach} to spindle (fibres) (1)
•
during metaphase (1)
•
point at which the (sister) chromatids separate
during anaphase (1)
Additional Guidance
Mark
ALLOW joined, attached, bind, for keep
3
Question
Number
7(a)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
An answer that makes reference to the following:
•
(retina) made of a group of (specialised / similar)
cells (1)
IGNORE same cells (not correct for retina)
•
working together for a (specific) { function /
purpose } (1)
ALLOW reference to a stated function
2
Question
Answer
Number
7(b) (i)
A description that makes reference to two of the
following:
•
(rhodopsin reformation) occurs in the dark (1)
•
retinal joins to opsin (1)
•
trans retinal is converted to cis retinal (in the
dark) (1)
Additional Guidance
Mark
2
Question
Number
7(b) (ii)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
An explanation that makes reference to the following:
•
(pedigree) 2 (1)
•
(as only pedigree 2) shows parents { without the
condition / heterozygous parents / carriers } having
a child with the condition (1)
2
Question
Number
7(c) (i)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
Y chromosome is {smaller / shorter} (than the X
chromosome) (1)
1
Question
Number
7(c)(ii)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
Example of calculation
•
correct calculation of population size (1)
131 ÷ 0
...
55 = 1601
•
number of males not colour blind (1)
1601 - 118 = 1483
Correct answer with no working gains full marks
3
Question
Number
7(c)(iii)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
An explanation that makes reference to the following:
•
the allele for blue colour blindness is less common
in the population (1)
ALLOW – allele for red / green colour blindness
more common in the population
•
lower numbers for females than males for red and
green colour blindness (1)
ALLOW (red/green) colour blindness more
common in males than in females
•
(red and green colour blindness) less common in
females as they need both alleles (on X
chromosomes) to have the condition (1)
ALLOW females need to be homozygous
recessive to have the condition
•
higher in males as {allele found on X chromosome
/ allele absent on Y chromosome} so only one
allele for condition needed to express itself (1)
ALLOW males only need one copy of the
recessive allele to have the condition
4
Question
Number
8(a)(i)
Answer
Mark
The only correct answer is D - rough endoplasmic reticulum
A is incorrect as synthesis of the protein component of phytochrome does not occur at the centrioles
B is incorrect as synthesis of the protein component of phytochrome does not occur at the Golgi
apparatus
C is incorrect as synthesis of the protein component of phytochrome does not occur in lysosomes
1
Question
Number
8(a)(ii)
The only correct answer is B - Golgi apparatus
Answer
Mark
A is incorrect as addition of the non-protein component to make phytochrome does not occur in the
cytoplasm
C is incorrect as addition of the non-protein component to make phytochrome does not occur in
lysosomes
D is incorrect as addition of the non-protein component to make phytochrome does not occur on the
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
1
Question
Answer
Number
8(a)(iii) The only correct answer is B – bond between a nitrogen atom on one amino acid and a carbon atom
Mark
on another amino acid
A is incorrect as a peptide bond is not a bond between a carbon atom on one amino acid and a carbon
atom on another amino acid
C is incorrect as a peptide bond is not a bond between a nitrogen atom on one amino acid and an
oxygen atom on another amino acid
D is incorrect as a peptide bond is not a bond between an oxygen atom on one amino acid and a
carbon atom on another amino acid
Question
Number
8(b)(i)
The only correct answer is
1
Answer
D [X]
Mark
Converted
To phytochrome
Slowly
red
A is incorrect as phytochrome is not converted to the far red form in the dark
B is incorrect as phytochrome is not converted rapidly to the red form in the dark
C is incorrect as phytochrome is not converted to the far red form in the dark
1
Question
Answer
Number
8(b)(ii)
An explanation that makes reference to three of the
following:
•
phytochrome far red formed (in light) (1)
•
(phytochrome far red) is the active form (1)
•
(so phytochrome far red) stimulates {mitosis / cell
division / cell elongation } (1)
•
phytochrome far red {is a transcription factor /
activates transcription factors / stimulates protein
synthesis} (1)
Additional Guidance
Mark
ALLOW Pfr for phytochrome far red
3
Question
Number
9(a)(i)
Answer
Additional Guidance
Mark
Example of calculation
•
correct conversion to same units – either mg or µg
(1)
•
correct calculation of percentage difference (1)
0
...
025
84%
ALLOW 46 /45
...
65%
ALLOW 59 / 59
...
15%
Correct answer with no working gains full marks
Question
Answer
Number
9(a)(ii)
A description that makes reference to three of the following:
Additional Guidance
•
(like humans) they are mammals / (may be a) good
model for humans (1)
•
(therefore) will react in a similar way / metabolise the
toxin in the same way (1)
•
no risk to humans / unethical to test in humans (1)
ALLOW to find out if safe to eat, only male
fish safe to eat, liver edible
•
can control variables (1)
e
...
genetically identical
2
Mark
ALLOW similar anatomy
3
Question
Answer
Number
9(a)(iii) An answer that makes reference to two of the following:
•
greater level of toxicity in tissues of female pufferfish
(1)
•
for females, the level of toxicity (much) is higher in liver
and in {gonads / ovaries} / highest toxicity is in ovaries
(1)
•
for males and females {little / no} difference in / slightly
higher level of toxicity in muscle and skin of female
pufferfish (1)
Additional Guidance
Mark
ALLOW converse for males
2
Question
Number
*9(b)
Answers will be credited according to candidate’s deployment of knowledge and understanding of the
material in relation to the qualities and skills outlined in the generic mark scheme
...
Additional content included in the response must be scientific and relevant
...
g
...
TTX
•
•
•
•
•
less likely for neurones to depolarise / repolarise
as Na+ does not move in (during depolarisation) / move out (during repolarisation)
so fewer nerve impulses reach synapse
example of medicinal use - pain killer
discussion of the effect of prevention of impulse transmission on pain reduction
Concerns regarding use as a treatment
• study for pufferfish only done on one species
• study for pufferfish only done on five individuals
• mice studies only done to ascertain toxicity levels, not therapeutic levels
• toxicity studies done on mice which may not be a good human model for neurotoxins
• only two neurotoxins considered
6
Additional guidance
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Marks No awardable content
1-2
Limited scientific judgement made with a focus
on mainly just one method, with a few strengths
/ weaknesses identified
...
A scientific judgement is made through the
application of relevant evidence, with strengths
and weaknesses of each method identified
...
Level 3
5-6
A scientific judgement is made which is
supported throughout by sustained application
of relevant evidence from the analysis and
interpretation of the scientific information
...
Reference to conotoxin affecting synapse and
TTX affecting nerve impulse / depolarisation / action potential
OR either TTX or conotoxin mode of action considered and a
valid conclusion made
...
7 : 1
B is incorrect as 1: 12/5 is not the simplest ratio to show female and male athletes
C is incorrect as 1
...
g
...
1°C and 38
...
The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all the material
which is indicated as relevant
...
Mark
Indicative content
Evidence used to make judgements
• Greater duration of exercise at lower environmental temperature
• Greater power output at lower environmental temperature
• Higher rate of sweating at higher temperature
• Core body temp rising faster at higher temperature (from graph if referred to)
Conclusions
• Performance is increased at lower temperatures
• Increased sweating related to thermoregulation and not necessarily athletic performance
• Only elite athletes selected for investigation / need to take into account other variables considering
athletes
• Limited as only done at two environmental temperatures
• Only two types of sport considered
• Other environmental variables not controlled
• No relevant statistical analysis of data collected
6
Additional guidance
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Marks No awardable content
1-2
Limited scientific judgement made with a focus on mainly
just one method, with a few strengths / weaknesses
identified
...
g
...
A single conclusion made from: effect of environmental
temperature on performance / only 2 environmental
temperatures / only 2 sports / other variables not
controlled / no relevant statistical analysis given
A scientific judgement is made through the application of
relevant evidence, with strengths and weaknesses of each
method identified
...
g
...
Conclusion linking at least two aspects from - effect of
environmental temperature on performance / only 2
environmental temperatures / only 2 sports / other
variables not controlled / no relevant statistical analysis
given
At least three separate pieces of evidence used to
support judgements linked to biological knowledge e
...
duration of exercise, power output and sweating
A scientific judgement is made which is supported
throughout by sustained application of relevant evidence
from the analysis and interpretation of the scientific
information
...
Conclusion linking at least three aspects from - effect
of environmental temperature on performance / only 2
environmental temperatures / only 2 sports / other
variables not controlled / no relevant statistical analysis
given
Pearson Education Limited
Title: Edexcel a level biology question paper 2 june 2024 salters Nuffield + mark scheme
Description: Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2024 Pearson Edexcel Advanced Level In Biology A Salters Nuffield (9BN0) Paper 02: Energy, Exercise and Coordination
Description: Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2024 Pearson Edexcel Advanced Level In Biology A Salters Nuffield (9BN0) Paper 02: Energy, Exercise and Coordination