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Title: Edexcel as level biology B question paper 2 june 2024 salters Nuffield + mark scheme
Description: Edexcel as level biology B question paper 2 june 2024 salters Nuffield + mark scheme

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Edexcel as level biology
B question paper 2 june
2024 salters Nuffield +
mark scheme

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname

Centre Number

Other names

Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel GCE

Thursday 23 May 2024
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes)

Paper
reference

Biology B

8BI0/02
 

Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 2: Core Physiology and Ecology
You must have:
Scientific calculator, HB pencil, ruler

Total Marks

Instructions

Use black ink or ball-point pen
...

Answer all questions
...


Information

The total mark for this paper is 80
...

In question(s) marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
• structure
your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related or
follow from each other where appropriate
...

• Read
Try to answer every question
...

Turn over

P74475A

©2024 Pearson Education Ltd
...



(a) (i) Which of the following will lead to fewer resistant bacteria?

(1)

A
antibiotics being given to farm animals to prevent disease
B
doctors only prescribing antibiotics that are effective against
the pathogen
C
doctors only prescribing antibiotics for viral infections
D
patients stopping taking the antibiotics when they feel better


(ii) Which of the following would cause an increase in resistant bacteria?
A
antibiotic use leads to increased competition between bacteria

(1)

B
the antibiotic reducing the frequency of mutations in the bacteria
C
the resistant bacteria being killed by the antibiotic
D
the resistant bacteria surviving the antibiotic

2

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Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box
...


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Answer ALL questions
...


The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in several US states from
2005 to 2016
...


(2)


...



...



...




(ii) Explain the changes in hospital cases and community cases from
2012 to 2016
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(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)

4

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(2)

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BLANK PAGE

Turn over

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*P74475A0528*

5

A

B
S

T

U

(Source: © Aldona Griskeviciene/Shutterstock)



(i) Which structure is the xylem?

(1)

A
R
B
S
C
T
D
U


(ii) The actual diameter of the stem section A to B is 12 mm
...


(2)

Answer
...


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(b) (i) Which one of the following is a function of the xylem vessels in a plant?

(1)

A
transport of amino acids from leaves to growing regions
B
transport of mineral ions from roots to growing regions
C
transport of sucrose from leaves to growing regions
D
transport of water from leaves to stem
(ii) Which one of the following describes transport in the phloem?
A
the movement of substances is downwards only

(1)

B
the movement of substances is a passive process
C
the movement of substances is upwards only
D
the movement of substances is upwards and downwards


(c) Xylem and phloem are involved in the transport of substances in plants
...


(4)


...



...



...



...



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(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)



*P74475A0728*

7

Turn over

The diagram shows the apparatus used in this investigation
...




(a) (i) State the hypothesis being tested by the investigation
...



...


(ii) Explain one feature of the plants that should be controlled in
this investigation
...



...



...



...


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(iii) State the function of the layer of oil in this apparatus
...



...




(b) The student assumed that the rate of water loss is equal to the rate of
water uptake
...


(2)


...



...



...




*P74475A0928*

9

Turn over

(c) Describe how this investigation could be modified to determine the effect of
humidity on the rate of water uptake by seedlings
...



...



...



...



...



...



...
They then identified and
counted the number of species present and the numbers of individuals of the
different species in that area
...

Species

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Number of individuals of
each species

Woodrush

4

Holly

8

Bramble

1

Sedge

3

Ivy

4

(a) Calculate the index of diversity (D) for woodland A
...


(3)

Answer
...


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(b) The students then collected data from the same sized area in woodland B
...

Species

Number of each species

Woodrush

0

Holly

10

Bramble

4

Sedge

0

Ivy

4

The index of diversity (D) for woodland B was found to be lower than for
woodland A
...


(3)


...



...



...



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...



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...


(Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)

14

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(2)

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5 Blood cells carry out a wide variety of roles in the body
...


P


Q

R

S

T

U

(a) (i) Which of these components is involved in blood clotting?

V
(1)

A
Q
B
R
C
S
D
T


(ii) Which of these pairs of components is involved in the immune response?
A
P and Q

(1)

B
S and T
C
T and U
D
U and V
(iii) Which of these components is a lymphocyte?
A
P

(1)

B
R
C
T
D
U



*P74475A01528*

15

Turn over

The tables also show the normal number of blood cells
...
5 × 109

Normal range

1
...
5 × 109

B

above 4
...
0 × 109

Normal range

2
...
5 × 109

D

above 8
...

Table 3
Condition

Possible symptoms

A

infections that do not get better

B

swelling of lymph nodes
increased susceptibility to infection

C

D

16

in severe cases, bacteria that are
normally present in the mouth can
cause serious infections
can occur as a normal response
to infection

Medical advice
have a seasonal flu vaccine
avoid uncooked foods
if condition persists check for no
underlying condition such as leukaemia
cancer treatments such as
chemotherapy often cause
this condition
if condition persists check for no
underlying condition such as leukaemia

*P74475A01628*

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Tables 1 and 2 show data for the blood conditions, A, B, C and D
...


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Analyse the data in Tables 1, 2 and 3 to explain the consequences for patients
with these conditions
...



...



...



...



...



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...



...




(b) The evolutionary relationship between species can be determined using
gel electrophoresis
...


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6 (a) A species may be defined as a group of organisms with similar characteristics that
interbreed to produce fertile offspring
...
They wanted to determine if this plant was a
new species related to one or more of four known plant species
...

New
plant



Species
A

Species
B

Species
C

Species
D

(i) Analyse the data to assess whether the new plant is a new species
...



...



...



...



...



...



...



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...


(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)

20

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(2)

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(ii) Describe two other pieces of information the scientists could use to confirm if
the new plant is a new species
...
2

0
...
6

0
...
0

0
...
0

Time / seconds

0

0
...
4

0
...




(ii) Determine how many cardiac cycles there are in one minute, using the graph
...

22

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16

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7 The graph shows the pressure changes in the left side of the heart and in the aorta
during the cardiac cycle
...


(4)


...



...



...



...



...



...




*P74475A02328*

23

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(c) Describe the myogenic stimulation of the heart
...



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...


(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)

24

*P74475A02428*

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...


(3)


...



...



...



...



...



Step 1 Equal sized discs of beetroot were cut, washed, and placed in a boiling
tube containing 10 cm3 of ethanol with a concentration of 20%
...


Step 3 The discs of beetroot were then removed from the boiling tube
...


Steps 1 to 4 were repeated using ethanol concentrations of 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%,
60% and 0% using distilled water
...

The boiling tubes contained a red pigment that had leaked out of the
beetroot discs
...

The table shows the results of this investigation
...
u
...
02

0
...
02

0
...
01

0
...
02

0
...
04

0
...
02

0
...
03

0
...
03

0
...
06

0
...
08

0
...
10

0
...
09

0
...
10

0
...
12

0
...
12

0
...
12

0
...
15

0
...
16

0
...
15

0
...
15

0
...
19

0
...
22

0
...
22

0
...
21

0
...
70

0
...
64

0
...
65

0
...
65



(i) State why the discs were washed in Step 1
...



...


26

*P74475A02628*

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The following method was used
...


(2)


...



...



...


(iii) Calculate the standard deviation (s) for the results at 60% ethanol
...


(3)

Use the formula:
s

 x  x 

2

n 1

Answer
...


(1)



(v) Explain why standard deviation is a better measure of variation than range
...



...



...



...


(3)


...



...



...



...



...


Mark Scheme (Results)
Summer 2024

Pearson Edexcel Advanced Subsidiary
In Biology B (8BI0)
Paper 02: Core Physiology and Ecology

Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body
...
For further information visit our qualifications websites at
www
...
com or www
...
co
...
Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the
details on our contact us page at www
...
com/contactus
...
Our aim is to help everyone
progress in their lives through education
...
We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years,
and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation
for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in
education
...
pearson
...
Examiners must mark the first candidate in
exactly the same way as they mark the last
...
Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions
...




There is no ceiling on achievement
...




All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded
...
e
...
Examiners should also be prepared to award
zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of
credit according to the mark scheme
...




When examiners are in doubt regarding the application
of the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted
...


Using the Mark Scheme
Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise
...
Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider
every response: even if it is not what is expected it may be worthy of credit
...

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full
credit
...

Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word
is essential to the answer
...

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark
...
Do not give credit for correct words/phrases
which are put together in a meaningless manner
...

Quality of Written Communication
Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
• write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to
make the meaning clear
• select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex
subject matter
• organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when
appropriate
...

Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in
the mark scheme, but this does not preclude others
...

so (only) targeted / effective / specific antibiotic for that bacterium are
prescribed (1)
Allow converse for use non-specific
antibiotic

(2)

(Total for Question 1 = 8 marks)

Question
Number
2(a)(i)

Answer

Mark

The only correct answer is C T
A is not correct because R is the epidermis
(1)

B is not correct because S is the cambium
D is not correct because U is the parenchyma

Question
Number
2(a)(ii)

Answer

Mark
Example of calculation



measurement in mm allow 57-59

58mm ÷ 12
=4
...
9 (2)



and division by 12

(2)

= 4
...
9 (2)
Correct answer with no working gains full marks
allow 1 mark correct measurement or dividing by 12

Question
Number
2(b)(i)

Answer

Mark

The only correct answer is
B transport mineral ions from roots to growing regions
A is not correct the xylem does not transport amino acids to growing regions

(1)

C is not correct because xylem does not transport sucrose from leaves to growing regions
D is not correct because xylem does not transport water from leaves to stem

Question
Number
2(b)(ii)

Answer

Mark

The only correct answer is
D the movement of substances is upwards and downwards
A is not correct the movement of substances is not downwards only
B is not correct the movement of substances is not a passive process
C is not correct the movement of substances is not upwards only

(1)

Question
Number
2(c)

Answer

Additional Guidance

An answer that makes reference to four of the following

At least one similarity and one
difference

Mark

Similarities


vertical arrangement of cells / contain fibres / vascular tissue (1)



contain cellulose cell walls (1)



contain parenchyma cells (1)

(4)

Differences


Xylem mainly made up of lignified / cell walls contain lignin / secondary
thickening / xylem has pits (1)

Accept converse for phloem



xylem cell walls break down / no end walls in xylem / xylem continuous
tube (1)

Not ‘no cell walls’



phloem contains sieve tubes / sieve plates / companion cells (1)

(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)

Question Answer
Number
3(a)(i)
(removing) roots affects water loss (1)



Additional guidance

Mark

Accept null hypothesis or question

(1)

Question Answer
Number
3(a)(ii)
An explanation that refers to two of the following


same species / same surface area of leaves / size of leaves (1)

Additional guidance

Mark

Not type of plant / size of plant / number
of leaves
(2)

Question
Number
3(a) (iii)



so same density / number of stomata (1)



therefore same rate of transpiration / water loss (1)

Answer


prevent evaporation / water loss from surface of water / surface of beaker

Mark
(1)

Question
Number
3(b)

Answer

Additional Guidance

Mark

not all water taken up is
evaporated

(2)

An explanation that makes reference to two of the following:


water loss is less than water uptake / water uptake is greater than water loss (1)



because some water used in photosynthesis (1)



to maintain turgor (1)

Question Answer
Number
3(c)
A description that includes to the following

Additional Guidance

Mark

(4)



use seedlings all with roots / all seedlings without roots (1)



method of changing humidity (1)

E
...
using plastic bag/ moist air
spray/ in greenhouse



control named abiotic variable (1)

E
...
temperature / light / wind



repeat to calculate mean (1)



for stated time / change in mass per unit time (1)

ACCEPT
other
methods

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

Question
Number
4(a)

Answer

Additional guidance

An answer that includes

Example of calculation



calculation of numerator

20 x 19 = 380



calculation of denominator

(12 +56+0+6+12) = 86



correct calculation of D

380 ÷ 86
(3)
D = 4
...
4186

D = 4
...

The indicative content below is not prescriptive and candidates are not required to include all the material which is indicated as
relevant
...

Reference to changes in number of blood cells


Condition A too few



Condition B too many



Condition C too few



Condition D too many



notes that normal range is very wide



small change can lead to condition being diagnosed

Reference to symptoms


Condition A cannot prevent /defend against infection as too few antibodies produced



Condition B causing swelling as overproduction of lymphocytes and antibodies



Condition C unable to produce (nonspecific) immune response so less phagocytosis /bacteria in gut body mouth
not destroyed engulfed



Condition D too many phagocytes produced in response to infection

Advice


Condition A avoid infection as few antibodies produced / have vaccinations to boost antibody production



Condition B check overproduction not due to blood cancer / leukemia



Condition C avoid infections lack of cells may be due to chemotherapy killing fast growing cells



Condition D too many normally not an issue but check overproduction not due to blood cancer / leukemia



Advice depends upon age as cell numbers change with age
(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

Level

Mark
0

1

1-2

Descriptor
No awardable content
The explanation will contain basic information with some attempt made to link knowledge and understanding to the given
context
...

2

3-4

The explanation shows some linkages and lines of scientific reasoning with some structure
...


3

5-6

The explanation shows a well-developed and sustained line of scientific reasoning which is clear, coherent and logically
structured
...
8

Additional guidance

Mark

allow 75-78
= 75 cycles per minute allow

(1)

Question Answer
Number
7 (b)
An explanation that makes reference to the following points:


A atrioventricular valve closes because pressure in ventricle becomes higher than
pressure in atrium (1)



B semilunar valve / aortic valve opens because pressure in ventricle becomes higher
than pressure in aorta (1)



C semilunar valve closes because pressure in aorta exceeds pressure in ventricle (1)



D atrioventricular valve opens because ventricular pressure falls below pressure in
atrium (1)

Additional guidance

Mark

Accept converse
Must have valve change
and pressure change

(4)

Question Answer
Number
7 (c)
A description that makes reference to four of the following:


SAN acts as pacemaker (1)



impulse travels through heart (muscle / fibres) cause atrial contraction (1)



AVN delays transmission of impulse so contraction of ventricle after atria (1)



impulse spreads through Purkinje / Purkyne fibres via bundle of His (1)



impulse travels from apex of the ventricles (1)

Additional guidance

Mark
(4)

Accept initiates depolarisation /
depolarisation starts at SAN

(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)

Question Answer
Number
8(a)
A description that makes reference to the following:


diffusion - the movement of molecules / ions / particles down a concentration gradient
(1)



facilitated diffusion - the movement of molecules / ions / particles down a concentration
gradient via specific transmembrane integral proteins / channels / carrier molecules (1)



osmosis - the movement of water down a water potential gradient (through a partially
permeable membrane) (1)

Additional guidance

Mark

allow high to low water
conc
...
0388

substitution and division

÷ 5 = 0
...
00776 = 0
...
0388 or 0
...
09 (3)
Allow 1 mark for dividing by 5

Allow 2 marks for 0
...
Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom


Title: Edexcel as level biology B question paper 2 june 2024 salters Nuffield + mark scheme
Description: Edexcel as level biology B question paper 2 june 2024 salters Nuffield + mark scheme