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CHEMISTRY B

OCR 2024
GCSE Chemistry B (Twenty First Century Science)
J258/04 Depth in Chemistry (Higher Tier)
With Marking Scheme Merged

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Tuesday 11 June 2024 – Morning
GCSE (9–1) Chemistry B (Twenty First Century Science)
J258/04 Depth in Chemistry (Higher Tier)
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
You must have:
• a ruler (cm/mm)
• the Data Sheet for GCSE (9–1) Chemistry B

H

(inside this document)
You can use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• an HB pencil

Please write clearly in black ink
...

Centre number

Candidate number

First name(s)
Last name
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink
...

• Write your answer to each question in the space provided
...
The question numbers must be clearly shown
...

• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working
...

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 90
...

• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*)
...

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer
...

Carbon dioxide is produced when fossil fuels are burned in power stations to generate electricity
...
These
schemes add to the cost of electricity
...

Use ideas of risk and benefit
...


...


...


...
This is a decrease of 49%
...

decrease in mass
Use the formula: percentage decrease =

mass added to the air during 1990 × 100

Mass added to the air during 1990 =
...


Stored CO2

Empty oil field

Scientists make two predictions:

(i)

1
...


2
...


Which is the best estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide that can be stored in UK oil fields?
Tick (3) one box
...
3 × 10 million tonnes
4
> 2
...
3 × 10 million tonnes
6
> 2
...

State one other factor that affects the amount of fossil fuels we burn
...


...


(a) The reaction makes a gas
...

(i)

Complete the diagram to show how the student sets up their measuring cylinder to collect
the gas over water
...


Dilute acid

Solid
[3]
(ii) The student finds it difficult to measure the volume accurately in the measuring
cylinder
...


...
[1]

© OCR 2024

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6
(b) The student plots a graph of their results
...

140
tangent

120
100
Volume of 80
3
gas (cm )
60
40
20

00

(i)

30

60

90

120 150 180 210 240
Time (s)

Calculate the gradient of the tangent shown on the graph
...
cm / s [3]

(ii) What information does your answer to (i) give about the
reaction? Tick (3) one box
...

The rate of reaction at 120 s
...


The volume of gas made in the first minute of the reaction
...

The rate of the reaction increases each time
...

Change in
condition

Explanation

Increased concentration
of acid

Frequency of particle collision
increases because surface area
increases
...


Smaller pieces
of solid

More particle collisions are
successful because the energy of
the particles increases
...


(a) They use small, coloured beads to represent the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the
model, as shown in the diagram
...

(i)

Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in the atom
...


[2]

(ii) Write a description for each of the particles in the atom
...

Proton
...

Neutron
...

Electron
...

[3]

© OCR 2024

9
(b) In the model, the protons have a diameter of 0
...
Model of proton

0
...


If they make their model to scale, what is the diameter of the model atom?
Give your answer in metres
...
m [2]
(c) The student makes a model of some atoms of other
elements
...
1 shows the particles in each atom
...
1

(i)

Element

Number of
protons

Number of
neutrons

Electron
arrangement

A

3

4

2
...
6

C

12

12

2
...
2

Identify whether each element is a metal or a non-metal
...

Element

Metal

Non-metal

A
B
C
[2]
(ii) Use ideas about electron arrangement to explain how you decided if each element was a metal
or a non-metal
...


...
[1]
© OCR 2024

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10
4

Scientists collect data to explain how the Earth’s atmosphere formed
...


80

Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide

Percentage 60
of each gas
in the
atmosphere

40

Oxygen

20
Hydrogen
0
4500

4000

3500

3000 2500
2000
1500
Millions of years ago

1000

500

0
Atmosphere
now

Scientists also study the composition of gases that come out of active volcanoes today
...

Gas

Percentage composition

Water vapour

92

Carbon dioxide

4
...
5

Nitrogen

0
...
They
think that:
1
...


2
...


How does the data in the table and the graph support these ideas?

...


...


...


...
[3]

(b)
(i) Explain the changes to the percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere shown
on the graph
...


...


...


...

Explain why
...


...


...


(a) State one reason why steel is more useful than pure iron
...


...
8% iron and 0
...

The ratio by mass of iron : carbon in this steel is greater than 800 : 1
...


[1]
(ii) The ratio by number of moles of iron : carbon in this steel is approximately 175 :
1
...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

13
(c)* Different parts of a bike are each made from different steel alloys
...

The diagram shows the different methods to prevent corrosion that are used on each part of the
bike
...


...


...


...


...


...


...
[6]

© OCR 2024

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14
6

A scientist works in a laboratory that tests medicines
...


(a) Which statement is the definition of a formulation?
Tick (3) one box
...

A solid substance that is soluble in water
...

Several elements bonded together to make a molecule
...

In their laboratory they have distilled water and tap water
...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

15
(c) The scientist uses paper chromatography to separate the substances in one of their medicines
...

The diagram shows their results
...

Stationary phase
...

[2]

(ii) Use ideas about solubility to explain why the substances separate
...


...


...

Suggest one way they can increase the separation of the substances
...


...

The table shows their results
...

Impure substances
...


...
1 shows the formulae and boiling points of some alkanes
...
1
Alkane
Ethane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
(i)

Formula

Boiling point
(°C)

C2H6

–89

CH
4 10
CH
5 12
CH
6

14

Use the data in Table 7
...
You need to:
•
•
•

© OCR 2024

complete the scale on the vertical axis
plot the boiling point of each alkane
draw a line of best fit
...
5
36
69

19

Boiling
point (°C)

– 60

– 80

– 100 0

1

2
3
4
5
Number of carbon atoms in formula

6

7

[3]
(ii) Use your graph to estimate the boiling point of propane, C3H8
...
°C [1]
© OCR 2024

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20
(b) Table 7
...

Table 7
...


(i) Complete Table 7
...


[1]

(ii) Explain why the molecular formula and empirical formula for propane are the same
...


...


...

The greater the difference in reactivity between the metal and the metal ion, the greater the
energy given out when they react together
...

They measure the maximum temperature change when each metal is added to a solution that
contains aqueous iron ions
...

This time they add each metal to a solution that contains aqueous copper ions
...

Maximum temperature change (°C)
When added to
aqueous iron ions

When added to
aqueous copper ions

Calcium

12

15

Lead

0

2

Iron

0

4

Zinc

8

11

Magnesium

10

12

© OCR 2024

23
What conclusions can be made about the order of reactivity of the metals, including copper,
from the information in the table?
Use ideas about temperature changes and reactivity in your answer
...


...


...


...


...


...


...
Most plastic water bottles are made from
PET
...

These new polymers can be used to make fabric for clothing and other products
...

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Waste PET
bottles are
collected,
sorted and
washed
...


Polymers are
made into fabric
for clothing and
other products
...

They find that the recycling process uses large amounts of energy
...


...


...
[2]

(ii) Explain why the use of energy is an important factor to consider when carrying out a life cycle
assessment
...


...


...

Suggest two reasons why recycling PET bottles reduces harm to the environment
...


...


...

Two of the products made from the fabric are padded jackets and insulation for houses
...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

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26
10 A student investigates the reaction of an element with oxygen gas, O2, to make an oxide
...

The graph shows their results
...
0
5
...
0
Number of
moles of
element

3
...
0
1
...
5 1
...
5 2
...
5
Number of moles of
oxygen gas

3
...

Explain why
...


...


...
5 moles of the element
...


Mass of oxygen gas =
...
They use X to represent the symbol of the
element
...

Tick (3) one box
...


...
[1]

© OCR 2024

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28
11
(a) Ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, is made in an industrial process for use as a fertiliser
...

(NH4)2CO3(aq) + CaSO4(s)

(NH4)2SO4(aq) + CaCO3(s)

Suggest the method used to separate aqueous ammonium sulfate from the mixture of products
at the end of the reaction
...

Method
...


...

Aqueous ammonia, NH3(aq), reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to make aqueous ammonium
sulfate
...


...

True

False

Industrial processes are usually continuous,
laboratory reactions prepare chemicals in batches
...

In industry, more than one process is often used to
make the same product
...
You must write the question numbers clearly
in the margin
...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...

© OCR 2024

30

...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...

© OCR 2024

32

...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...



...


...


...


Higher
GCSE
Chemisty B Twenty First Century Science
J258/04: Depth in Chemistry (Higher Tier)
General Certificate of Secondary Education

Mark Scheme for June 2024

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of
qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities
...


It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and
the needs of students and teachers
...

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements
of the examination
...
It does not
indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before
marking commenced
...

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the
report on the examination
...


Make sure that you have accessed and completed the relevant training packages for on-screen marking: RM Assessor Online Training; OCR
Essential Guide to Marking
...


Make sure that you have read and understood the mark scheme and the question paper for this unit
...


3
...


MARKING
1
...


2
...


3
...
It is essential that you meet the RM Assessor 50% and 100% (traditional 50% Batch 1 and
100% Batch 2) deadlines
...


4
...


2

J258/04
5
...


where a candidate crosses out an answer and provides an alternative response, the crossed out response is not marked and gains
no marks

b
...


6
...
If
the candidate has continued an answer there then add a tick to confirm that the work has been seen
...


There is a NR (No Response) option
...
g
...
g
...


Note: Award 0 marks – for an attempt that earns no credit (including copying out the question)
...


The RM Assessor comments box is used by your Team Leader to explain the marking of the practice responses
...
Do not use the comments box for any other reason
...


9
...
The report should contain notes on particular strengths displayed as well as common errors or weaknesses
...


3

J258/04
10
...
The
indicative scientific content in the Guidance column indicates the expected parameters for candidates’ answers, but be prepared to recognise and
credit unexpected approaches where they show relevance
...


Once the level is located, award the higher or lower mark:
The higher mark should be awarded where the level descriptor has been evidenced and all aspects of the communication statement
(in italics) have been met
...

In summary:
The skills and science content determines the level
...
Level of response questions on this paper are 5c and 8

4

J258/04
11
...


Mark Scheme

Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the detailed Mark Scheme (to include abbreviations and subject-specific
conventions)
...


Mark Scheme

June 2024

Subject-specific Marking Instructions

INTRODUCTION
Your first task as an Examiner is to become thoroughly familiar with the material on which the examination depends
...


You should ensure that you have copies of these materials
...
These are set out in the OCR
booklet Instructions for Examiners
...

Please ask for help or guidance whenever you need it
...


7

J258/04

Mark Scheme

June 2024

The breakdown of Assessment Objectives for GCSE (9-1) in Chemistry B:
Assessment Objective
AO1

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific techniques and procedures
...
1

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas
...
2
AO2

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific techniques and procedures
...


AO2
...


AO2
...


AO3
AO3
...

Analyse information and ideas to interpret and evaluate
...
1a

Analyse information and ideas to interpret
...
1b

Analyse information and ideas to evaluate
...
2

Analyse information and ideas to make judgements and draw conclusions
...
2a

Analyse information and ideas to make judgements
...
2b

Analyse information and ideas to draw conclusions
...
3

Analyse information and ideas to develop and improve experimental procedures
...
3a

Analyse information and ideas to develop experimental procedures
...
3b

Analyse information and ideas to improve experimental procedures
...
1 IGNORE references to layers of carbon dioxide
/ozone layer / use of fossil fuels
IGNORE natural disasters/tsunamis

which makes ice caps or glaciers melt / sea level rise
/ crops fail / extinctions / extreme weather events

✓

3
...
2

(c)

ALLOW 2 marks for (400/49) x 100 seen in
answer (MP1 and MP2)
IGNORE incorrect unit conversion for MP1 and
MP2 e
...
ALLOW 2 marks for 816 000 000 / 81
600

✓

Ans = 816 (millions tonnes)

DO NOT ALLOW MP3 if there is a unit
conversion
Use of 51 rather than 49 loses MP1 only
e
...
ALLOW 2 marks for 784 million tonnes
(answer based on 51%)

✓

(i)

> 2
...
2b

(ii)

demand for transport/cars/vehicles/(domestic)
heating/manufacturing / use of renewables / use of
other fuels e
...
hydrogen/biogas/fuels from waste
...
1

✓

ALLOW 2 or more sig figs from 816
...


✓

shows evidence of rearranging formula e
...
(400/49) x
100

IGNORE indirect effects e
...
habitat loss/damage
to ecosystems
ALLOW examples of extreme weather e
...

tornadoes/droughts/wildfires

IGNORE demand for fuels/energy alone / cost
ALLOW demand for fuel for specified use/petrol
IGNORE population growth / supply of fossil
fuels/ efficiency arguments / limits on emissions

J258/04

Mark Scheme

Question
2

(a)

Answer
(i)

Marks

Shows upside down measuring cylinder in container
with delivery tube entering bottom of cylinder

June 2024

✓

at least two correct apparatus labels

3

AO
Guidance
element
2 x 1
...
3a

apparatus and water level appropriate to collect gas
(water in container, end of measuring cylinder below
level of water, tube in measuring cylinder)

(b)

✓

use a gas syringe / use a burette

(i)

FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE
3
If answer = 0
...
47 (cm3/s)

(ii)

IGNORE small gaps only

✓

(ii)

Shows (210-30) OR 180 in working

Appropriate labels are: measuring cylinder,
(delivery) tube and
trough/beaker/bowl/container/tray… etc

3
...
466666…
seen anywhere in answer

3

✓

✓
2
...

ALLOW answer on ECF to 1dp if calculation
computes exactly to 1dp
ALLOW 0
...
1b

J258/04

Mark Scheme
(c)

June 2024

2
change in conditions

explanation

increased concentration
of acid

frequency of particle collision
increases because surface area
increases

increased temperature

frequency of particle collision
increases because particles are
closer together

smaller pieces of solid

more particle collisions are
successful because the energy of
the particles increases

11

1
...
3

(ii)

AO
Guidance
element
2
...
1

✓

If 3 marks are not awarded ALLOW MAX 2 for
all charges correct = 1 mark
all masses correct = 1 mark
all locations correct = 1 mark

neutrons are neutral/have no charge AND have a
relative mass of 1 AND are in the nucleus

✓

ALLOW mass of protons and/or neutrons as +1
ALLOW no mass / allow values e
...
0
...
2

2

2
...
1

Shows 0
...

IGNORE number of electrons in the outer shell
relates to the Group number

J258/04

Mark Scheme

Question
4

Answer

(a)

Marks

Atmosphere formation:
(early) atmosphere and volcano gases a contain
carbon dioxide and nitrogen and hydrogen / volcano
gases contain the same gases present in the
atmosphere

June 2024

3

✓

(graph) (early) atmosphere and volcanoes gases
contain more carbon dioxide than other gases
(hydrogen and nitrogen)

AO
Guidance
element
3
...
1b (‘the table’)
IGNORE references to oxygen /
photosynthesis / respiration / development of
the atmosphere / comparison to composition of
atmosphere today

✓

Ocean formation:
there are large amounts/92% of water vapour in
volcano gases but not in the early atmosphere

(b)

(i)

✓

plants appeared/carbon dioxide dissolves in the
oceans

3

✓

2
...
1

carbon dioxide has fallen and oxygen has increased

✓
ALLOW 2 marks (MP2 and MP3) for
photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and
produces oxygen
IGNORE correct references to respiration
DO NOT ALLOW MP3 if stated that respiration
produces oxygen / uses carbon dioxide

photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and/or produces
oxygen

(ii)

✓

animals (and plants) use oxygen (for respiration)

✓

2

rate of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide being used up is
equal to the rate of production / same amount of
carbon dioxide and/or oxygen is produced and used

✓

13

ALLOW carbon dioxide has the second
highest percentage composition in volcano
gases and the highest in the (early)
atmosphere AW
Plants=algae/phytoplankton/photosynthetic
organisms/photosynthetic bacteria
/cyanobacteria

1
...
1
IGNORE ‘equilibrium’
ALLOW rate of photosynthesis = rate of
respiration

J258/04

Mark Scheme

Question
5

improved properties / harder / stronger / more
corrosion resistant

(b)

AO
Marks element

Answer

(a)

June 2024

✓

1

1
...
8/0
...
2

(ii)

mole ratio is smaller because iron has a higher
relative atomic mass / carbon has a lower relative

2

2
...
8 and 12

✓✓

14

Guidance
IGNORE more malleable/ductile/melting
point/brittleness/hardwearing/durability/takes
more weight
ALLOW does not rust
ALLOW 800 x 0
...
8%)
OR ratio is 800:0
...
8) and carbon (12) are different
ALLOW mass number
DO NOT ALLOW molecular mass / Mr /
relative formula mass / RFM

J258/04
(c)*

Mark Scheme
Please refer to the marking instructions on page 4 of this
mark scheme for guidance on how to mark this question
...
1
4 x 2
...

There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is
clear and logically structured
...

Level 2 (3–4 marks)
identifies both types of rust prevention
OR
explains how both types of coating work
OR
identifies one type of rust prevention and explains how a
different type of coating works
OR identifies or explains one type of coating and
discusses effect of damage for one type of coating
There is a line of reasoning presented with some structure
The information presented is relevant and supported by
some evidence
...
1 Identifies type of rust prevention
• painting/oiling are barrier methods
• zinc is a sacrificial protection method
AO1
...
1 Discuses effects of damage to coatings
• oil or paint damage allows corrosion
• oil or paint damage allows oxygen/air and
water to reach iron
• damage to zinc does not allow corrosion
• damaged zinc will continue to react in place of
iron / will reform zinc oxide layer
At levels 1 and 2, omission of air and/or
water compromises the line of reasoning
IGNORE references to
displacement Note galvanising =
zinc coating wear away = damage

Level 1 (1–2 marks)
Identifies one type of rust prevention
OR explains how one of the coatings on the bike works
There is an attempt at a logical structure with a line of
reasoning
...

0 marks
No response or no response worthy of credit
...
✓
Tap water contains (dissolved) substances / contains

1

AO
element
1
...
1

(b)

chlorine

✓

Distilled water contains only water / contains no
other substances

(c)

(i)
(ii)

✓

✓

stationary phase: (chromatography) paper (alone)
✓
mobile phase: water/solvent (alone)
✓✓
more soluble substances travel further ORA

(iii) leave the experiment for a longer time / allow the
solvent front to travel further / use a different solvent
/ use a longer chromatography paper

(d)

Impure substances: B, D and E

2

2
...
2

1

3
...
1a

✓

✓

Guidance

ALLOW minerals / calcium / magnesium /
elements / salts / compounds / ions
IGNORE tap water contains impurities /
distilled water contains no impurities / distilled
is pure
...

IGNORE microorganisms/bacteria etc
...
g
...
g
...
g
...
2
Major gridlines labelled in intervals of 20 up to
(at least) 80

✓
DO NOT ALLOW MP2 if scale is non-linear but
allow ECF for MP3

✓

best fit line

(b)

(ii)

Allow stated values from -50 to -40 (oC)

(i)
(i)

C2H5

✓

✓

already in simplest ratio / empirical formula shows
simplest ratio

✓

no common factors of 3 and 8 / cannot be divided by
the same number / cannot have a formula that
involves a decimal place

✓

17

1

1
...
2
2
...

IGNORE units
ALLOW ECF on incorrectly plotted line +/-1

ALLOW 3 cannot be divided by 2
...


6

June 2024
AO
Guidance
element
2 x 3
...
2b Gives an order of reactivity
4 x 2
...

There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear
and logically structured
...

Level 2 (3–4 marks)
Gives a correct order for at least three metals and justifies
using temperature changes
...
The information presented is relevant and
supported by some evidence
...

There is an attempt at a logical structure with a line of
reasoning
...

0 marks
No response or no response worthy of credit
...
2 Justifies using temperature changes
• highest temperature change shows
highest reactivity
• links size of temperature change correctly
to reactivity for at least two metals
• explains reactivity of iron and lead cannot
be decided from iron ions reaction
• states that lead does not react with iron
ions because lead is less reactive than
iron
• explains that all metals react with copper
ions because they are all more reactive
than copper
• explains that copper is less reactive than
iron so reactions with copper give
greater temperature changes
Answers placing metals in order alone may be
awarded Level 1 but have no line of reasoning
Note omitting ‘ions’ e
...
‘iron’ rather than ‘iron
ions’ limits logical structure at level 3 only
...
1

ALLOW need (lots of) energy to give high

✓

temperature
IGNORE energy used for collection, sorting
and washing alone
...
1

(b)

✓

Any two from:

2

less landfill/do not need to be incinerated/not
biodegradable

✓

raw materials do not need to be extracted

3
...
g
...


harmful emissions from burning fuels / named
emission e
...
CO, C particulates, NOx, SOx

Guidance

✓

19

✓

ALLOW for MP3 crude oil does not need to be
extracted

J258/04

Mark Scheme
(c)

Any two from:

2

ideas about lifetime of use / time before disposal /
insulation will be used for a longer time than a jacket
✓

energy or water use in manufacturing jackets and
insulation will be different / manufacture involves
different processes

✓

padded jackets have other materials added

✓

idea that house insulation reduces energy use in
houses

June 2024

✓

20

3
...
1

✓

Guidance

IGNORE positive correlation
DO NOT ALLOW inversely proportional (max 1)

(Multiples) number of moles of element doubles as
number of moles of oxygen doubles / number of
moles of oxygen is (always) half number of moles of

IGNORE oxygen increases by 0
...
0 each time / both increase by
the same interval each time

element ORA

ALLOW one doubles when the other doubles

✓

(Line) straight line goes through origin AW

(b)

AO
element
3
...
75 quoted in working
✓

3

2
...
0
e
...
3 x 32 = 96 g (2 marks)

✓

ALLOW ECF for RFM = 16 for oxygen (to give
answer 12 g) (2 marks)

✓

2X+O2
2XO
Explanation: from the graph, 2 moles of element X
reacts with 1 mole of oxygen

✓

21

1
1

3
...
1b

ALLOW ‘amount’ = moles

J258/04

Mark Scheme

Question
11

(a)

Answer
Filtration

June 2024

Marks

✓
2

3
...
2

2

2
...
1

(filtration because) calcium carbonate (and excess
calcium sulfate) is a solid / to remove solids
(b)

correct formulae only

✓

balanced and state symbols

(c)

✓

2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH4)2SO4(aq)

T
F
T

AO
element

Guidance

✓

✓✓

22

All correct = 2marks
2 correct =1 mark



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