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CHEMISTRY B

OCR 2024
GCSE Chemistry B (Twenty First Century Science)
J258/01 Breadth in Chemistry (Foundation Tier)
With Marking Scheme Merged

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Friday 17 May 2024 – Morning
GCSE (9−1) Chemistry B (Twenty First Century Science)
J258/01 Breadth in Chemistry (Foundation Tier)
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
You must have:
• a ruler (cm/mm)
• the Data Sheet for GCSE (9–1) Chemistry B

F

(inside this document)
You can use:
• an HB pencil
• a scientific or graphical calculator

*

J

2

5

8

0

1

*

Please write clearly in black ink
...

Centre number

Candidate number

First name(s)
Last name
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink
...

• Write your answer to each question in the space provided
...
The question numbers must be clearly shown
...

• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working
...

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 90
...

• This document has 28 pages
...


2
1

Fuels such as diesel and petrol are made from hydrocarbons
...

What is the other element?
Put a ring

around the correct option
...
[1]

(b) Alkanes are hydrocarbons
...

Butanoic acid
Ethanol
Methane
Propene
[1]
(c) Alkenes are also hydrocarbons
...

Which statements about polymers are true and which are false? Tick
(✓) one box in each row
...

Polymers are long chain molecules
...

[2]

© OCR 2024

3
(d) Ethene is the monomer used to make a polymer called poly(ethene)
...
1
...

Fig
...
1
H H C
C
H H
(i)

Complete the diagram below to show the repeating unit of poly(ethene)
...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

4
2

Lithium is an element in Group 1 of the Periodic Table
...


...
[1]

(ii) Complete the diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in an atom of lithium
...


Li

[2]
(b) Lithium reacts with water to form an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas
...

Include state symbols on the symbol equation
...
(l)


...
)

+ hydrogen
+
...

(i)

Describe what happens to the temperature during the reaction
...


...

Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the activation energy
...


...


...


(a) The table shows the processes used in the treatment of groundwater to produce safe drinking
water
...

Name Process 1
...
[1]

(ii) In Process 4, chlorine is used to kill microorganisms
...

Test
...


...


...

The diagram shows some of the apparatus they use
...


...


[1]
(ii) Describe how the student uses the apparatus to remove some impurities from the groundwater
...


...


...


The chopping board must be made from a material that is strong and lightweight
...

Material

Type of material

Tensile strength
(MPa)

Density
3
(kg / m )

Melting Point
(°C)

Glass

Ceramic

7

2500

1648

Acrylic

Polymer

70

1200

160

Composite

5

2300

1550

400

7750

1425

Concrete
Steel

(a) What type of material is steel?
Tick (✓) one box
...

Use information from the table
...


...


...
[1]
(ii) What is the order of magnitude of this increase?
Put a ring around the correct option
...

This is the equation for the reaction:
2SO2 + O2

2SO3

(a)
(i) How does the equation show that the reaction is reversible?

...

Complete the sentence about a dynamic equilibrium
...

In a dynamic equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is faster than / slower than /
the same as the rate of the reverse reaction
...

Which of these is a property of a catalyst?

Tick (✓) one box
...

It lowers the temperature of the reaction
...

It supplies energy to the reaction
...

Sulfur dioxide is released when cars burn fuel that contains sulfur
...


600

500

400

Amount of
sulfur dioxide
released
(thousand tons)

300

200

100

0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Year
(i)

Describe the pattern in changes to the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions from cars from
1970 to 2020
...


...


...
[1]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

12
(iii) State one environmental problem caused by an increase in the amount of sulfur dioxide
...


...


...
[1]

© OCR 2024

13
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

Turn over for the next question

© OCR 2024

Turn over

14
6

A student does a titration to find out the volume of dilute hydrochloric acid needed to fully
react with sodium hydroxide solution
...


Dilute hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide solution and indicator
(a) The equation shows the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid
...
[1]

(ii) Name the salt formed in the reaction
...
[1]

© OCR 2024

15
(b) The table shows the results
...
2

37
...
2

0
...
8

36
...
4

36
...


3
Burette reading at the start of titration 1 =
...


3
Mean volume added =
...



...


...
[2]

(iv) Describe one way the student can make sure that the burette readings are as accurate
as possible
...


...


...


(a) The table shows the ideas of three scientists
...

Scientist

Year

Idea

1803

All matter is made of tiny particles called


...

An atom contains negatively charged
particles called electrons
...

[1]

(ii) What is the name of the atomic model proposed by Thomson?
Tick (✓) one box
...

What are these orbits called?

...


(a) Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide, Fe2O3
...



...
O2

2Fe2O3
[2]

(ii) What is the symbol for the positive ion in
Fe2O3? Tick (✓) one box
...


Melting Point (°C)

3
Density (g / cm )

Reaction with cold
water

Metal 1

1064

19
...
97

Bubbles observed

Metal 3

660

2
...

Metal
...


...


...

2Fe(s) + 3Cl 2(g)

2FeCl 3(s)

A scientist reacts 2
...
4 g of iron
chloride
...

Use:
•

percentage yield =

actual yield × 100
theoretical yield

•

theoretical yield = 5
...


Give your answer to 2 significant figures
...
% [3]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

20
9
(a) The table shows some information about diamond and water
...

Explain why
...


...


...


...


...
[2]

(iii) Complete the dot and cross diagram for water
...

Fig
...
1 shows their structures
...
9
...

Use the structures to explain why
...


...


...


...
Use the structures to explain why
...


...


...


...

Fig
...
2 shows the structure of Buckminsterfullerene
...
9
...
What is its diameter in m?
Put a ring around the correct option
...

Describe two properties of buckminsterfullerene that make it able to carry drugs into the body
...

2
...

They are added to soil to provide essential plant nutrient elements
...

Name two other essential plant nutrient elements
...

2
...


...
[1]

(ii) Suggest why farmers still use synthetic fertilisers despite their disadvantages
...


...

Ammonium nitrate is produced when ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, reacts with nitric acid,
HNO3
...

NH4OH
Relative formula mass

35
...
0

80
...
0

Calculate the atom economy for the formation of NH4NO3
...


Atom economy =
...

(a) Fig
...
1 shows three models of the arrangement of ions in sodium chloride
...
11
...


...


...
[2]

(ii) Which two statements about the limitations of the models in Fig
...
1 are true?
Tick (✓) two boxes
...

Model C does not show the 3-D arrangement of ions
...

Only one model shows that a chloride ion is an anion
...
11
...
Complete
Fig
...
2 to show the structure and charge of the chloride ion
...
11
...


...


...

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in a sodium atom
...

Number of neutrons =
...

[2]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© OCR 2024

28
EXTRA ANSWER SPACE
If you need extra space use this lined page
...


...


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...


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...


...


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...


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...


Foundation
GCSE
Chemisty B Twenty First Century Science
J258/01: Breadth in Chemistry (Foundation Tier)
General Certificate of Secondary Education

Mark Scheme for June 2024

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of
qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities
...


It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and
the needs of students and teachers
...

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements
of the examination
...
It does not
indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before
marking commenced
...

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the
report on the examination
...

Make sure that you have accessed and completed the relevant training packages for on -screen marking: RM Assessor Online Training;
OCR Essential Guide to Marking
...


Make sure that you have read and understood the mark scheme and the question paper for this unit
...


3
...


MARKING
1
...


2
...


3
...
It is essential that you meet the RM Assessor 50% and 100% (traditional 50% Batch 1 and 100%
Batch 2) deadlines
...

4
...


2

J258/01
5
...

where a candidate crosses out an answer and provides an alternative response, the crossed out response is not marked and gain s no
marks
b
...


6
...
If the
candidate has continued an answer there then add a tick to confirm that the work has been seen
...

•

Award No Response (NR) if:
there is nothing written in the answer space

•

Award Zero ‘0’ if:
anything is written in the answer space and is not worthy of credit (this includes text and symbols)
...

8
...
Please refer to these
comments when checking your practice responses
...

If you have any questions or comments for your Team Leader, use the phone, the RM Assessor messaging system, or email
...

Assistant Examiners will send a brief report on the performance of candidates to their Team Leader (Supervisor) via email by the end of the
marking period
...
Constructive criticism
of the question paper/mark scheme is also appreciated
...


Mark scheme

June 2024

For answers marked by levels of response:

Read through the whole answer from start to finish, using the Level descriptors to help you decide whether it is a strong or weak answer
...
Using a ‘best-fit’ approach based on the skills and science content evidenced within the
answer, first decide which set of level descriptors, Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3, best describes the overall quality of the answer
...

The lower mark should be awarded where the level descriptor has been evidenced but aspects of the communication statement (in italics) are
missing
...

The communication statement determines the mark within a level
...


Mark scheme

Annotations available in RM Assessor

Annotation

Meaning
Correct response
Incorrect response
Omission mark
Benefit of doubt given
Contradiction
Rounding error
Error in number of significant figures
Error carried forward
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Benefit of doubt not given
Noted but no credit given
Ignore

5

June 2024

J258/01

Mark scheme

June 2024

12
...


Annotation
/
✓

DO NOT ALLOW

Meaning
alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point
Separates marking points
Answers which are not worthy of credit

IGNORE

Statements which are irrelevant

ALLOW

Answers that can be accepted

()

Words which are not essential to gain credit

__

Underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark

ECF

Error carried forward

AW

Alternative wording

ORA

Or reverse argument

6

J258/01
13
...
This mate rial includes:
●

the specification, especially the assessment objectives

●

the question paper

●

the mark scheme
...

You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process
...
If you are examining for the first time, please read carefully Appendix 5 Introduction to Script Marking:
Notes for New Examiners
...
Your first point of contact is your Team Leader
...


AO1
...


AO1
...


AO2

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures
...
1

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas
...
2

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures
...
1

Analyse information and ideas to interpret and evaluate, make judgements and draw conclusions and develop and improve
experimental procedures
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


8

J258/01

Mark scheme

(i)

Hydrogen ✓

1

AO
element
1
...
1

Methane ✓

1

1
...
1

2

2
...


(d)

June 2024

Polymers are long chain molecules
...


✓

(i)

Guidance

ALLOW fossil fuel
IGNORE oil / alkanes / named fuel / organic
matter
3 correct = 2 marks
2 or 1 correct = 1 mark

Repeating unit has a single bond between carbon atoms
✓
MP2 dependent on MP1
...


Repeating unit fully correct with single bonds to four
hydrogen atoms and continuation lines ✓
(ii)

Double bond in ethene breaks ✓
Form a chain / repeating unit ✓

2

2
...
1

Guidance
ALLOW solid / malleable / silvery / shiny
IGNORE dull / weak /

Conducts heat/electricity ✓
(ii)

3 electrons identified ✓

2

Structure as shown

2
...
1

Note: Beware of heavily crossed out - allow final
version

✓
Lithium Hydroxide ✓

(b)

4

1
...
1

ALLOW warms up
DO NOT ALLOW T surroundings increase AND T
reactants decreases
IGNORE releases heat
IGNORE non-temperature related comments

10

J258/01

Mark scheme

Question

Answer

Marks
✓

(ii)

1

June 2024

AO
element
1
...

ALLOW lack of precision, so long as it clearly
represents the energy hump
Note: Dotted horizontal line not needed

(iii)

The energy needed for a reaction to occur ✓

1

1
...
2

Guidance
ALLOW screening or any term which implies
removal of solid material eg sieving / gridding /
riddling
IGNORE general terms such as purification /
separation / collection / extraction
IGNORE words which are from the stem eg
‘removal’

litmus ✓
Bleaches / turns white ✓
Detail - damp/ blue/ turns red/pink [before bleaching] ✓

3

(i)

Filter / funnel and [conical] flask ✓

1

(ii)

Reference to filter paper ✓

(ii)

(b)

1
...
g
...
2

ALLOW funnel and flask / filter and flask
DO NOT ALLOW ‘filtering tube

2

Impurities stay in paper / funnel
or ‘clean’ water goes through / [only] the liquid goes
through ✓

2
...
1

Low density so lightweight ✓

2

3
...
2

(ii)

1✓

1

2
...
1

(ii)

The same as ✓

1

1
...
✓

1

1
...
1a

Question
5

(a)

(b)

June 2024

Answer

Marks

Added detail e
...
decreases steeply then levels off / two

Guidance
ALLOW reference to ‘the arrow / symbol’

Numbers quoted must be correct
IGNORE incorrect units

dates / two quantities ✓
(ii)

1990 ✓

1

3
...
1

ALLOW corrosion of buildings / breathing problems
/ kills plants / deforestation
IGNORE air pollution / greenhouse effect / it’s bad
for …

(iv)

Low sulfur fuels ✓

1

1
...
2

(ii)

Sodium chloride ✓

1

2
...
2 – 36
...
6 cm3 ✓

1

2
...
2

Question
6

(a)

(b)

June 2024

Answer

Marks

Guidance
ALLOW acid-base
IGNORE ‘chemical’

3

If answer =36
...
6 + 36
...
4)/3 ✓
DO NOT ALLOW ECF

= 36
...
2

When reaction complete ✓
(iv)

ALLOW to see / to tell (to indicate the otherwise
unobservable)
IGNORE ‘to measure’ ‘to know’
ALLOW when right amount added / when to stop

Any one from

1

Take readings at eye level ✓

3
...
1

(ii)

Plum pudding model ✓

1

1
...
1

Question
7

(a)

(b)

June 2024

Answer

Marks

Guidance
ALLOW John Dalton ✓

ALLOW energy levels / shell / outer shell
DO NOT ALLOW nuclear shell / atomic shell

16

J258/01

Mark scheme

Question
8

(a)

(i)

Answer
2

(ii)
(b)

Fe3+

2

2

AO
element
2
...
1b

3

3
...
4 x 100) / 5
...
86 with no working = 2 marks
75 with no working = 1 mark only
2 x 2
...
862…
...
2

17

ECF for sig figs if their answer needs rounding to
two sig figs
...
1a

Guidance
Must comment on size of MPt/BP eg ‘low’ / ‘only’
IGNORE ‘water is a liquid’, the table doesn’t show
room temperature, only that it has low MPt & BPt

(ii)

Little energy is needed (to separate the molecules/ break

IGNORE ‘weak bonds’/ ‘break bonds’, separation

the weak intermolecular forces) ✓
covalent bonds ✓

must imply of complete molecules
2

1
...
1

ALLOW tetrahedral
IGNORE pyramid
IGNORE inner shell if drawn on oxygen

2

1
...
1

Must be clear which they are talking about
ALLOW strong imf (bonding tested earlier)

X X
X
X

X
X
X X

(b)

(i)
(ii)

(c)

(i)
(ii)

delocalised electrons ✓
free to move across the layer / sheet ✓
Diamond hard because all strong bonds ✓
Graphite soft because layers slide over each other ✓
1 x 10-9 ✓
hollow structure (allows them to carry other molecules) ✓
small size (allows them pass through the body) ✓

IGNORE giant structure arguments
1
2

1
...
1

ALLOW can (carry) other molecules
IGNORE it’s a nanoparticle (given in stem)

18

J258/01

Mark scheme

Question
10 (a)
(b)

(i)

(ii)

June 2024

Phosphorus / P✓
Potassium / K ✓
enters watercourses / eutrophication / increased algal
growth/weed/plant growth in watercourses / kills
fish/marine or river life / leads to oxygen depletion in
water ✓

2

AO
element
1
...
1

IGNORE bioaccumulation
IGNORE more weeds unqualified
IGNORE death of plants/animals/less
biodiversity/poor soil fertility

There are not enough natural fertilisers / synthetic
fertilisers can be manufactured in large quantities / need
to grow more food/crops / lead to faster growth / more
yield ✓

1

3
...
g
...
g
...
6(%) award 4 marks

June 2024

4

(mass of atoms in desired product) = 80
...
6 is max 3

3 x 2
...
0 + 63
...
0 ✓

ALLOW 80 if shown as numerator in calculation
(even if added to another number)
ALLOW MP2 anywhere (even if shown as
numerator)
ALLOW 35+63 (only) seen anywhere in calculation
DO NOT ALLOW other numbers added to 35 + 63

atom economy =
80
...
0 x 100 OR = 81
...
6326…
...
6 (%) ✓

MP4 ALLOW incorrect answer, with working to 1dp
1
...
1

between oppositely charged ions / between positive ions
and negative ions ✓
sodium ions are positively charged and chloride ions are
negatively charged ✓
(ii)
(iii)

Guidance
IGNORE attractive forces / static forces
ALLOW electrostatic attraction
MAX 1 if single bonds /covalent bonds / imfs /
delocalised electrons / protons and electrons are
stated
ALLOW cation = positive ion and anion = negative
ion throughout
IGNORE ‘chlorine’ ions
IGNORE between sodium ions and chloride ions
ALLOW 2 marks for ‘attractive forces between
positive sodium ions and negative chloride ions’

Model C does not show the 3-D arrangement of ions ✓
Only one model shows that chlorine is an anion ✓
electron arrangement of 2
...
8 drawn ✓

2

3
...
2

ALLOW different symbols for electrons / all the
same electron symbol

2

2
...

DO NOT ALLOW sodium has two shells and is in
period 2

Number of electrons in outer shell is the same as the
group number / sodium is in group 1 and has 1 electron
in the outer shell / chlorine is in Group 7 and has 7
electrons in the outer shell ✓

IGNORE references to losing/gaining electrons
DO NOT ALLOW if statement for chlorine or
sodium is incorrect

-1/1-/-✓
(b)

(c)

Protons = 11 ✓
Neutrons = 12 ✓
Electrons = 11 ✓

2

21

2

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