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BIOLOGY B

OCR 2024
GCSE Biology B (Twenty First Century Science)
J257/04 Depth in Biology (Higher Tier)
With Marking Scheme Merged

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Friday 7 June 2024 – Afternoon
GCSE (9–1) Biology B (Twenty First Century Science)
J257/04 Depth in Biology (Higher Tier)
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

H

You must have:
• a ruler (cm/mm)
You can use:
• an HB pencil
• a scientific or graphical calculator

*

J

2

5

7

0

4

*

Please write clearly in black ink
...

Centre number

Candidate number

First name(s)
Last name
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink
...

• Write your answer to each question in the space provided
...
The question numbers must be clearly shown
...

• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working
...

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 90
...

• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*)
...

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer
...


(a) Put one tick (✓) in each row of the table to describe aerobic and anaerobic respiration in
animal cells such as human body cells
...
Use words from the list
...


...


...


...


the amount of ATP produced per molecule of reactant in anaerobic

respiration
...

Crocus

Snowdrop

Daisy
Grass

A student wants to estimate the total number of snowdrops in the field
...

Small square

1

2

3

4

5

6

Number of snowdrops

5

8

2

9

0

6

(a)* Describe a method to collect the data in the table
...


...


...


...


...


...


...
[6]

© OCR 2024

5
(b) Use the student’s data to calculate the mean number of snowdrops per small square
...
[2]
2
(c) The area of the field is 600 m
...
25 m
...


Number of small squares that fit in the field =
...
Use the equation:
total number
of snowdrops =
in the field

mean number of snowdrops
per small square

×

number of small squares
that fit in the field

Total number of snowdrops in the field =
...


...
[1]

(f)

The student thinks their estimate is not very close to the true number of snowdrops in the field
...


...
[1]

© OCR 2024

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6
3

The heart, blood vessels and blood make up the human circulatory system
...

Put a ring around the correct options
...

Carbon dioxide / Oxygen is taken into and carbon dioxide / oxygen is taken out of the blood
by the gaseous exchange system
...

[3]
(b) The diagram shows a human heart
...


...


...
[2]

(ii) Suggest what would happen if structure C was faulty
...


...


...

Charlie needs to measure the pulse rate of a person
...


Describe the additional steps Charlie must take to measure and calculate the person’s pulse
rate in beats per minute
...


...


...

Person B is a fit person
...

Charlie measures their pulse rate every minute
...
[1]

(ii) Charlie makes sure that the two people are the same age, sex and
ethnicity
...


...


...
[2]

(iii) Suggest one other factor about the two people that should be the same
...
[1]

© OCR 2024

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8
The graph shows the pulse rate of each person before, during and after the test
...

Include data from the graph in your answer
...


...


...


...


...


...
[2]

(iii) Describe one way the data in the graph shows person B is fitter than person A
...


...
4
...

Fig
...
1
phytoplankton

zooplankton

small fish

large fish

(a) Which organism is the source of biomass for all other organisms in the food chain?

...

Use evidence from Fig
...
1
...


...


...

Use evidence from Fig
...
1
...


...


...
4
...

True

False

Fig
...
1 shows how many individuals are part of the food chain
...

There are four populations of organisms in the food chain
...
4
...


Fig
...
2
5

large fish

0
...
66

15 000

zooplankton

1
...
70

number of organisms

(i)

2
biomass (g / m )

Calculate the percentage of the phytoplankton biomass that is transferred to the large fish
...


Percentage =
...
4
...


...


...


...


...


...


...
[6]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

12
5

Different methods of contraception can be used to prevent pregnancy
...


Method of
contraception

(i)

Effectiveness
(% of pregnancies prevented)

How it is used

Maximum

During normal use

Diaphragm/cap

96

71–88

Inserted into the
vagina before sex

Hormone pill

99

91

Must be taken daily

Hormone injection

99

94

One injection lasts
8–13 weeks

Why are none of the methods shown guaranteed to prevent pregnancy?
Use data from the table
...


...

She wants an easy to use and reliable method of
contraception
...

Method:
...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

13
(b) Layla’s partner can wear a condom on his penis during sexual intercourse to prevent
pregnancy
...


...


...
[2]

(c) Complete the sentences to explain how hormones control the menstrual cycle
...

Adrenaline

FSH

LH

Oestrogen

Progesterone

Thyroxine


...


...


...


...

[4]
(d) A hormone contraceptive pill contains progesterone
...



...


...


...
[3]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

14
6

Vegetable crops such as peas are grown to help feed the world’s population
...

Farmers started with wild pea plants and have changed the characteristics of the pea plants they
grow
...

The domesticated pea plants that resulted from this process produce more peas per plant
...

Evolution
Mutation
Natural selection
Selective breeding
[1]

(ii) Suggest two advantages of growing domesticated pea plants that produce more peas per plant
...


...


...
However, people
don’t want these burgers to taste of peas
...

Put statements A to D in the correct order to describe how scientists used genetic engineering to
add this gene to domesticated pea plants
...

B Put the flavourless pea gene in a suitable vector
...
D
Isolate the flavourless pea gene
...


[3]
(c) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a greenhouse gas
...

Use ideas about carbon dioxide in your answer
...


...


...


...


(a) Complete the table to describe the substances taken into a plant and the processes they are
used for
...


...

[3]

(b) The mass of a plant in the morning is 50 g
...

(i)

Calculate the percentage increase in mass of the plant
...


Percentage increase in mass =
...

Suggest why the mass of the plant only increased by 1 g even though it took up 5 g of water
...


...


...

(i)

Where do plants get nitrate from?
Tick (✓) one box
...

Substance

Used to make
Oxygen

Nitrate

Proteins
Nucleotides

Phosphate

Water
Glucose
[2]

(d) Plants take in nitrate and water through the cell membrane of root hair cells
...


Which statement about the cell membrane of a root hair cell is true?
Tick (✓) one box
...

It is an exchange surface
...

It is part of the xylem
...

[1]

© OCR 2024

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18
(e) Some types of pollution in soil can affect plants
...

(i)

What will happen to the amount of nitrate taken into this root hair
cell? Explain your answer
...


...


...


...


...


...
[2]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© OCR 2024

19
EXTRA ANSWER SPACE
If you need extra space use these lined pages
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OCR qualifications include
AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills,
Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT,
business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills
...
OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made
is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and
support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society
...
It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners
...

All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches
in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and
skills demonstrated
...

© OCR 2024

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

J257/04

Mark scheme

June 2024

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS
PREPARATION FOR MARKING
RM ASSESSOR
1
...


2
...
These are available in RM Assessor
...


Log-in to RM Assessor and mark the required number of practice responses (“scripts”) and the required number of standardisation
responses
...


Mark strictly to the mark scheme
...


Marks awarded must relate directly to the marking criteria
...


The schedule of dates is very important
...
If you experience problems, you must contact your Team Leader (Supervisor) without delay
...


If you are in any doubt about applying the mark scheme, consult your Team Leader by telephone, email or via the RM Assessor messaging
system
...


Crossed Out Responses
Where a candidate has crossed out a response and provided a clear alternative then the crossed out response is not marked
...


J257/04

Mark scheme

June 2024

Rubric Error Responses – Optional Questions
Where candidates have a choice of question across a whole paper or a whole section and have provided more answers than requir ed, then
all responses are marked and the highest mark allowable within the rubric is given
...
(The underlying assumption is that the candidate has penalised themselves
by attempting more questions than necessary in the time allowed
...
When a question requires candidates to select more than one option/multiple options, then local marking arrangements need to
ensure consistency of approach
...


Short Answer Questions (requiring only a list by way of a response, usually worth only one mark per response)
Where candidates are required to provide a set number of short answer responses then only the set number of responses should be marked
...
The remaining responses should not then be marked
...
(The underlying assumption is that the candidate
is attempting to hedge their bets and therefore getting undue benefit rather than engaging with the question and gi ving the most
relevant/correct responses
...
)

J257/04

Mark scheme

June 2024

Longer Answer Questions (requiring a developed response)
Where candidates have provided two (or more) responses to a medium or high tariff question which only required a single (deve loped)
response and not crossed out the first response, then only the first response should be marked
...

6
...
If the
candidate has continued an answer there, then add a tick to confirm that the work has been seen
...


Always check the pages (and additional objects if present) at the end of the response in case any answers have been continued there
...


8
...

Team Leaders must confirm the correct use of the NR button with their markers before live marking commences and should check this when
reviewing scripts
...


The RM Assessor comments box is used by your Team Leader to explain the marking of the practice responses
...
Do not use the comments box for any other reason
...


10
...
The report should contain notes on particular strengths displayed as well as common errors or weaknesses
...


J257/04
11
...
The
indicative scientific content in the Guidance column indicates the expected parameters for candidates’ answers, but be prepar ed to recognise
and credit unexpected approaches where they show relevance
...

Once the level is located, award the higher or lower mark:
The higher mark should be awarded where the level descriptor has been evidenced and all aspects of the communication statement (in
italics) have been met
...

In summary:
The skills and science content determines the level
...


Level of response questions on this paper are 2(a) and 4(e)(ii)
...


Mark scheme

Annotations available in RM Assessor

Annotation

Meaning
Correct response
Incorrect response
Omission mark
Benefit of doubt given
Contradiction
Rounding error
Error in number of significant figures
Error carried forward
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Benefit of doubt not given
Noted but no credit given
Ignore

June 2024

J257/04
13
...

Annotation

Meaning

/

alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point



Separates marking points

DO NOT ALLOW

Answers which are not worthy of credit

IGNORE

Statements which are irrelevant

ALLOW

Answers that can be accepted

()

Words which are not essential to gain credit

__

Underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark

ECF

Error carried forward

AW

Alternative wording

ORA

Or reverse argument

J257/04
14
...
This mate rial includes:
•

the specification, especially the assessment objectives

•

the question paper

•

the mark scheme
...

You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process
...
If you are examining for the first time, please read carefully Appendix 5 Introduction to Script Marking:
Notes for New Examiners
...
Your first point of contact is your Team Leader
...


AO1
...


AO1
...

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures
...
1

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas
...
2

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures
...
1

Analyse information and ideas to interpret and evaluate, make judgements and draw conclusions and develop and improve
experimental procedures
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


9

J257/04

Mark scheme

Question
1 (a)

(b)

AO
Marks element
4
1
...
1

Guidance

J257/04

Question
2 (a)*

Mark scheme

Answer
Please refer to the marking instructions on page 4 of this
mark scheme for guidance on how to mark this question
...
2
4 x 3
...

There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear
and logically structured
...


June 2024

Guidance
AO2
...
3a Developing an appropriate method to
collect the data
For example:
• place quadrats/squares on the field/ground
• use identification key/app to identify snowdrops
• count/record number of snowdrops in each
square/quadrat
• idea of repeating / doing it 6/multiple times
• ref
...
g
...

There is a line of reasoning presented with some
structure
...

Level 1 (1–2 marks)
Describe/name apparatus needed OR how to use
apparatus to collect data OR how to avoid bias in the
field
...
3a How to avoid bias in the data
• measure area / (length and width of) the field
divide field into a grid
• label grid with numbers or letters / coordinates
• use random number table/generator/coordinates
to decide where to place the squares/quadrats
• place squares/quadrats randomly OR
evenly/regularly across the field
IGNORE idea of transect / squares next to each
other

There is an attempt at a logical structure with a line of
reasoning
...

0 marks
No response or no response worthy of credit
...
2

2

2
...
2b

1

3
...
3b

Marks

FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE
If answer = 5 award 2 marks

June 2024

Guidance

5+8+2+9+0+6=30



= 5
÷6

(c)

FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE
If answer = 2400 award 2 marks



= 2400
600 ÷ 0
...
1



oxygen AND carbon dioxide

urea AND excretory
glucose AND digestive

(a)

(b)

Answer

(i)

2

1
...
1

Ensure correct chamber quoted



less blood would get to the body / blood pressure in

ALLOW other reasonable suggestions of
consequences, e
...
body cells/tissues/organs would

the body would be lower

receive less blood/oxygen/glucose



(c)

count the number of beats (in the 20 seconds)



multiply by 3 to convert to beats per minute
(d)

2
...
2

2

2
...
3a

Guidance
DO NOT ALLOW fitness/health, age/sex/ethnicity or
duration of exercising on the bike, as these are given
in the question
ALLOW “weight”
IGNORE “height” / “lifestyle”







caffeine intake (before the test)

water intake (before the test)
amount of rest (before the test)

DO NOT ALLOW “diet” unqualified

food/sugar/carbohydrate/protein intake (before the
test)
(e)

(i)





Any three from:

3

3
...
1

Guidance

DO NOT ALLOW ‘’energy produced / made /
created’’

heart beats faster to transfer more oxygen(ated blood)
around the body / to transfer more glucose around the



body

to supply muscle (cells) (oxygen/glucose) for (aerobic)
respiration



(more) respiration in (contracting/working) muscle
cells provides ATP/energy



to remove carbon dioxide produced by respiration (in
muscle cells)

(iii)



Any one from:

1

person B’s resting/normal pulse rate is lower (than
person A’s)



ORA for person B throughout
Statements must be comparative
ALLOW uses figures to show this
ALLOW heart rate for pulse rate



person B’s maximum pulse rate is lower (than person



A’s) / it increases less during the exercise period

person B’s pulse rate returns to its resting/normal
value faster (than person A’s) / person B’s recovery
rate is faster

3
...
1
3
...
1b

2

2
...
4
...
6 award 3 marks

3



= 0
...
1 ÷ 17
...
6 (% to 1 sig
...
)

Three correct ticks = 2 marks
Two correct ticks = 1 mark

2 x 2
...
2

16

ALLOW ECF if the correct values from the figure are
chosen but used incorrectly for the second and third
MPs

J257/04

Question
4 (e) (ii)*

Mark scheme

Answer
Please refer to the marking instructions on page 4 of this
mark scheme for guidance on how to mark this question
...

An understanding of biomass transfer to explain the trend
...

There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear
and logically structured
...

Level 2 (3–4 marks)
Limited explanation across all three areas or full
explanation of two areas:
Interpretation of the biomass data
...

Why the food chain can only support 5 large fish
...

The information presented is relevant and supported by
some evidence
...


June 2024

AO
element
Guidance
2 x 3
...
1a Interpreting the biomass data
For example:
4 x 2
...
2 Applying understanding of biomass
transfer to explain the trend
For example:
• some biomass is used in cellular respiration in
producer / phytoplankton
• not all organisms are eaten
• not all parts of organisms are eaten/digested
(e
...
bones)
• some ingested biomass is used in cellular
respiration / used to provide energy / used to
warm the body / surroundings in consumers
• some ingested biomass is egested / excreted
(e
...
faeces, carbon dioxide)
AO2
...
5% reaches top
• percentage/efficiency of biomass transfer is
low

There is an attempt at a logical structure with a line of
reasoning
...


17

J257/04

Question

Mark scheme

Answer

Marks

0 marks
No response or no response worthy of credit
...
1a

2

3
...
1

Question
5

(a)

(i)

effectiveness is less than 100%
(ii)

June 2024

(hormone) injection





Guidance

And any one from:
one injection lasts 8-13 weeks / don’t have to take it
daily / don’t have to remember to insert it into the



vagina before sex

high(est) effectiveness / 99% maximum / 94% during
normal use
(b)



condom prevents transmission/spread



ALLOW “protects against / from …
...
g
...
1

J257/04

Mark scheme

Question
5

(d)

Answer

Marks

Any three from:

3

AO
element
1
...
1
2
...
1

Marks



June 2024

Guidance



the world’s population is increasing (so more food is
needed)



idea that farmers will sell more / supports their



livelihood / more profit
increased food security

(b)



DBAC








D before B
B before A



A before C
(c)

Any three from:
growing (pea) plants releases less carbon
dioxide/greenhouse gas than farming animals / ORA

3



(because) plants absorb/remove carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere for photosynthesis

(and) animals release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere due to respiration



(and) animals release methane which is another
greenhouse gas into the atmosphere



(it’s better to reduce levels of ) greenhouse gases
because they cause climate change / global warming /
biodiversity loss / habitat loss



21

2
...
1

Guidance

Process

Carbon dioxide

(b)

June 2024

ALLOW CO2 / CO2 but DO NOT ALLOW CO2 or Co



FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE
If answer = 10 award 2 marks

2

2
...
1

x 100 = 10 (%)
(ii)



ALLOW ECF for their value for MP1 X 100

Any two from:

2

2
...
g
...
1
1
...
1

Any three from:

3

2
...
1



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