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Title: RESEARCH GUIDE
Description: This will serve as your guide in making research.
Description: This will serve as your guide in making research.
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Title of Manuscript
First Name MI
...
Surname, First Name MI
...
Surname, First Name MI
...
Do not indent the first line
...
The introductory sentence should
describe the research problem and address the reason why the study is important
...
The next sentence should briefly describe the study’s methodology
...
” For
qualitative research, you can write, “By conducting key informant interviews with community
leaders (n = 6) and health officials (n = 9) in an urban village in Bulacan, this study explored
...
Afterwards, you present the
most important findings of your study in one to two sentences
...
Use the present tense of verbs in stating
your results or conclusions that have continuing applicability (e
...
, The research reveals that
...
g
...
Use the active voice
...
Use specific keywords that capture the most relevant aspects of your thesis
...
Introduction
Introduce the specific problem and discuss why it is important
...
In particular, you can write about how the topic has been studied or
has been developed as a research area
...
If it has been fully studied, justify why there is still a need to study it
...
Establishing the importance of the topic can be done at the micro or macro level
...
g
...
”), community, or a wider society (e
...
,
“One of the increasingly recognized public issues is
...
g
...
...
In doing so, you
are highlighting the problem of your study (e
...
, “However, the availabil-ity of new technologies
presents a challenge to educators
...
g
...
This then becomes your opportunity to present the research gap (e
...
, “There has
been limited analysis of
...
g
...
This is the part where you have to answer why there is a
need to study your topic
...
g
...
1
State clearly the research objectives
...
g
...
II
...
Do not write here the full title of the study that serves as your reference material
...
Discuss
here the key concepts or variables you used in your study
...
Use crossreferencing
...
Provide a general introduction
...
Use the present
tense
...
Most of these studies should be taken from peer-reviewed reference materials like
journal articles and theses
...
In each paragraph, the research problem of the related study must be introduced
...
You also have to state the major findings and
conclusions
...
Again, you do not have to put the
complete title of each study
...
You may focus on one type
of review, or you may combine different types of review (e
...
, studies with similar topics, methods,
or frameworks)
...
g
...
”; “Likewise,
...
g
...
”; “However,
...
III
...
You may choose from the following:
qualitative, descriptive, correlational (explanatory), correlational (predictive), experimental, or
mixed methods research design
...
Provide the rationale or explain the
reason for using it
...
For your next paragraph, you may discuss the specific research method you employed (use
past tense)
...
Define it (use present tense)
...
Population and Sample of the Study
Describe the population that the respondents or participants represent
...
Provide the rationale for choosing them as sample for
your study
...
Sampling Design
Describe your sampling procedures in selecting the sample from the population
...
) You may choose from the following:
simple random sampling, systematic random sampling, stratified random sampling, purposive
sampling, snowball sampling, or convenience sampling
...
If you utilized more than one research
instrument, list them and discuss how you used each of these instruments
...
If you developed your own research
instrument, discuss the steps you undertook from its creation to validation
...
Data Gathering Procedures
Describe specifically how you collected the research data
...
You should be able to discuss the step-by-step procedures you
carried out throughout the period of your data collection
...
Discuss how
you ensured the following considerations: confidentiality, privacy, anonymity, informed consent,
statistical treatment of data
...
It is important that you consider all the necessary actions in protecting the rights of your
respondents or participants
...
e
...
Data Analysis
Identify the descriptive and inferential statistics (for quantitative studies) or analysis (for
qualitative studies) that will be employed in the study
...
For qualitative
research, you may indicate if you conducted coding through content analysis, thematic analysis,
or thematic network analysis
...
The same goes with providing a table of interpretation for
Pearson Correlation or Spearman Correlation
...
21 – 5
...
41 – 4
...
61 – 3
...
81 – 2
...
00 – 1
...
Results and Discussion
Write the title of this subsection in bold letters (Each subsection of this chapter should be
aligned to each research question in your ‘Statement of the Problem’ section
...
Use the APA format
...
g
...
”; “Table 2 indicates
...
Do not write “the table shows” or “the table below (or above) shows”
...
0-based Instruction
Test
Direct
Instruction
n = 15
and
Standard
Deviation
for
Direct
Instruction
t-value
df
p-value
29
...
000
Reject
and
Web 2
...
07*
1
...
06**
1
...
61
6
...
95
5
...
01
-19
...
This is where general notes to a tables are provided
...
The word ‘Note’ should be italicized
...
Examples are: *p <
...
**p <
...
***p <
...
†
This dagger pertains to a probability note (p value) for one-tailed tests
...
05,
one-tailed
...
01, two-tailed
...
01, two-tailed
...
Capitalize
each word of the title
...
Horizontal
lines should only be found between the title and the table, between the column labels and the data,
and below the data
...
Here is an example of a table for showing descriptive results:
Table 1
Profile of the Respondents
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents
Profile
Sex
Female
Male
Frequency
Percentage
74
-
100
-
11
12
18
19
12
2
14
...
2
24
...
7
16
...
7
Age
18-27
28-37
38-47
48-57
58-67
68-77
4
Civil Status
Single
Married
Widowed
Separated
17
41
10
6
23
...
4
13
...
1
Here are other examples with corresponding explanations:
Table X
Weighted Mean
Weighted Mean Scores of the Respondents’ Attitudes toward Mental Health
Frequency
N
A
n
n
(%)
(%)
D
n
(%)
4
(1
...
3
)
24
146
122
(8
...
7) (40
...
27
Neutral
2
...
0)
n
(0
...
0)
n
(0
...
0)
2
...
Item
n
(0
...
0
)
n
(0
...
0)
n
(0
...
51
Neutral
n
(0
...
0
)
n
(0
...
0)
n
(0
...
42
Disagree
5
...
0)
n
(0
...
0)
n
(0
...
0)
2
...
Item
n
(0
...
0
)
n
(0
...
0)
n
(0
...
01
Disagree
n
(0
...
0
)
n
(0
...
0)
n
(0
...
39
Disagree
Overall Weighted Mean
2
...
Item
4
...
Item
SA
n
(%)
Weighted
Interpretation
Mean
SD
n
(%)
Note
...
Focus on the highest
or lowest [extreme] values
...
It is evident in Table X that the weighted mean scores of the attitudes of the respondents
towards (name of the variable)
...
48 (OR they disagreed with majority of the statements (M= 2
...
(What are the specific
5
results that have the highest mean values [or the lowest mean values]? What do the result/s
mean?) The lowest level of agreement was reflected in the perception that once an individual has
experienced mental health problem, he or she is no longer capable of surviving it throughout his
or her life (M = 2
...
(What does the result mean?) The respondents were thus consistent in terms of their
perception that everyone can be hit by mental health problems
...
How will you relate your result to
finding/s from previous studies? (Go back to your Chapter 2 then paraphrase such relevant
findings
...
According to Delos Santos
(2015), while this may be a common negative condition, it is still inevitable that such issues could
affect anybody
...
)
Write the title of this subsection in bold letters (Each subsection of this chapter should be
aligned to each research question in your ‘Statement of the Problem’ section
...
Use the APA format
...
g
...
”; “Table 2 indicates
...
Do not write “the table shows” or “the table below (or above) shows”
...
0-based Instruction
and
Test
Direct
Instruction
n = 15
Standard
Deviation
for
Direct
t-value
df
p-value
29
...
000
Instruction
and
Web 2
...
07*
1
...
06**
1
...
61
6
...
95
5
...
01
-19
...
001, two-tailed
...
56, SD = 1
...
98, SD = 1
...
Since the p-value is greater than the
significance level of 0
...
This means that regardless of the
learning mediums used, both groups improved in a similar manner
...
Relate
your result to finding/s from previous studies
...
You can cite findings which either agree with or contradict the results of your
study
...
64, p =
...
The control condition participants (M = 9
...
70) had higher posttest scores
than the experimental condition participants (M = 8
...
76)
...
05, the null hypothesis is rejected
...
(Discussion follows
...
Go back to your Chapter 2 then paraphrase such relevant findings
...
)
Write the title of this subsection in bold letters (Each subsection of this chapter should be
aligned to each research question in your ‘Statement of the Problem’ section
...
Use the APA format
...
g
...
”; “Table 2 indicates
...
Do not write “the table shows” or “the table below (or above) shows”
...
06
0
...
90
0
...
12
0
...
45, p =
...
In Table 2, participants from the paper-and-pencil
group reported higher rating than the participants from the two experimental groups
...
(Discussion follows
...
Go
back to your Chapter 2 then paraphrase such relevant findings
...
)
Table 4
Pearson Correlation
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for the Relationship between Self-efficacy and Intrinsic
Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
Self-efficacy
Talent
Context
Effort
r
p-value
-
...
360
...
394
-
...
010
*p <
...
(What does the table show?) Table 4 provides the summary of the calculated Spearman
rho that tests the relationship between self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation
...
251, n = 30, p =
...
(What does the result mean?) This means that
the higher the level of self-efficacy of the respondents, the lower the level of their intrinsic
motivation and vice-versa
...
RELATED STUDIES (Discussion
follows
...
Go back to your Chapter 2 then
paraphrase such relevant findings
...
)
(What about if the result yielded no significant relationship?) However, no significant
relationships was established between context and intrinsic motivation, r =
...
394
...
084,
7
n = 30, p =
...
(Discussion follows
...
Go
back to your Chapter 2 then paraphrase such relevant findings
...
)
Note: “n” pertains to the sample size
Write the title of this subsection in bold letters (Each subsection of this chapter should be
aligned to each research question in your ‘Statement of the Problem’ section
...
Use the APA format
...
g
...
”; “Table 2 indicates
...
Do not write “the table shows” or “the table below (or above) shows”
...
As shown in Table 1, the thematic
network analysis surfaced the following dominant organizing themes: sense of preparedness, sense
of togetherness, (only two organizing themes are provided in this example) effective leadership
of local authorities, service provision at the macro level, rebuilding in a self-reliant manner, and
preparedness for future disasters
...
Sense of preparedness
...
In particular,
their experiences with previous disasters taught them valuable lessons on securing their lives and
properties
...
” (Informant 6)
Hence for the succeeding occurrences of natural disasters, the participants demonstrated
presence of mind and sense of urgency
...
Some participants even had to tie down parts of their houses
...
Upon knowing that a typhoon was coming, they
started preparing
...
They then started buying their food
and prepared candle and flashlight
...
”(Informant 3)
The reliance on television and radio for updated weather information was substantial in
alerting the community to prepare for disasters
...
Participants who were
near the fish ponds relied on their observations of the increase in water level
...
These practices were
evidenced in the following statements:
“When they knew that flooding would occur, the Barangay Tanod gave us signal and told
us, ‘You have to prepare
...
” (FGD Participant 1)
“Once we heard from the TV reports that floodwater would rise, that water would be
released from the dam, we started preparing for it
...
” (Informant 3)
V
...
The conclusions should be aligned to your Findings section
...
Each conclusion should answer the “so what” question (For instance, so what if you already know
that majority of the students strongly agreed about their level of self-efficacy
...
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
VI
...
The recommendations should be aligned to your ‘Conclusions’
section
...
You may suggest actions (do not use the word ‘must’) to stakeholders who are
most likely to benefit from your research (you may go back to your ‘Significance of the Study’
section
...
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
References
Surname1, I
...
, Surname2, I
...
, & Surname3, I
...
(Year)
...
Title of Periodical, Volume
Number (Issue Number), pp-pp
...
xxxxxxxxx
Surname1, I
...
, Surname2, I
...
, & Surname3, I
...
(Year)
...
Title of Periodical, Volume
Number (Issue Number), pp-pp
...
xxxxxxxxx
(Follow strictly the format of each reference entry
...
Please check the succeeding pages for the formatting of each type of
reference material)
...
I
...
I
...
I
...
Title of article
...
doi:xx
...
I
...
I
...
I
...
Title of article
...
doi:xx
...
I
...
I
...
I
...
Title of article
...
Retrieved from http://www
...
/www
Note: Use the URL of the journal’s home page
...
Journal article with more than seven authors:
Surname1, I
...
, Surname2, I
...
, Surname3, I
...
, Surname4, Surname5, I
...
, Surname6, I
...
Surname12, I
...
(Year)
...
Title of Periodical, Volume Number (Issue
Number), pp-pp
...
xxxxxxxxx
Surname1, I
...
, Surname2, I
...
, Surname3, I
...
, Surname4, Surname5, I
...
, Surname6, I
...
Surname12, I
...
(Year)
...
Title of Periodical, Volume Number (Issue
Number), pp-pp
...
wwwwww
...
I
...
I
...
I
...
Title of article
...
Magazine Article (Online):
Surname1, I
...
, Surname2, I
...
, Surname3, I
...
, & Surname4 (Year, Month)
...
Title
of Periodical, Volume Number (Issue Number), pp-pp
...
wwwwww
...
I
...
I
...
I
...
Title of article
...
Note: Use “p
...
” before the page number/s
...
B4, B6;
[continuous] pp
...
B4)
Newspaper Article (Online):
Surname1, I
...
, Surname2, I
...
, Surname3, I
...
, & Surname4 (Year, Month Day)
...
Title of Periodical
...
wwwwww
...
BOOKS
General Format:
Surname1, I
...
, & Surname2, I
...
(Year)
...
Location: Publisher
...
I
...
I
...
Title of work
...
10
Book (Electronic version):
Surname1, I
...
, & Surname2, I
...
(Year)
...
Retrieved from
http://www
...
/www
Surname1, I
...
, & Surname2, I
...
(Year)
...
doi:xx
...
I
...
(Year)
...
Location: Publisher
...
I
...
Entry
...
I
...
), Title of work (ed
...
wwwwww
...
(Year)
...
Retrieved from http://www
...
/www
TECHNICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS
Government Report:
Name of Government Agency
...
Title of work (Report Number, Contract Number, or
Monograph Number)
...
wwwwww
...
I
...
Title of work (Report Number, Contract Number, or Monograph
Number)
...
wwwwww
...
I
...
Title of work (Master’s thesis)
...
(Accession or Order No
...
I
...
Title of work (Unpublished master’s thesis)
...
Note: or (Unpublished doctoral dissertation)
Thesis or Dissertation (Web, from the US):
Surname, I
...
(Year)
...
Retrieved from
http://www
...
/www
Note: or (Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution)
Thesis or Dissertation (Web, outside the US):
Surname, I
...
(Year)
...
Retrieved from http://www
...
/www
Note: or (Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution, City or Province, Country)
11
Title: RESEARCH GUIDE
Description: This will serve as your guide in making research.
Description: This will serve as your guide in making research.