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Proofreading Notes for English Honours

Unit I: Use of standard proofreading symbols
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Here’s a brief overview of some common proofreading symbols and their meanings:

Common Proofreading Symbols
1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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How to Use Proofreading Symbols

Review the Document: Read through the text carefully, paying attention to spelling, grammar, punctuation, and
formatting
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Provide Clear Instructions: Make sure your marks are clear and easy to understand for the person who will make
the corrections
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Proofreading Example

1
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Example: "She likes to (^) play the guitar
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"

2
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Example: "He is a (∅) good player
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"

3
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Example: "The cat sat on the (↔) table and slept
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4
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Example: "She went to the (⏤) store
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"

5
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Example: "I need to go to the(␣) store
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"

6
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Example: "The President of the united States
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7
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)
Indicates where to add punctuation marks
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"
Meaning: Insert a comma before "but
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Paragraph (¶)
Indicates a new paragraph should begin
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(¶) Next, we will analyze the data
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"

9
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Example: "He is a (stet) good player
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"

By using these symbols, proofreaders can clearly convey necessary changes, ensuring that the final document is
polished and error-free
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Unit II: Rectification of common grammatical errors while proofreading:

Explanation

Certainly! Proofreading involves carefully checking written text for errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and
formatting
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Subject-Verb Agreement
Error: The subject and verb do not agree in number (singular/plural)
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Correct: The list of items is on the table
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Run-on Sentences
Error: Two or more independent clauses are joined without proper punctuation
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Correct: I went to the store, and I bought some milk
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Sentence Fragments
Error: A sentence that is incomplete and does not express a complete thought
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Correct: Although I enjoy reading, I often find little time for it
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Misplaced Modifiers
Error: Modifiers are placed too far from the word they modify, leading to confusion
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Correct: I saw the dog with a broken leg running down the street
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Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Error: A pronoun does not agree in number or gender with its antecedent
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Correct: Each student must submit his or her homework on time
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Comma Splices
Error: Two independent clauses are joined by just a comma
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Correct: It was raining, so I stayed home
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Confusing Words
Error: Using words that sound alike or look alike but have different meanings
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Correct: They’re going to the park
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Tense Consistency
Error: Shifting between past and present tense within a sentence or paragraph
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Correct: She walked to school and saw her friend
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Lack of Parallel Structure
Error: Items in a list or series are not in the same grammatical form
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Correct: She likes reading, swimming, and jogging
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Punctuation Errors
Error: Incorrect use of commas, periods, apostrophes, etc
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Correct: It’s a beautiful day
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Consistent practice will improve your proofreading skills and help you catch mistakes more effectively
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Proofreading involves checking a piece of writing for errors in grammar, punctuation, spelling, and formatting
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Here’s a breakdown of the task:
Proofreading Symbols

Proofreading symbols are standardized marks used to indicate specific types of corrections
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Spelling Error (sp): Indicate a spelling mistake with "sp" written above the incorrect word
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Insert (∧): Use this symbol to indicate where something needs to be added
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" → "I enjoy reading ∧ writing
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Delete (⊗): Draw a line through the word or phrase that needs to be removed
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" → "He is a ⊗very nice person
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New Paragraph (¶): Indicate where a new paragraph should begin
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It’s a good day to go outside
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¶ It’s a good day to go
outside
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Transposition (↔): Use this symbol to indicate that two words should be switched
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" → "The cat chased ↔mouse the
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Capitalize (cap): Write "cap" below a word that needs to be capitalized
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" → "she cap london
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Lowercase (lc): Write "lc" below a word that needs to be in lowercase
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" → "The sun is cap bright
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it was a sunny day and the birds were singing loudly
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"

Proofread Version with Symbols:
1
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"
2
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"
3
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"

Final Corrected Version
> "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
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Everyone
was enjoying the weather
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Make
sure to be thorough and accurate in your application of the symbols
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Tips for Effective Proofreading:
1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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Conclusion:
Proofreading is a vital skill for any writer
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